ITHS Chapter 13 Flashcards
1
Q
What proteins produced by leukocytes bind with and doable antigens?
A
antibodies
2
Q
What is a foreign substance that causes the body to make antibodies?
A
antigen
3
Q
What is a major blood vessel that moves blood from the heart out of the body tissue?
A
artery
4
Q
What is a network of very fine. thin walled blood vessels located in body tissue?
A
capillary bed
5
Q
What term refers to the heart and blood vessels?
A
cardiovascular
6
Q
What is a red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the body tissue?
A
erythocyte
7
Q
What is an individual’s preferred way of gaining or processing new information?
A
learning style
8
Q
What is the term referring to a white blood cell that is involved in fighting infections?
A
leukcyotes
9
Q
What term is to or containing the water fluid cooled from body tissues?
A
lymphatic
10
Q
What is the flow of blood from the heart to the body system and back to drop off nutrients and pick up waste?
A
systemic loop
11
Q
What is related to the act of organs involved in breathing?
A
respiratory
12
Q
What is the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide?
A
pulomonary loop
13
Q
What blood vessels move blood from body tissue towards the heart?
A
vein
14
Q
Which type of learners prefer pictures and have a good understanding of direction, spacing and location?
A
visual learners
15
Q
Which type of learners do better with charts, demonstration and videos?
A
visual spatial learners
16
Q
What type of learners likes to see written words through reading and writing tasks?
A
visual linguistic learners
17
Q
What type of learners use sound, rhythms and music to store and recall information?
A
auditory learners
18
Q
Which type of learners use their body, hands and sense of touch to learn?
A
kinesthetic learners
19
Q
What system is the transportation route within the body?
A
cardiovascular system
20
Q
What system uses small blood vessels in the lungs to transport and exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen?
A
respiratoy system
21
Q
What system has white blood cells travel with the blood and extra fluid from body tissues in return through lymph vessels?
A
lympathic system
22
Q
Who operates the heart lung machine during open heart surgeries?
A
perfusionist
23
Q
Who diagnoses blood related diseases?
A
hematologist
24
Q
How much blood does the average person’s body contain in liters?
A
four to six
25
What is mostly water but also carries nutrients, hormones and water for other body systems?
plasma
26
Which type of red blood cells are shaped like donuts?
erythrocytes
27
What helps carry oxygen and gives blood the color red and is contained by RBC?
hemoglobin
28
What does RBC mean?
red blood cells
29
What is a condition characterized by a lower than normal level of red blood cells in the blood or hemoglobin in the red blood cells?
anemia
30
What is an inherited condition that is most common in African Americans, where the erythocytes can become an abnormal crescent shape?
sickle cell anemia
31
What is categorized into types according to the protein molecules present on the surface of the red blood cells?
blood
32
How many types of blood are there, and their names?
4 types; A, B, AB, O
33
Which type had antigen A on the surface of the red blood cells and produces antibodies in the blood plasma against antigen B?
Type A
34
Which types has antigen B on the surface of the red blood cells and produces antibodies in the blood plasma against antigen A?
Type B
35
Which blood type is known as the Universal receiver because people within the blood type may receive any blood type?
Type AB
36
Which blood type is known as the universal donor because it can be donated to anyone?
Type O
37
What can leukocytes be referred to as?
white blood cells
38
What are thrombocytes also called?
platelets
39
What are cells fragments that form blood clots to repair injured blood vessels known as?
thrombocytes
40
What is a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel known as?
thrombus
41
What is a clot that breaks loose and travels to another part of the body called?
embolus
42
Who can bleed to death from a small injury because their cells don't produce enough protein that holds blood clots together?
hemophiliacs
43
How many types of blood vessels are there, and what are their names?
three types; arteries, capillaries and veins
44
Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenatd blood away from the heart?
arteries
45
What are small arteries that branch out into capillaries?
arterioles
46
What contain many thin walled blood vessels capillaries where gases, nutrient and heat are able to move in and out of the blood vessels?
capillary beds
47
What join to form veins?
venules
48
What is the body's largest vein?
vena cava
49
Which vein carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart veins and uses valves to prevent backflow as blood moves against gravity towards your heart?
vene cava
50
How many layers form the heart and what are their names?
three layers; endocardium, epicardium and pericardium
51
Which layer gives the inside of the heart a smooth surface that promotes blood flow?
endocardium
52
Which layer forms the outside surface of the heart?
epicardium
53
What is the second covering around the heart's surface?
pericardium
54
Which loop carries deoxygnated blood from the heart to the lungs?
short pulmonary loop
55
Which loop takes the newly oxygenated blood from the heart out of cells in all areas of the body?
longer systemic loop
56
Where does blood enter the heart from?
right atrium
57
What does AV valve stand for?
tricuspid atrioventricular valve
58
How many arches does the aortic arch have and their names?
