IV Bolus - 1

Question 1

Definition

Pharmacokinetics (PK)

Answer 1

the study of the process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body

what the body does to the drug - ADME

Question 2

definition

Optimal drug therapy

Answer 2

determination of optimal dosage regimen (how many mg and how many times a day)

Question 3

definition

IV Bolus

Answer 3

a rapid injection that ensures the entire dose enters the systemic circulation immediately

Question 4

IV bolus input:
What does the plasma [ ] vs time graph look like?

Answer 4

Question 5

One compartment model assumptions

• The body acts like a ___ homogenous compartment and drug rapidly distributes uniformly in it.
• The drug is in rapid ___ between the blood and the tissues.
• Changes in the plasma concentration of drug will result in ___ changes in tissue drug levels.

Answer 5

• single
• equilibrium
• proportional

Question 6

One compartment model

Elimination follows a ___ order process: the ___ rate is proportional to the [ ] of the drug

Answer 6

• first
• elimination

Question 7

First order elimination

zero order is eliminating the same amount every time whereas first order eliminates the same precentage of the amount remaing each time.

Example: decreasing by 10 each time vs decreasing by 10% each time

Answer 7

Question 8

Unit for kel

Answer 8

/h

Question 9

Unit for Vd

Answer 9

L

Vd is the size of the compartment

Question 10

IV Bolus equation

Answer 10

Question 11

Vd equation

Answer 11

Question 12

Different drugs show different ___ after a given dose, and thus different ___

Answer 12

• Cp0
• Vd

Question 13

T or F: Cp0 is the y intercept on a [ ] vs time graph

Answer 13

true

Question 14

Vd depends on the ___ properties of the drug.

Answer 14

physicochemical

Question 15

Hydrophilic compounds
* Do not cross ___ readily
* ___ Cp0 given a dose

Answer 15

• membranes
• higher

Question 16

Lipophilic compounds
* have ___ tissue distribution
* ___ Cp0 given a dose

Answer 16

• better
• lower

Question 17

Vd is a measure of drug ___ in the body

Answer 17

distribution

Question 18

Volume of distribution (Vd)

• In most cases, Vd dose not correspond to a ___ volume.
• Special occasions: if drug is confined to the bloodstream (volume ~ ___ ) or total body water (volume ~ ___ ), then the pharmacokinetic parameter Vd may reflect the physiologic volume.

Answer 18

• physiologic
• 5 L
• 42 L

Question 19

definition

half life

Answer 19

The time it takes for half of the drug in the body to be eliminated or the time it takes for the plasma concentration to decrease by a half

Question 20

definition

Clearance (CL)

Answer 20

proportionality constant relating the rate of drug elimination and the plasma concentration

Question 21

Unit for CL

Answer 21

L/h

Question 22

CL equation

Answer 22

Question 23

• If drug A has a higher kel than drug B, it is eliminated ___
• if drug A has a higher CL than drug B, it is eliminated ___

Answer 23

• faster
• faster

Question 24

definition

Elimination rate constant (kel)

Answer 24

fractional rate of loss of drug from the body

Question 25

kel vs. CL * kel = ___ rate of drug loss from the body. * CL = ___ of drug-containing plasma from which drug is completely cleared.

Answer 25

* fractional (10%) * volume (L/h)

Question 26

Theoretically, CL cannot exceed ___ (because drugs reach the drug-eliminating organs via the blood pumped by heart)

Answer 26

cardiac output

Question 27

equation for kel and t1/2

Answer 27

Question 28

For a drug that has linear kinetics, if we double the dose then the plasma concentration will ___ at each time point.

Answer 28

double

Question 28

For a drug that has linear kinetics, if we double the dose then the plasma concentration will ___ at each time point.

Answer 28

double

Question 29

# linear kinetics Pharmacokinetic parameters ___ , ___ , and ___ are constant, that is, they are independent of dose

Answer 29

kel, CL, Vd

Question 30

# Non linear kinetics occurs when one or more ADME processes shows ___ * dose ___ PK

Answer 30

saturation * dependent

Question 31

# Non linear kinetics ___ and ___ are dependent on dose

Answer 31

CL, Vd

Question 32

# Linear kinetics When the dose is higher, Vd will A) increase B) not change C) decrease

Answer 32

not change

Question 33

# Linear kinetics T or F: In linear kinetics, AUC is proportional to dose.

Answer 33

true

Question 34

# Linear kinetics As time passes after drug administration, CL, K el or Vd will A) increase B) not change C) decrease

Answer 34

not change