its 2nd q g12 Flashcards
one of the most competitive business markets. Thus, tourism businesses must haveinformation to analyze the market and identify the right target segments to create the right products to maximize business potential.
TOURISM MARKET
information to **analyze the market and identify the right target **segments to create the right products to maximize business potential.
COHEN’S CLASSIFICATION OF TOURIST
organized mass tourist
indivisual mass tourist
explorer
drifter
S/He is the least adventurous among the four (4) that spends most of his/her time in the comfortable environmental bubble (comfort zone) throughout the trip. Typically, s/he purchases a ready-made package tour off the shelf and is guided through the destination with little interaction with the local culture or people
organized mass tourist
S/He is similar to the organized mass tourist but with more flexibility and scope for personal choice in the tour. However, the tour is still organized, and the environmental bubble shields him/her from the destination’s actual experience. Also, all the major arrangements are still made through a travel agency.
indivisual mass tourist
S/He organizes the trip independently and tends to visit an unusual destination. However, s/he still seeks comfortable accommodation and reliable transportation. Moreso, s/he tries to mix with the locals and dares to leave the environmental bubble but returns to it when a problem arises during the trip.
explorer
S/he goes further away from the environmental bubble and keeps away from tourism establishments such as hotels and/or tour coaches. With no fixed itinerary, the —– lives with the** local people and is immersed in their culture.**
drifter
curiosity<- ->security
drifter explorer individual mass tourist organized mass
he organized mass tourist and the individual mass tourist prioritize security over curiosity during their travels by purchasing a tour package from a travel agency. On the other hand, the explorer and the drifter are curious to try out new experiences outside their comfort zones when planning out their trips.
suggests that travelers can be classified into three (3) main types based on their different personalities:
Plog’s Classification of Tourists
allocentric
psychocentric
mid-centric
This type seeks new experiences and adventures and is outgoing and self-confident. S/He prefers to explore new and unusual areas and meet foreigners. —- tourists are often found traveling alone and are excited by the prospect of traveling to a place that most people have never heard of.
allocentric
This includes tourists who are more conservative and tend to be inhibited and less adventurous. – tourists prefer to drive to destinations and stay in typical tourist accommodations. Safety and security are their main concerns, and they travel in organized groups. These travelers seek the familiar and are happy in the knowledge that their holiday resort will provide them with their home comforts
psychocentric
This includes tourists** falling between the other two (2) types depending on the situation or season. **—– tourists like some adventure, but they would also like some of their home comforts, or vice versa. For instance, they book their holiday themselves through dynamic packaging but spend most of their time in their resort room. Or maybe they book an organized package but then choose to break away from the crowd and explore the local area.
mid-centric
look picture fig2 its
According to Plog’s model, as shown in Figure 2, the first tourists to discover a new place are the allocentrics. They start talking to other people about their vacations, marketing by word-of-mouth, and recommending the exotic place they visited. After some time, as the destination becomes more popular among travelers, more tourist infrastructures are provided, and marketing and promotion activities increase. Mid-centrics begin visiting the destination, and the continuing increase of tourist arrivals stimulates further development of hotels, restaurants, shops, scheduled tours, and other tourist-oriented businesses that charge higher prices. Eventually, allocentrics are turned off by the destination because it has lost its sense of novelty and unique atmosphere. Then, the destination reaches a widely popular point with a well-established image that attracts mass tourism. Psychocentrics then become the primary type of visitors since they prefer destinations well known with plenty of the services, facilities, and activities that they are familiar with at their places of residence.
Classification of Travelers Based on Purpose of Travel The following are the two (2) major classifications of travelers based on their purpose of travel (Cruz, 2019):
business travelers
-regular b traveler
-b travelers attending meetings conventions congresses
-incentive travelers
leisure travelers
-resort travelers
-family pleasure travelers
-ederly persons
-single and couples
Also referred to as cocorporate travelersrporate travelers, this consists of people traveling beyond one’s general home area for work-related reasons. They may set up the trip themselves or book and arrange it through a corporate travel manager/travel agent. They are categorized as follows
business travelers
These individuals travel to local and/or across national boundaries to fulfill their professional duties, such as meeting with regular/prospective clients and closing business deals.
regular b traveler
These individuals represent a company during corporate events such as meetings, conventions, and congresses. Their company sponsors them to learn something and/or be trained for their professional growth.
