Issue 2

Question 1

Define colonialism.

Answer 1

Control by one power over a dependent area or people, for the home country’s own use.

• Establishment of a colony
• Forcing language/culture

Question 2

Define imperialism.

Answer 2

The policy of using power or influence to control another culture.

Colonialism is a type of this. One country taking over another region by force. A projection of power.

Question 3

Colonial powers often claimed they were civilizing “barbaric” nations. How did this justification impact the perception of colonialism, and how did the Indigenous respond to such claims?

Answer 3

They had a “legal and religious obligation”. Argued that they acted in the best interests of those whose lands/people they exploited. Thus, they felt no remorse.

Indigenous staged violent and violent resistance.

Question 4

There are both benefits and harm associated with colonialism. Identify specific ones and compare why they might vary.

Answer 4

Pros: disseminated medical/technological knowledge, encouraged literacy, adoption of Western Human Rights Standards
Cons: Environmental degradation, spreading of disease, economic instability, ethnic rivalries, Human Rights Violations

Depends where.

Question 5

What are some examples of the long-lasting effects of colonialism?

Answer 5

• Destruction of the Amazon Rainforest
• The rate of incarceration is higher for First Nations: marginalization
• Extinction from disease

Question 6

Compare colonialism and imperialism.

Answer 6

(c) one type of imperialism
(c) movement of people to the colony
(c) expanding control by setting up colonies
(c) starts with a land already settled by another people
(c) assimilation and coercion
(c) governs outside its borders
(c) TOTAL COUNTRY CONTROL

(i) “Empire Building”
(i) Empires project power
(i) taking over by a stronger force
(i) Settlers from their home country don’t necessarily move
(i) native people keep culture, but very low in the social hierarchy
(i) seeks dominance
(i) influence them, direct or indirect
(i) extends authority, subduing nations
EX: STAR WARS

Question 7

When did colonialism take place?

Answer 7

Late Renaissance, building empires of EU.

Question 8

What is cultural contact?

Answer 8

Interaction of two or more independent cultures

Question 9

What is worldview?

Answer 9

A philosophy of life and a way of seeing the world. First Nations and Europeans have different ways of doing this.

Question 10

What is mercantilism?

Answer 10

An economy theory rejects free trade, promoting government regulation in the economy. Was the economic policies of European countries at the time.
- Ensure the colony’s profitability
- Ensure to strengthening colonizing nation

A finite amount of wealth. More exports than imports. Countries compete for wealth and lots of government intervention.

Question 11

What is colonial mercantilism?

Answer 11

Designed to benefit colonizing nations:
- colonies were rich in raw materials
- cheap labour
- colonial royalty to have government
- control of shipping trade

Monopolies are handed out to companies for the most profitability. Resources go to the home country, and the home country sells to this company.

Question 12

What is a protectorate colony?

Answer 12

A country has its own government but policies are guided by an imperial power in exchange for protection.

Question 13

What is direct control of a colony?

Answer 13

Direct control of another country.

Question 14

What is a Sphere of Influence colony?

Answer 14

Exclusive privileges that an imperial power has (e.g. trading) (ex: Banana Republics).

Question 15

What is industrialization?

Answer 15

“to make by machine”. Caused social, cultural, and technological changes.

Question 16

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 16

1750-1850: The industry became mechanized and it started in the UK. Jumpstarted from the steam engine.
+ Economically - Suffering in people

Question 17

What is marginalization?

Answer 17

A group excluded from society i.e. other races making decisions

Question 18

When was the period of decolonization?

Answer 18

1900s

Question 19

What were Files du Roy and what do they have tied to imperialism and colonialism?

Answer 19

They were French lady orphans and the French moved them from their mother empire to colonies in North America.

Question 20

What was the Silk Road?

Answer 20

Expansive trade routes connected Asia and Europe. Spices, porcelain, silk, knowledge, and religion were traded. It connected cultures.

Question 21

What was the Columbian Exchange/The Grand Exchange?

Answer 21

Intercontinental trade of resources that has changed the world (1492).
- Columbus thought FN were Indians
- Transfer of disease, ideas, foods, crops, microbes, people
- Environmental transformation; changed to growing sugar (for EU)
- Native Americans as slaves (dead), African Americans as slaves (exchange of people)
- Overpopulation resulting from calorically dense foods resulted in the movement of people from the EU to the NA

Question 22

What were the key themes for European Migration?

Answer 22

God, Glory, and Gold

Question 23

What were some technological innovations that helped Europeans get to North America?

Answer 23

Compasses, carvels, astrolabe. Also, large trading between the New and Old World.

Question 24

What is capitalism?

Answer 24

Industry (private ownership) is for profit and free trade. Influenced by the invisible hand of supply and demand.

Question 25

Name the types of policies in imperialism.

Answer 25

1. Direct rule: total government control at all levels
   (Paternalism) protecting a colony as a father would protect his child
   (Assimilation) cultures are absorbed by the parent country (policies of French, Portuguese, and Germans)
2. Indirect rule: does not replace traditional governments and allows for more independence.
   (Example) The British Policy: had too many colonies to assimilate them all

Question 26

What’s the triangle of trade?

Answer 26

Africa to NA: Slaves
NA to EU: Crops
EU to Africa: Finished Goods