IVDD Flashcards
What types of disc degeneration exists?
Chondroid - in chondrodystrophoid breeds early in life
Friboid - in non-chondrodystrophoid breeds later in life
Where do we most commonly see disc pathology in the spinal cord?
85% between T10-L2
In cervical spine: C2-C3 most commonly
What are clinical signs of IVDD?
Varies with location. degree and speed of injury
Generally:
- pain
- gait abnormalities (mild ataxia to complete loss of function -plegia)
What is the most common flinical sign in cervical lesions?
Pain
Muscular spasms, gait abnormalities..
Gait abnormalitites only tend to be seen with significant extrusion of disc material as the vertebral canal is quite wide in the cervical region
What are the clinical signs seen in thoracic and lumbar lesions?
Pain
Abnormal posture -> progress into rapid loss of voluntary movement and nociception
Which breeds do usually get Hansen type 1 disc disease? What age?
Chondrodystrophic breeds -> Dachshund, terrier, spaniels
Onset of signs usually <5 years of age
What can be seen in Hansen type 1 disc extrusion?
There is an extrusion of nuclear disc material through the annulus fibrosis -> spinal cord contusion due to rapid extrusion of disc material
What is this?
Hansen type 1 disc extrusion
What is this?
Hansen type 2 disc protrusion
Imaging modality of choice?
MRI
can also be achieved by CT/myelogram or plain CT, myelography
Treatment?
Mild cases: conservative management - may carry a good prognosis
Surgery - if no improvement or severe
Treatment?
Mild cases: conservative management - may carry a good prognosis
Surgery - if no improvement or severe
In what patients are Hasen type 2 usually seen?
non-chondrodystrophic, large breeds
Later onset in life
What is the pathology behind Hasen type 2 disc protrusion?
Generally hypertrophy of the dorsal annulus fibrosus and chonric spinal cord compression as a result -> neuronal degeneration and spinal cord atrophy
Annular hypertrophy can be secondary to other vertebral abnormalities and spinal instability
What is the most common treatment for thoracolumbar disc protrusions? Risks?
Lateral corpectomies - they allow decompression of the spinal cord with minimal manipulation of the spinal cord
Risks:
Hemorrhage from the veous sinus
Itraogenic damage to the nerve root/peripheral nerve
What is the grading system (based on Ian griffith, modified by wheller and sharp) for intervertebral disc disease?
Prognosis and recovery time associated with intervertebral disc disease?
