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Italian Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

Proto-Renaissance

A

time period marked by advancement of culture, art, science, and exploration

pre-Renaissance period

occurred between 1300 AD and 1400 AD

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2
Q

Renaissance

A

time period marked by cultural revolution

translates to “rebirth” (French)

occurred between 1500 AD and 1600 AD

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3
Q

origin of Renaissance

A

Florence

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4
Q

Florence

A

small city in Italy

origin of Renaissance

1st city in Europe to recover from Black Death

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5
Q

causes of Renaissance

A

humanism

Black Death

fall of Constantinople (brain drain)

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6
Q

humanism

A

belief that all human beings have value

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7
Q

Petrarch

A

Florentine Papal secretary

leading figure in push for humanism

preached that education has ability to improve human condition

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8
Q

message preached by Petrarch

A

education has ability to improve human condition

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9
Q

bubonic plague

A

disease from Asia which quickly killed many Europeans

spread extremely easily and quickly

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10
Q

Black Death

A

bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe between 1346 and 1343

killed 30% of European population

killed 70% of Florentine population

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11
Q

effects of Black Death on Europe

A

killed 30% of European population

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12
Q

effects of Black Death on Florence

A

killed 70% of Florentine population

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13
Q

economic effects of Black Death

A

immediately hurt economy by killing many workers

gradually helped economy as population recovered

growth of middle class allows people to spend money on more than just necessities

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14
Q

fall of Constantinople

A

invasion of Roman capital by Persians in 1453

caused brain drain to Florence

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15
Q

brain drain

A

emigration of educated people from a particular city or area

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16
Q

effects of fall of Constantinople

A

helped Florence’s economy

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17
Q

psychological realism

A

style of art which depicts emotions on faces

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18
Q

perspective

A

art tool used to create illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface

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19
Q

Marco Polo

A

trader who went to China

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20
Q
A

known as Maestà Altarpiece

made by Duccio

depicts Madonna and child

Jesus always had gold plate around head

depicts Denial of Peter

no perspective

bad proportion

21
Q
A

known as The Lamentation

made by Giotto

depicts burial of Jesus

blue sky was unique

example of psychological realism

composition of mountains directs attention to Jesus

depicts Saint Francis

22
Q

Saint Francis

A

patron saint of animals and environment

23
Q
A

known as Triumph of Death

made by Traini

depicts Black Death

noses covered to mask smell of dead bodies

24
Q
A

known as Annunciation

made by Simone Martini

Medieval style (although painted during Renaissance)

Mary depicted in blue

John depicted in red

25
De Medici
richest family in world during Renaissance banking family lent money to Pope and kings
26
guild
group of owners who organize to set prices and quality standards similar to lobbyist group
27
strongest guild in Florence during Renaissance
wool merchants guild
28
competition
competition between artists in guild in Florence
29
**known as *Gates of Paradise*** **made by Lorenzo Ghiberti** made of bronze (covered in now-fading gold) name comes from poem by Michelangelo
30
**known as *John the Baptist*** **made by Lorenzo Ghiberti** depicts John the Baptist wearing camel-fur sweater winner of sculpture competition at Orsanmichele
31
Orsanmichele
religious structure sponsored by guilds of Florence site of numerous sculpture competitions
32
**known as *David*** **made by Donatello** depicts David wearing the "official stupid hat of Florence" intentionally appears weak intentionally has feminine posterior first life-size nude statue in like 2,000 years contrapposto owner got in trouble for nudeness celebration of Florence's unexpected victory over Milan
33
**known as *Gattamelata*** **made by Donatello** life-size equestrian statue made of bronze depicts soldier of fortune and warfare between cities out of proportion
34
Verocchio
painter and sculptor during Renaissance teacher of Leonardo da Vinci
35
Brunelleschi
best architect during Renaissance friend of Lorenzo Ghiberti inventor of mathematical perspective
36
**known as *Pazzi Chapel*** **designed by Brunelleschi** made for 2nd richest family in world during Renaissance has classical influences
37
**known as *Hospital of Innocents*** **redesigned by Brunelleschi** established by wealthy people to help poor people redesigned facade for added symmetry has fake windows
38
**known as *Domes of Florence Cathedral*** **designed by Brunelleschi** added after construction of Florence Cathedral breaks every rule of architecture ribs added to domes
39
**known as *The* *Trinity* or *The Holy Trinity*** **made by Masaccio** perspective is used people who bought painting can be seen at bottom of composition
40
**known as *Palazzo Davanzati*** **designed by Brunelleschi** home for wealthy people during Renaissance ugly exterior stones due to regulations on showing off wealth during Renaissance
41
momento mori
reminder that rich people and poor people all end up dead eventually
42
**known as *Tribute Money*** **designed by Masaccio** located within Brancacci Chapel within church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence depicts Peter paying taxes with money from mouth of fish
43
**known as *Resurrection*** **made by Piero** most famous depiction of resurrection produced during Renaissance has triangular composition symmetrical left side of composition represents dead world right side of composition represents living world
44
**known as *The Last Supper*** **made by Castagno** located in cafeteria of monastery perspective is used focal point is Judas
45
**known as *David*** **made by Castagno** located in National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. shows both before and after painted on shield (never used in battle)
46
foreshortening
method of rendering specific object or figure in picture in depth
47
**known as *Annunciation*** **made by Fra Angelico** example of foreshortening bad proportions and perspective very popular
48
**known as *Adoration of the Magi*** **made by Fabriano** extremely detailed depicts many well-known figures

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