-b travelers attending meetings conventions
This group belongs to a special type of business travel. Firms give —— travel to employees as a** reward** for some accomplishment or encourage them to achieve more than required.
-incentive travelers
Also referred to as nonbusiness travelers, this consists of people traveling for vacation or pleasure. They have different spending patterns and are more concerned with the increase in the price of travel. They are also the largest segment of the international market and the fastest growing due to the rising income levels in developed countries, urbanization, higher educational levels, increase in leisure time, and the length of paid holidays. Leisure travelers are classified as follows:
leisure travelers
They are better educated, have higher household incomes, and are more likely to have professional and managerial positions. It is also notable that the majority of them have families with children
-resort travelers
They are motivated by three (3) objectives: to use travel as an educational experience for their children, do something different, and bring the family closer together. However, major hindrances for them to travel are the cost of travel, the ability of the parents to have privacy from their children, and the problems of organizing and coordinating family pleasure plans.
-family pleasure travelers
They are also considered active affluents or people with money and desire to travel extensively, making them a l**ucrative target for tourism destination areas. **Their travels generally search for learning experiences, cultural enrichment, socialization, and activities that lead to self-fulfillment
ederly persons
They take their vacations to fulfill their psychological, intellectual, and physical needs through rest, relaxation, escape the routine of daily living pressures, enjoy the naturalness of life, and express total freedom
single and couples
the** process **and activities people engage in when searching for, selecting, purchasing, using, and evaluating products and services to satisfy their needs and desires. It is one of the most researched areas in tourism that studies why a tourist chooses a particular destination and the driving factors that influence his/her decision to travel.
rourist behavior
factors affecting tourist behavior
geographical factors
social factors
place of origin
tourism destination
education of tourist
These include physical factors like geographical and climatic conditions, facilities, and amenities available at the destination, and advertising and marketing conducted by tourism businesses that can alter the tourists’ decision-making.
geographical factors
These include —- factors such as a person’s social network, lifestyle, and income, altering a person’s decision to visit or not visit a particular place.
social factors
There can be a variety of tourist behavior depending upon the place they belong to. For instance, Japanese and Korean tourists visit places in groups.
place of origin
This is a major contributing factor to altering tourist behavior. If a destination has all basic provisions such as electricity, water, clean surroundings, proper accessibility, and amenities, it attracts more tourists.
tourism destination
The more educated the tourist is, the broader range of choices, curiosity, and knowledge of places he would have. This drives the decision-making when it comes to choosing a destination ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
education of tourist
major global industry. Its contribution to economic development has encouraged countries to pursue this highly dynamic sector. Its growth has been fueled by factors such as the development of transportation, an increase in disposable income, and the growing demand for people to travel. The following are some of the popular forms of tourism:
tourism
It involves traveling to remote areas, where the traveler should expect the unexpected. The traveler can also explore cultures or activities outside of his/her comfort zones
adventour toursim
It involves traveling to a farm or a ranch that includes farm stands, corn mazes, wine and cheese making, and fruit picking.
agritouriszm
It focuses on having exposure to the different forms of art like paintings, sculptures, and theaters.
ART TOURISM
It involves traveling to pursue unique and memorable drinking and dining experiences with the locals at a chosen destination.
CULINARY TOURISM
t involves traveling to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strive to be low impact and small scale. It helps educate travelers, provides funds for conservation, empowers local communities, and fosters respect for different cultures.
ECOTOURISM
. It describes the practice of leaving the country to get or provide healthcare such as complex surgeries (e.g., cardiac, dental, and cosmetic)
MEDICAL TOURISM
m. It involves traveling to see a sporting event outside of one’s typical environment.
SPORTS TOURISM
. It involves sustaining a culture’s population, employment, and positive local experiences for residents and tourists.
