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×Art History > Ancient World Art > Flashcards

Ancient World Art Flashcards

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1
Q

art

A

creative and unique expression

form of communication

anything intended to be art

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2
Q

medium

media

A

material used to make art

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3
Q

aesthetics

A

study of beauty

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4
Q

elements of art

A

line

value (light)

form (shape)

space

color

composition

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5
Q

functions of art in society

A

entertainment

invoke emotion

religious purposes

honoring or remembering people

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6
Q

Paleolithic era

A

old stone age

35,000 to 10,000 years ago

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7
Q

animism

A

belief that all things have a spiritual or non-physical component

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8
Q

climate of Paleolithic era

A

ice age

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9
Q

clothing of Paleolithic era

A

animal skins

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10
Q

shelter of Paleolithic era

A

teepee

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11
Q
A

known as Cave of Lascaux or Hall of Bulls

from Paleolithic era

located in modern-day France

found by European archaeologist on vacation

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12
Q
A

known as Chauvet

from Paleolithic era

found sometime around 1995

thought to be painting for hunters to capture spirits of animals

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13
Q

characteristics of Paleolithic sculptures

A

portability

functionality

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14
Q

common media of Paleolithic sculptures

A

stone

bone

wood

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15
Q
A

known as Carved Bison

from Paleolithic era

carved with stone into hip bone of animal

depicts bison scratching itself with nose

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16
Q

venus figure

venus figurine

A

small sculptures of generic women

found over span of 3,000 miles

usually depicts big bodies with round curves

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17
Q
A

known as Venus of Willendorf

from Paleolithic era

4.5 inches tall

found by machine operator in gravel pit

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18
Q

neolithic era

A

new stone age

approximately 10,000 years ago

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19
Q

Neolithic Revolution

A

wide-scale transition from lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement

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20
Q

changes from the Neolithic Revolution

A

agriculture

domestication of animals

sedentarism

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21
Q

agriculture

A

science and art of cultivating plants and livestock

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22
Q

domestication of animals

A

mutual relationship between animals and the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction

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23
Q

sedentarism

A

practice of living in one place for a long time

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24
Q

5 side effects of agriculture in the Neolithic Revolution

A

invention of tools for the soil

invention of irrigation

invention of scythe or sickle

invention of grindstone

use of ceramics

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25
Q

5 side effects of domestication of animals in the Neolithic Revolution

A

invention of shears

invention of spindle

invention of loom

use of dairy technology

invention of tack

invention of wheel

invention of fences

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26
Q

5 side effects of sedentarism in the Neolithic Revolution

A

popularization of permanent shelter

invention of government

invention of laws

use of trade

popularization of craft specialization

use of war in conflicts

spread of disease

invention of writing methods

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27
Q

tack

A

leather riding gear

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28
Q

Çatal Häyük

Çatalhöyük

A

very large Neolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia

located in modern-day turkey

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29
Q

megalith

A

large stone used in neolithic sculpture and architecture

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30
Q

Jericho

A

oldest continually-inhabited city in world

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31
Q
A

known as Stonehenge

from Neolithic era

used as way of keeping track of time

found in England

made of megaliths

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32
Q

myths about stonehenge

A

built by giants

serves as tomb of Uther Pendragon

Site of Tess of the D’Uberville’s downfall

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33
Q
A

known as Easter Island Megalithic Head

from Neolithic era

thought to have been built by sailors from other islands

used to have hats upon heads (knocked off over time)

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34
Q
A

known as African Ceremonial Mask

from Neolithic era

found in Western Africa

used for dancing rituals to send people into trance

forbidden to be seen by women in use

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35
Q
A

known as Nkisi Kondi Figure

from Neolithic era

used for healing by driving nails into figure to drive spirit out of sick people

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36
Q
A

known as Mesa Verde Cliff-Palace

from Neolithic era

located in modern-day southwest Colorado

built by farmers in Pueblo tribes

not intended to be art

abandoned about 1,000 years ago

had kivas

37
Q

kiva

A

subterranean rooms are found among ruins in the North-American South-West

used by Puebloans

38
Q

petroglyph

A

Neolithic rock writing

39
Q
A

known as Chaco Canyon or Pueblo Bonito

from Neolithic era

built on plane of the ecliptic

had window openings made of wood

reflection of path of sun

40
Q

significance of wood usage in Chaco Canyon

A

nearest trees were located 100 miles away

41
Q

transportation of wood in construction of Chaco Canyon

A

usage of ropes holding up tree trunk with 1 person on each end

42
Q
A

known as Casa Rinconada or Ring House

from Neolithic era

sacred place for Native Americans

43
Q
A

known as Santa Clara Pottery

from Neolithic era

uniquely patterned based on village

44
Q

2 major geographical features of Egypt

A

desert

Nile River

45
Q

pharaoh

A

ruler of Egypt during dynastic periods

46
Q

dynasty

A

rulership by single family from generation-to-generation

47
Q

relief sculpture

relief carving

A

sculpture on 2-dimensional surface

48
Q

symbol

A

concrete representation of abstract concept

49
Q

heiroglyph

A

Egyptian picture writing

50
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

inscription that enabled hieroglyphics to be deciphered

contract written in 2 languages

51
Q
A

known as Palette of Narmer

from Old Kingdom (Egypt)

example of relief carving

depicts image of Narmer

52
Q

Narmer

A

1st pharaoh of Egypt

unified upper Egypt and lower Egypt

53
Q

symbols found in Palette of Narmer

A

vulture (upper Egypt)

papyrus (lower Egypt)

