Issue 2 Flashcards
Define colonialism.
Control by one power over a dependent area or people, for the home country’s own use.
- Establishment of a colony
- Forcing language/culture
Define imperialism.
The policy of using power or influence to control another culture.
Colonialism is a type of this. One country taking over another region by force. A projection of power.
Colonial powers often claimed they were civilizing “barbaric” nations. How did this justification impact the perception of colonialism, and how did the Indigenous respond to such claims?
They had a “legal and religious obligation”. Argued that they acted in the best interests of those whose lands/people they exploited. Thus, they felt no remorse.
Indigenous staged violent and violent resistance.
There are both benefits and harm associated with colonialism. Identify specific ones and compare why they might vary.
Pros: disseminated medical/technological knowledge, encouraged literacy, adoption of Western Human Rights Standards
Cons: Environmental degradation, spreading of disease, economic instability, ethnic rivalries, Human Rights Violations
Depends where.
What are some examples of the long-lasting effects of colonialism?
- Destruction of the Amazon Rainforest
- The rate of incarceration is higher for First Nations: marginalization
- Extinction from disease
Compare colonialism and imperialism.
(c) one type of imperialism
(c) movement of people to the colony
(c) expanding control by setting up colonies
(c) starts with a land already settled by another people
(c) assimilation and coercion
(c) governs outside its borders
(c) TOTAL COUNTRY CONTROL
(i) “Empire Building”
(i) Empires project power
(i) taking over by a stronger force
(i) Settlers from their home country don’t necessarily move
(i) native people keep culture, but very low in the social hierarchy
(i) seeks dominance
(i) influence them, direct or indirect
(i) extends authority, subduing nations
EX: STAR WARS
When did colonialism take place?
Late Renaissance, building empires of EU.
What is cultural contact?
Interaction of two or more independent cultures
What is worldview?
A philosophy of life and a way of seeing the world. First Nations and Europeans have different ways of doing this.
What is mercantilism?
An economy theory rejects free trade, promoting government regulation in the economy. Was the economic policies of European countries at the time.
- Ensure the colony’s profitability
- Ensure to strengthening colonizing nation
A finite amount of wealth. More exports than imports. Countries compete for wealth and lots of government intervention.
What is colonial mercantilism?
Designed to benefit colonizing nations:
- colonies were rich in raw materials
- cheap labour
- colonial royalty to have government
- control of shipping trade
Monopolies are handed out to companies for the most profitability. Resources go to the home country, and the home country sells to this company.
What is a protectorate colony?
A country has its own government but policies are guided by an imperial power in exchange for protection.
What is direct control of a colony?
Direct control of another country.
What is a Sphere of Influence colony?
Exclusive privileges that an imperial power has (e.g. trading) (ex: Banana Republics).
What is industrialization?
“to make by machine”. Caused social, cultural, and technological changes.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
1750-1850: The industry became mechanized and it started in the UK. Jumpstarted from the steam engine.
+ Economically - Suffering in people
What is marginalization?
A group excluded from society i.e. other races making decisions
When was the period of decolonization?
1900s
What were Files du Roy and what do they have tied to imperialism and colonialism?
They were French lady orphans and the French moved them from their mother empire to colonies in North America.
What was the Silk Road?
Expansive trade routes connected Asia and Europe. Spices, porcelain, silk, knowledge, and religion were traded. It connected cultures.
What was the Columbian Exchange/The Grand Exchange?
Intercontinental trade of resources that has changed the world (1492).
- Columbus thought FN were Indians
- Transfer of disease, ideas, foods, crops, microbes, people
- Environmental transformation; changed to growing sugar (for EU)
- Native Americans as slaves (dead), African Americans as slaves (exchange of people)
- Overpopulation resulting from calorically dense foods resulted in the movement of people from the EU to the NA
What were the key themes for European Migration?
God, Glory, and Gold
What were some technological innovations that helped Europeans get to North America?
Compasses, carvels, astrolabe. Also, large trading between the New and Old World.
What is capitalism?
Industry (private ownership) is for profit and free trade. Influenced by the invisible hand of supply and demand.