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
A ——-is a geographical unit that tourists visit and stay. It is the primary product offered in the travel and tourism industry that needs to have sufficient facilities to meet the needs of the tourists. Travelers choose destinations according to their interests and purpose of travel. The success of a destination depends upon the interrelationship of the following key elements: accessibility, attractions, accommodation, activities, and amenities.
DESTINATION
helps destination managers see and understand what they have to do to provide quality services and the best experiences to tourists. The improvement of a destination should include the development of the attractions, activities, and peripheral areas (transportation, accommodation, and amenities/facilities).
DESTINATION ASSESSMENT
The five (5) A’s of tourism represent the essential requirements that make a destination suitable and attractive for assessing and developing tourism in the area. These are further discussed as follows:
ACCESIBILITY
ATTRACTION
ACCOMODATION
ACTIVITIES
AMENTITIES
It refers to the transport and transport infrastructure to reach a destination. No destination can function well unless there is a means of getting there, such as an airline, bus service, railway line, or port. Lack of adequate accessibility is frequently cited as one of the major obstacles to tourism development and investment in a destination
ACCESIBILITY
It is the principal reason for traveling to a particular destination. It can be classified into two (2): natural attraction and man-made attraction. Attractions are the places of interest tourists typically visit for their exhibited cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, or amusement opportunities.
ATTRACTION
. It refers to the places where people stay that play a central role in tourism. These include the following types of lodging: hotels, inns, cruise ship cabins, camper-vans, bed and breakfast, private homes, and hostels.
ACCOMODATION
These refer to the range of activities to get people to stay longer and spend more time and money in a destination. Many activities may be available at the destination to suit various age groups and social backgrounds, such as water sports, fishing, and nature trails.
ACTIVITIES
hese refer to the facilities available at a destination, which help meet the needs and wants of tourists. These include food and beverage facilities, drinking water, a good communication network, local transport, automatic teller machines (ATMs), proper garbage and sewage disposal systems, and medical facilities
AMENTITIES
hThe destination assessment must reflect a good balance among the five (5) A’s of tourism and ensure that there is something to see and do for people of different ages and backgrounds so that a large number of tourists will visit the place. A tourist will prefer accessible modes of transportation to visit a destination conveniently; hence roads must be developed to have a good transportation system. Amenities, such as having clean and well-maintained public toilets, signs written in different languages, available interpretive materials (leaflets, maps, and brochures), and information centers where tourists can ask for assistance and information, are also part of the improvement of a destination. Food stalls that provide tourist foods and refreshments should be accessible too. These serve as a resting place/seat where tourists can eat, sit, or rest for a while. Visible garbage bins to keep the areas clean must be within the destination as well.
Matching a destination with a market/traveler is the key to sensitive, efficient, and profitable marketing and selling. This is done by separating leisure travelers from business travelers and then subdividing them further into the following categories:
BUSINESS TRAVELERS
LEISURE TRAVELERS
(history b8uffs
culture secker
ethnic travelers
reigious pilgrims
environmenra; travelers
<ecotourism &campers>
recreational travelers
adventure seekers
entertainment seeker
shoppers
sensual travelers
status seeker
intrepresonal travelers)
Matching a Destination with a Market
They travel to attend a convention or conduct a business and add a vacation component to their trip.
business travelers
hey want to learn about a destination’s past and see travel as a way to experience what they’ve studied and read about.
history buffs
They are fascinated by different ways of life and how other people express their culture via distinctive customs, food, and art.
culture seekers
They are like culture seekers, but they explore the culture from which their ancestors came.
ethnic travelers
They seek an experience tied to their spiritual beliefs.
religous pilgrims
They are drawn to scenery and the beauty of places. They include two (2) important subsets: ecotourists who like to explore the places with endangered flora and fauna and campers who want to experience natural sites.
environmental travelers
They participate in mass-appeal sports such as golf, tennis, snorkeling, or skiing.
recreatinal travelers
They are drawn to activities such as dancing, partying, gambling, nightclub shows, theaters, and concert performances.
entertainent seeker
