Italian Renaissance Flashcards
Proto-Renaissance
time period marked by advancement of culture, art, science, and exploration
pre-Renaissance period
occurred between 1300 AD and 1400 AD
Renaissance
time period marked by cultural revolution
translates to “rebirth” (French)
occurred between 1500 AD and 1600 AD
origin of Renaissance
Florence
Florence
small city in Italy
origin of Renaissance
1st city in Europe to recover from Black Death
causes of Renaissance
humanism
Black Death
fall of Constantinople (brain drain)
humanism
belief that all human beings have value
Petrarch
Florentine Papal secretary
leading figure in push for humanism
preached that education has ability to improve human condition
message preached by Petrarch
education has ability to improve human condition
bubonic plague
disease from Asia which quickly killed many Europeans
spread extremely easily and quickly
Black Death
bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe between 1346 and 1343
killed 30% of European population
killed 70% of Florentine population
effects of Black Death on Europe
killed 30% of European population
effects of Black Death on Florence
killed 70% of Florentine population
economic effects of Black Death
immediately hurt economy by killing many workers
gradually helped economy as population recovered
growth of middle class allows people to spend money on more than just necessities
fall of Constantinople
invasion of Roman capital by Persians in 1453
caused brain drain to Florence
brain drain
emigration of educated people from a particular city or area
effects of fall of Constantinople
helped Florence’s economy
psychological realism
style of art which depicts emotions on faces
perspective
art tool used to create illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface
Marco Polo
trader who went to China
known as Maestà Altarpiece
made by Duccio
depicts Madonna and child
Jesus always had gold plate around head
depicts Denial of Peter
no perspective
bad proportion
known as The Lamentation
made by Giotto
depicts burial of Jesus
blue sky was unique
example of psychological realism
composition of mountains directs attention to Jesus
depicts Saint Francis
Saint Francis
patron saint of animals and environment
known as Triumph of Death
made by Traini
depicts Black Death
noses covered to mask smell of dead bodies
known as Annunciation
made by Simone Martini
Medieval style (although painted during Renaissance)
Mary depicted in blue
John depicted in red
De Medici
richest family in world during Renaissance
banking family
lent money to Pope and kings
guild
group of owners who organize to set prices and quality standards
similar to lobbyist group
strongest guild in Florence during Renaissance
wool merchants guild
competition
competition between artists in guild in Florence
known as Gates of Paradise
made by Lorenzo Ghiberti
made of bronze (covered in now-fading gold)
name comes from poem by Michelangelo
known as John the Baptist
made by Lorenzo Ghiberti
depicts John the Baptist wearing camel-fur sweater
winner of sculpture competition at Orsanmichele
Orsanmichele
religious structure sponsored by guilds of Florence
site of numerous sculpture competitions
known as David
made by Donatello
depicts David wearing the “official stupid hat of Florence”
intentionally appears weak
intentionally has feminine posterior
first life-size nude statue in like 2,000 years
contrapposto
owner got in trouble for nudeness
celebration of Florence’s unexpected victory over Milan
known as Gattamelata
made by Donatello
life-size equestrian statue
made of bronze
depicts soldier of fortune and warfare between cities
out of proportion
Verocchio
painter and sculptor during Renaissance
teacher of Leonardo da Vinci
Brunelleschi
best architect during Renaissance
friend of Lorenzo Ghiberti
inventor of mathematical perspective
known as Pazzi Chapel
designed by Brunelleschi
made for 2nd richest family in world during Renaissance
has classical influences
known as Hospital of Innocents
redesigned by Brunelleschi
established by wealthy people to help poor people
redesigned facade for added symmetry
has fake windows
known as Domes of Florence Cathedral
designed by Brunelleschi
added after construction of Florence Cathedral
breaks every rule of architecture
ribs added to domes
known as The Trinity or The Holy Trinity
made by Masaccio
perspective is used
people who bought painting can be seen at bottom of composition
known as Palazzo Davanzati
designed by Brunelleschi
home for wealthy people during Renaissance
ugly exterior stones due to regulations on showing off wealth during Renaissance
momento mori
reminder that rich people and poor people all end up dead eventually
known as Tribute Money
designed by Masaccio
located within Brancacci Chapel within church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence
depicts Peter paying taxes with money from mouth of fish
known as Resurrection
made by Piero
most famous depiction of resurrection produced during Renaissance
has triangular composition
symmetrical
left side of composition represents dead world
right side of composition represents living world
known as The Last Supper
made by Castagno
located in cafeteria of monastery
perspective is used
focal point is Judas
known as David
made by Castagno
located in National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
shows both before and after
painted on shield (never used in battle)
foreshortening
method of rendering specific object or figure in picture in depth
known as Annunciation
made by Fra Angelico
example of foreshortening
bad proportions and perspective
very popular
known as Adoration of the Magi
made by Fabriano
extremely detailed
depicts many well-known figures
