Issues and debates Flashcards
Alpha bias
when differences between genders are overstated
Androcentrism
A male-centred view, sees males as the ‘norm’
Beta bias
when the differences between genders is ignored
Biological determinism
all human behaviour is determined by genetics
Biological reductionism
The idea that behaviour can be reduced to simple physical components, such as genes and nerves
Cultural Bias
To view a culture from an internal perspective, and not your own
determinism
the idea that everything has a cause, and is predetermined
environmental determinism
the idea that all human behaviour is influences by environmental (external) forces
environmental reductionism
behaviour can be reduced to simple cause and effect - stimulus response
ethnocentrism
the bias towards your own culture, and judging other cultures with this perspective
hard determinism
the idea that free will is non-existent, and all choices and behaviour are due to pre-existent caused.
holism
views the person as a whole, focus on the individual
idiographic approach
a type of learning approach that believes that we should look at the unique experiences of each individual to understand human behaviour
interactionist approach
the idea that all human behaviour has multiple causes that stem from the simplest causes (genes) to complex causes (social and cultural influences)
nomothetic approach
a type of learning approach that suggests that we should establish general laws of behaviour that can be applied to all
psychic determinism
the idea that all human behaviour is a result of unconscious mental processes
reductionism
a type of learning approach which suggests that we must reduce human behaviour to its simplest parts in order to understand it
soft determinism
the idea that although we have limited and predetermined choices, he have the free will to decide within these choices.
Universality
The aim to develop theories that apply to all people, which may include
real differences. This describes any underlying characteristic of human behaviour which
can be applied to all individuals, regardless of their differences.
Culture
The rules, customs, morals and ways of interacting that bind together members
of a society or some other collection of people.
Cultural relativism
The view that behaviour, morals, standards and values cannot be
judged properly unless they are viewed in the context of the culture in which they
originate.
Emic approaches
an approach which emphasises the distinction of
uniqueness in every culture
