eapp q1 gr12 Flashcards
the key here is
customizing your material for your audience and
considering your level of expertise in choosing your
topic
topic
I. Factors that Affect Writing and Speaking
4
topic
role of the writer
purpose of the material
targewt audience
in academic and professional
writing intersects at some point but differs at many
levels. This is affected by the purpose of the writer,
his/her knowledge of the topic, and the type of audience
he/she will have.
role of the writer
The purpose of writing whether it is for the academe or
a specific field of expertise falls under two categories:
purpose of the material
(1) to help other learn about a subject, carry out a task,
or make a decision;
(2) to reinforce or change the
attitude and motivate readers to take action
professional paper in the form of a
technical report is written for colleagues in your field.
Thinking about your audience affects what you write and
how you write your article. an academic paper could be
written for an instructor or a group of professors
targewt audience
Aspects of Professional and Academic Language
formality
objectivity
explicitnes
hedging
3 objectivity
personal language
emotive language
judgemental language
3 formality
formal
semiformal
informal
in “should be determined by the audience’s
expectations and the writer’s purpose.” The levels of
——- are ——-, ——l, and ————-. It is
advised that one should use the – tone when writing
or speaking to an unknown audience. In contrast, a
person is allowed to use a ——– tone when writing
to speaking with an individual that is well-known to
him/her. Lastly, one should take note that the ——–
tone has no place in academic or professional writing.
formality
if
readers suspect that you are trying to manipulate
peoples’ opinions about an issue, by overstating or
omitting facts, they will doubt the validity of the entire
document/statement. ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL LANGUANGE SHOULD BE OBJECTIVE AND UNVIASED
objectivity
in
academic and professional writing and speaking,
personal experience is only a support for the
development of the main idea. It should not be the
main idea itself.
personal language
attempts to
stir the emotion of the readers/listeners through
superlatives and exaggeration
emotive language
It sounds as though the
speaker/writer has come to a conclusion based on
his/her previously-held beliefs rather than through a
review of the relevant literature.
judgemental language
Use clear and direct language. Stay away from figurative
language such as metaphor, simile, and irony as these
can obscure the meaning of your statement.
explicitness
gnal word of explicitness
change
give reason
giving extra info
fiving example
aknowledge the sources
g refers to the use of linguistic devices to express
hesitation or uncertainty as well as to demonstrate
politeness and indirectness
used to soften one’s words and to avoid making a
direct statement, or committing to a particular action or
decision
hedging
It refers to the act of copying another person’s ideas, words, or work and pretending that they are
your own
plagarism
occurs when the writer, creator, or inventor presents other’s information, data, interpretations,
and conclusions as to his/her own. This also includes not only written but creative works such
as musical pieces, lyrics, designs, and patterns, etc.
. Plagiarism of Ideas
This happens when an author gets important sentences, clauses, or words from the source claim
it as his or her own
Plagiarism of Language
3 Plagiarism of Language
Word-for-word Plagiarism
Plagiarism by Paraphrase
Mosaic Plagiarism
The writer simply copied a huge portion of the text, put it in his/her paper, and assumed the
ownership of the ideas by not placing any mark that the idea was borrowed, such as
parenthetical citation, quotation marks, and indention.
Word-for-word Plagiarism
The first type happens when the exact ideas of the
original text are copied, and there are only a few words or phrases that were substituted
through finding its closest synonym or using a simpler term.
Meanwhile, the second type
happens when the original text was paraphrased, but the writer did not put any parenthetical
citation.
Plagiarism by Paraphrase
In this type, words and phrases are lifted directly and scattered in the text or paragraph.
Often a result of disordered notetaking and lack of willingness to paraphrase, the writer
changes the introduction and the ending statement and copies the information in between.
Mosaic Plagiarism
3 Note Taking Techniques
annotating
outlining
summarizing
Also known as “close reading,” it refers to the practice of marking and writing comments
to enhance one’s understanding and recall of the text he/she is reading
annotating
the reader could identify the main point of the text and its supporting
details. In pre-writing, outlining helps in rationally organizing ideas while during reading,
it helps in breaking down the information and identifying the pattern that the writer used to
present his/her ideas. This can be done formally using alphanumeric and roman numeral
characters and informally through bullets.
outlining
reduces a text to its main
idea and necessary information. It is shorter than the original text as it leaves out details
and terms
Summarizing
APA Format (7th Edition)
ition)
A. In-Text Citation
Reference List
4 In-Text Citation
Short Quotation
Long Quotation
Quotations from sources without pages
4. Summary or paraphrase
Reference List 4
Books
Periodicals
Electronic Sources
Audiovisual Media
Also known as a response paper, it is an essay that conveys the writer’s reaction to one or several
texts or films that he or she has read or seen
reaction paper
3 reaction paper
introduction
body
conclusion
w describes, analyzes, and evaluates a work. A ——– may give you the main information
about a piece of work.
review paper
e is a genre of academic
writing that briefly summarizes and critically evaluates a work or concept. —— can be used
to carefully analyze a variety of works such as creative works research , and media Unlike the review, which can be written by anyone, —are written by a
critic or an expert on a particular field. Because of this, a—-is expected to contain an in-depth
or technical analysis of a material as its writer has the authority to comment on the work being
evaluated
critique
3 ccritique
Introduction
xed
Summary
Critical evaluation
This section contains a systematic and detailed assessment of the different elements of work
that evaluates how well the creator was able to achieve his/her purpose. In creative work, you
may want to assess the plot structure, characterization, and dialogue
Critical evaluation
This contains a brief description of the main points and objectives of your critique by evaluating
the techniques, styles, media, characters, or symbols used in the wor
summary
