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×Art History > Etruscan, Roman, and Medieval Art > Flashcards

Etruscan, Roman, and Medieval Art Flashcards

1
Q

Virgil

A

great Roman epic poet

author of the Aeneid

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2
Q

Aeneid

A

story of Trojan Prince Aeneas and eventual founding of Rome

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3
Q

necropolis

A

city of the dead

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4
Q

source of everything we know about Etruscan civilization

A

necropolises

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5
Q

terra cotta

A

translates to “red clay” or “red earth” (Latin)

used by Etruscans for sculpture

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6
Q
A

known as Cinerary Urn

from Etruscan civilization

head indicates gender

used to hold ashes

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7
Q
A

known as Sarcophagus of the Spouses

from Etruscan civilization

culture contact with Greece (Archaic smile)

made of terra cotta

shows spouses feeding each other on couch

approximately 7 feet long

fired in 2 pieces

used as coffin

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8
Q
A

known as Chimera or Chimera of Arezzo

from Etruscan civilization

depicts lion with goat head and snake tail

made of bronze

found in ruins of temple in Florence

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9
Q
A

known as Apollo from Veii

from Etruscan civilization

culture contact with Greece (Archaic smile and kore/korous stance)

made of terra cotta

non-funerary art

from Etruscan city of Veii

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10
Q
A

known as She-Wolf

from Etruscan civilization

found all over Rome

kids were added later on

wolf milk was said to make babies super strong

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11
Q

characteristics of Etruscan paintings

A

placement limited to tombs

use of bright colors

lack of proportionality

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12
Q
A

known as Tomb of the Lioness

from Etruscan civilization

culture contact with Egypt (man painted as red and women painted as pale)

culture contact with Greece (shape of vases)

tomb fresco

depicts afterlife as joyful

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13
Q

Roman contributions to modern society

A

pavement

republic government

Gregorian calendar

alphabet

language roots

architecture

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14
Q

4 developments that made Romans the bee’s knees of building (and how)

A

arch (allowed for building higher than ever before)

vault (allowed for building really big rooms)

dome (allowed for building really big rooms)

concrete (allowed for building stronger and more durable buildings)

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15
Q
A

known as Aquaduct at Pont du Gard

from Roman civilization

used arches

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16
Q
A

known as Basilica of Constantine

from Roman civilization

used vaults

used as public gathering space

could fit 9 Mercyhurst Preparatory School campuses inside

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17
Q
A

known as Pantheon

from Roman civilization

used dome

commissioned by Hadrian (credit given to Marcus Agrippa)

used as temple

rain does not fall in hole in ceiling

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18
Q
A

known as Colosseum

from Roman civilization

made of concrete

commissioned by Flavian dynasty

used to be covered in marble (stolen to build Saint Peter’s Basilica)

used to host fights between gladiators and/or animals

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19
Q

domus

A

translates to “house” (Latin)

style of single-family townhouse occupied by upper classes in ancient Rome

found in almost all major cities throughout Roman territories

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20
Q

insula

A

translates to “island” (Latin)