3 branches; subclavian, carotid, and brachiocephalic artery
59
What term refers to chest pain caused by limited oxygen supply?
angina
60
What term refers to complete blockage that occurs causing a heart attack?
myocardial infarction
61
What type of surgery replaces arteries of the heart with veins or arteries from another area of the body to improve the blood supply?
coronary bypass surgery
62
What term refers to the contractions of the heart's ventricles?
systole
63
What term refers to the relaxation of the ventricles?
diastole
64
What is an irregular heart rhythm that is treatable with a pacemaker or medication?
arrhythemia
65
How many times does the average beat per minute in a healthy human?
60 to 100 times
66
What pulse is located at the inner elbow and used when taking a person's blood pressure?
brachial pulse
67
What tool measures the heart rate through an artery in the finger and estimates the amount of oxygen in the blood by analzying the change in color of the blood vessel?
pulse oximeter
68
What is measured in millimeters of mercury mmHG?
Blood pressure
69
What are bacteria and fungi that help the body digest food and maintain good health?
normal body flora
70
What are medications used to control bacterial infections?
antibodies
71
What are one celled mircorgaganisms that are often found in dirty water and decaying material?
protozoa
72
What are parasites that live inside another organism called hosts or vectors?
rickketsiae
73
What are hosts also known as?
vector
74
What are worms that live as parasites inside the body of a person or animal?
helminths
75
What type of disease spreads easily from one person to another?
contagious disease
76
What type of pathogen is difficult to kill?
virulent pathogen
77
What term means that they are able to live in a host and cause disease?
infectious
78
Who make antibodies to mark and destroy invading organisms?
lymphocytes
79
Who helps destroy the marked invaders by the lymphocytes?
esoniophils
80
Who releases histamines that cause swelling to cushion an injury?
basophils
81
What are neutrophils also called?
phagocytes
82
Which type of white blood cells fight infections?
neutrophils
83
Which type of white blood cell surrounds and destroys foregin bodies and and red blood cells?
monocytes
84
What is a lymphatic organs located just below the diaphragm?
spleen
85
What butterfly shaped organ in the chest grows during childhood as it helps program lymphocytes to respond to infections?
thymus
86
What contains a harmless form of a pathogen that is injected into the body to build protection against that disease?
immunization or vaccine
87
What is immunization also called?
vaccine
88
What are leukocytes from the bone marrow called?
B cells
89
Who make antibodies to fight the pathogen and are made from the bone marrow?
B cells
90
What is a severe allergic reaction that may cause death?
anaphylaxis
91
What is a fast acting prescription used to treat anaphylactic shock?
epinephrine
92
What virus attacks T-cells from the immune response and reprograms them to make new HIV cells?
human immunodeficieny virus
93
What does HIV stand for
human immunodeficieny virus
94
What is diagnosed when the number of T-cells in the body drops below 200 per mircoliter of blood?
accquired immunodeificeny syndrome
95
What does AIDS stand for?
accquired immunodeificeny syndrome
96
What are blood plasma that remains between cells after delivering its oxygen, nutrients and hormones?
lymph
97
What are small capsules where lymphocytes collect to remove dead cells, destroy pathogens and create antibodies against infections?
lymph nodes
98
Which nodes filter fluid from the legs and pubic region?
inguinal lymph nodes
99
What type of nodes can be felt in the armpits?
axillary lymph nodes
100
What type of nodes occur in clusters around the body?
cervical lymph nodes
101
What does MALT stand for?
mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
102
What are the lympathic tissue located in the back of the throat and behind the nose?
the tonsils and adenoids
103
What is swelling with excess lymph fluid?
lymphedema
104
What are specialized lympathic vessels that pick up digested fats and fat soluble vitamins in the villi of the small intestine?
lacteals
105
What is the resling fluid called when fats are mixed with lymph?
chyle
106
What acronym can you use to identify the warning signs of cancer?
CAUTION
107
What is a cancer that causes an increased number of undeveloped white blood cells?
leukemia
108
What type of growths are not cancerous but may need to be removed because of its pressing against another organ?
benign growth
109
What is tumor of the blood vessels that grows during infancy but usually shrink or disappear?
hemangioma
110
What type of growths are cancerous and are more harmful and tend to spread, or metastasize to new areas of the body?
malignant growths
111
What do BSEs stand for?