54
Q

mastaba

A

Egyptian blocky rectangular structure

forerunner to pyramid

55
Q
A

known as Pyramid of Zoser

from Old Kingdom (Egypt)

oldest stone building in world

designed by Imhotep

56
Q
A

known as Pyramid of Meidum

from Old Kingdom (Egypt)

started out as mastaba (finished as pyramid because it would not be able to hold its own weight)

57
Q
A

known as Great Pyramids of Giza

from Old Kingdom (Egypt)

only sustaining structure of 7 Wonders of the World

symbol of Egyptian power

58
Q
A

known as The Sphinx

from Old Kingdom (Egypt)

nose thought to be cut off during Muslim rule

beard kept in museum in London

59
Q
A

known as Portrait of Chephren or Portrait of Khafre

from Old Kingdom (Egypt)

shows guy who commissioed The Sphinx

made of diarite (super strong and durable)

60
Q
A

known as Ra-Hotep and Nofret

from Old Kingdom (Egypt)

depicts brother of builder of biggest pyramid

contrast between skin of man and woman is sign of wealth

61
Q
A

known as Temple of Hatshepsut

from New Kingdom (Egypt)

located in Valley of Queens

built for Hatshepsut (first female pharaoh)

62
Q

Amenhotep III

A

pharaoh of Egypt

ruled during Egypt’s prime (geographically)

63
Q

wife of Amenhotep III

A

Queen Tiye

64
Q

successor to Amenhotep III

A

Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV)

65
Q

Akhenaten

Amenhotep IV

A

successor to Amenhotep III

beaten with ugly stick

did a bunch of crazy things

66
Q

wife of Akenhaten

A

Nefertiti

67
Q
A

known as Bust of Nefertiti

from New Kingdom (Egypt)

kept in German museum

kept in very good condition (relative to age)

missing eye

68
Q

ka

A

spiritual component of dead Egyptians

housed in container along with mummy in tomb

69
Q

ushabti

A

small Egyptian statue of servant figure engaged in various activities

brought to life in afterlife to serve deceased

70
Q

canopic urn

A

container used to store organs of mummified individuals

71
Q
A

known as Funeral Mask of King Tut or Funeral Mask of King Tutankhamun

from New Kingdom (Egypt)

only Egyptian pharaoh tomb found intact

found by accidental landslide

72
Q

Ramses The Great

A

pharaoh when Jews were enslaved

73
Q
A

known as Abu Simbel

from New Kingdom (Egypt)

depicts 3 gods

rock-cut temple

light shines into back of temple 2 days per year

74
Q

literal definition of “Mesopotamia”

A

“land between the rivers”

75
Q

geography of Mesopotamia

A

located between Tigris River and Euphrates River

located in modern-day Iraq

76
Q

nickname for “Mesopotamia”

A

“cradle of civilization”

77
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A

oldest surviving piece of literature

tells story of Gilgamesh and other Mesapotamian gods’ jealousy

78
Q

Cuneiform

A

Mesopotamian writing system

79
Q

Ziggurat

A

large mud brick structures that served as central spaces in Sumerian cities

80
Q
A

known as Great Ziggurat at Ur

from Mesopotamia

temple for solar god

served as religious and political center of society

81
Q
A

known as Ram in a Thicket, Goat in a Bush, or whatever else you want to call it

from Mesopotamia

nobody says “thicket” anymore

“davenport” means “sofa” which means “couch”

82
Q
A

known as Head of Akkadian Ruler

from Mesopotamia

thought to have been placed on wood statue

has damaged nose

83
Q
A

known as Stele of Naram-Sin

from Mesopotamia

example of relief carving

big slab of stone

depicts conquest of enemy

84
Q
A

known as Stele of Hammurabi

from Mesopotamia

symbolic of Babylonian laws from God

made of imported stone

85
Q
A

known as Lion Hunt Relief

from Mesopotamia

example of relief carving

depicts ruler shooting lions

form of propoganda

sympathetic to lion coughing up blood

86
Q
A

known as Winged Bull of Khorsabad

from Mesopotamia

wings are symbolic of supernaturalness

87
Q
A

known as Ishrar Gate

from Mesopotamia

neo-Babylonian

constructed with glazed bricks (mostly blue)

equal to worth in gold at time of construction

88
Q
A

known as Portrait of Amenhotep IV or Portrait of Akhenaten

from New Kingdom (Egypt)

example of relief carving

beaten with the ugly stick

×Art History (7 decks)

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