city block or apartment house in ancient Roman cities

typically constructed of brick or concrete

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21
Q

narrative relief

A

sculpture on a 2-dimensional surface that tells a story

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22
Q

orator pose

A

pose used in Roman sculpture to depict great speaker or politician

depicts person with hand raised to show speaking

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23
Q
A

known as L’arringatore or The Orator

from Roman civilization

depicts Roman senator

depicts orator pose

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24
Q

characteristics of republican portraiture

A

concern for reality over beauty

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25
**known as *Augusta of Primaporta*** **from Roman civilization** republican portrait depicts orator pose depicts idealized rendition of Augustus relief carving shown on breast plate found in ruins of a house barefootedness symbolizes divinity
26
characteristics of Roman imperial portraiture
implication of personality through expression heavy influence from Greece
27
**known as *Bust of Hadrian*** **from Roman civilization** imperial portrait depics Hadrian with beard
28
Hadrian
Roman emporer from 117 AD to 138 AD grecophile Antinous's boyfriend
29
perception of beards in Roman civilization
associated with barbarians
30
perception of beards in ancient Greek civilization
associated with philosophers associated with wisdom
31
**known as *Portrait of Antinous*** **from Roman civilization** imperial portrait
32
Antinous
Hadrian's boyfriend metrosexual (not strongly masculine) drowned to death
33
**known as *Equestrian Portrait of Marcus Aurelius*** **from Roman civilization** imperial portrait falsely believed to be Constantine (otherwise would have been destroyed by Christians) last equestrian statue made for 1200 years
34
**known as *Colossal Bust of Constantine* or *Colossus of Constantine*** **from Roman civilization** imperial portrait super huge has weird-ass lizard eyes
35
Constantine
Roman emporer from 306 AD to 336 AD moved capital of Rome to Constantinople populist legalized Christianity in Rome
36
primary function of narrative reliefs in Roman civilization
propaganda
37
**known as *Trajan's Column*** **from Roman civilization** narrative relief (length of 2 football fields if unraveled) mausoleum for Trajan family paint has worn off (slightly evident in cracks) Borowicz likes *Column of Marcus Aurelius* better
38
**known as *Triumphal Arch of Constantine*** **from Roman civilization** covered with narrative reliefs (stolen from other triumphal arches) memorializes Battle of Milvian Bridge
39
**known as *Ara Pacis*** **from Roman civilization** animal style name can be translated to "altar of peace" (Latin) dedicated to Caesar's family
40
Pompeii
Roman resort city buried by volcano in 79 AD well-preserved (due to ash from eruption of volcano)
41
Pax Romana
translates to "Roman peace" (Latin) extended period of peace and prosperity in Rome initiated by Augustus lated roughly 200 years
42
**known as *Alexander Mosaic*** **from Roman civilization** culture contact with Greece (depiction of Alexander the Great and copy of Hellenistic painting) floor mosaic found in Pompeii (in House of the Faun)
43
significance of owning mosaics in Roman civilization
indication of wealth
44
**known as *Still Life with Jar and Peaches* or *Peaches and Glass Jar*** **from Roman civilization** fresco very realistic feels like a shelf
45
**known as *Villa of Mysteries* or *Scenes of a Dionysiac Mystery Cult*** **from Roman civilization** culture contact with Greece (depicts religious ceremony dedicated to Dionysus) villa-house of wealthy family
46
effects of moving capital of Rome to Constantinople
beginning of Dark Ages Rome becomes poor and dilapidated rich and powerful people move to Constantinople
47
Saint Augustine
former Bishop of Hippo Regius author of *City of God*
48
catacomb
underground passageway used as burial spaces and secret meeting places for Christians during periods of persecution
49
Charlemagne
Frankish ruler who became Holy Roman Emporer on Chrismas Day in 800 AD reign had been marked by fluorescence of culture illiterate loved books employer of guy who invented lower-case letters
50
Crusades
"holy wars" undertaken to recover Holy Land from "infadels" began in 1095 led to cultural exchanges between Muslims and Europeans
51
*Catacomb Fresco*
**from Medieval era** any bad painting you see on test
52
illuminated manuscript
hand-copied and hand-painted book usually of religious nature largely produced in monasteries and scriptoriums
53
**known as *Book of Kells*** **from Medieval era** illuminated manuscript religion forbade drawing anything that casts shadow really intricate
54
**known as *Lindisfarne Gospels*** **from Medieval era** illuminated manuscript depicts interwoven snakes located in British Library in London
55
**known as *Bayeux Tapestry*** **from Medieval era** like 120 feet long (only small section is shown) used for insulation Borowicz thinks it sucks only studied because it retells Norman conquest of England in 1066
56
**known as *Unicorn Tapestry*** **from Medieval era** blood was believed to make people live forever unicorn horn represents penis
59
**known as *Reliquary of Saint James*** **from Medieval era** located in Spain pilgrimage site Borowicz ain't so sure it's really Saint James's bones
60
**known as *Sutton Hoo Purse Cover*** **from Medieval era** animal style assembled from different sources
61
**known as *Oseburg Prow* or *Animal Head from the Oseburg Ship Burial*** **from Medieval era** animal style originally located on bow of Viking ship
62
**known as *Gero Crucifix*** **from Medieval era** compassionate view of Christ inspired by Middle Byzantine art
63
* Central Plan Churches* * Basilican Plan Churches*
**from Medieval era** circular
64
**known as *Sta. Apollinare in Classe*** **from Medieval era** similar to Roman churches (use of arches and vaults) heavy use of mosaics on interior
65
**known as *Saint Sernin*** **from Medieval era** has vault across church looks like crucifix from
66
**known as *Pisa Cathedral*** **from Medieval era** leaning tower has 3 vaults
69
relic
piece, belonging, or clothing of saint believed to have magical powers located within every altar in every church
70
reliquary
box used to hold relics became way to make money

×Art History (7 decks)

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