Breast self exam
112
What is a surgical procedure for breast cancer that cuts out parts of the breast and nearby lymph nodes?
mastectomy
113
What form of therapy uses chemicals to destroy fast growing malignant cells and tissues?
chemotherapy
114
Which type of surgeon is trained to diagnose and operate on conditions of the heart, lungs and esophagus?
thoracic surgeon
115
What can be used to refer to a thoracic surgeon also?
cardiothoracic surgeon
116
Who is physican who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease of the ENT?
otorhinolaryngologist
117
What does ENT stand for?
Ears, nose and throat
118
What is a cartilage and bone structure that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left chambers of the nasal cavity?
the nasal septum
119
What flitters out dirt and foreign material in the mucous membrane?
tiny cilia or hairs
120
What is the pharynx commonly referred to as?
the throat
121
How many parts is the pharynx divided into?
three
122
What are the three sections of the pharynx?
the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the larynogopharynx
123
What section of the pharynx is located behind the nose and above the uvula that dangles at the back of the throat?
nasopharynx
124
What is located at the back of the oral cavity below the nasopharynx?
oropharynx
125
What the lower section of the pharynx located behind the larynx?
larynogopharnyx
126
What is the larnyx also known as?
the voice box
127
What cords vibrate to create sounds?
vocal chords
128
What is the inflammation of the larynx that causes hoarseness, coughing and difficulty swallowing known as?
laryngitis
129
What does a URI stand for?
upper respiratory infection
130
What infection refers to any of the trachea, larynx, throat and nose?
URI
131
What is the flap of cartilage that helps direct food and air down the correct tubes?
the epiglottis
132
What tube leads to the lungs?
trachea or windpipe
133
What is a surgical opening of the trachea to allow breathing known as?
tracheotomy
134
What branches out to the left and right lungs at the bottom of the traches?
bronchi branch
135
What divides into smaller bronchiles that lead down to the air sacs in the lungs?
bronchi branch
136
What is a flexible lighted tube that can be equipped with a camera forceps and other special tools to examine the inside of the bronchii?
bronchoscope
137
What is the sudden inflammation of the bronchi that can result from a URI or exposure to irritants in the air known as?
bronchitis
138
Chronic allergic disorders and asthma involve a combination of smooth muscle contractions and mucus buildup where?
bronchii
139
What are tiny, hollow air sacs clustered lke bunched of grapes at the ends of the bronchiles known as?
alveoli
140
What is a contagious disease caused by tiny, airborne bacteria that most often infect the lungs known as?
tuberculosis
141
What does COPD stand for?
chonic obstructive pulmonary disease
142
What is a long term lung disorder that reduces airflow?
COPD
143
What are bubbling or rattling sounds in the lungs heard with a stethosco[pe called?
rales
144
What is the movement of oxygen from air to the cells known as?
respiration
145
Where does external respiration happen?
in the lungs
146
Where happens in the capillary beds throughout the body?
internal respiration
147
During what cardiovascular loop does the external respiration happen?
pulmonary loop
148
During what cardiovascular loop does the internal respiration happen?
systemic loop
149
What covers each lung's surface?
the visceral pleura
150
What lines the chest walls inside the pleural cavity?
parietal pleura
151
What fills the pleural space between the two membranes?
lubricatng fluid
152
What is the result of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm that causes you to suck air in quickly?
hiccups
153
What occurs when a pleural membrane is punctured or the space between the membranes is filled with fluid?
pneumothorax
154
What is pnemothorax known as?
collapsed lungs
155
What occurs when the inner surface of the lungs stick to themselves and cause difficulty breathing?
dyspnea
156
What uses needles or tubes to drain the air or fluid from the pleural cavity so the collapsed lungs can expand again?
thoracentesis
157
What is the abnormally slow breathing rate known as?
bradypnea
158
What term refers to when breathing stops temporarily?
apnea
159
What term refers to a lack of oxygen?
hypoxia
160
What is the amount of air the lungs can hold when we take out deepest possible breathe known as?
total lung capcity
161
What can be exhaled after the deepest breath?
the vital lung cpacity
162
What remains in the lungs and airways after the strongest exhalation?
residual volume
163
What is the amount of air bretahed in and out during light breathing while the body is at rest known as?
tidal volume
164
Which lung is shorter, broader and has greater volume compared to the other?
the right lung
