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t&p > islamic practises > Flashcards

islamic practises Flashcards

1
Q

what’s the definition of shahada?

A

the muslim declaration of faith

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2
Q

definition for salah/salat

A

prayer in arabic (second pillar of islam)

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3
Q

definition for zakat

A

a payment mande annually under islamic law that is used for charitable & religious purposes, usually 2.5% of ones savings

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4
Q

definition for sawm

A

fasting between sunrise and sunset during the month of ramadan

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5
Q

definition of hajj

A

the pilgrimage to mecca that every muslim must take at least once in their lives

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6
Q

definition for halal

A

lawful/permissable

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7
Q

definition for haram

A

forbidden/unlawful

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8
Q

definition for imam

A

the prayer leader of a mosque

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9
Q

definition for eid-al-fitr

A

a holiday of breaking fast at the end of ramadan

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10
Q

definition for eid-al-adha

A

the feast of the sacrifice, honouring the willingness of ibrahim to sacrifice his son, ishmael

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11
Q

what’s jummah (friday prayer)

A

a congregational midday prayer on fridays - considered special. all men expected to attend a mosque, women can if they want to too

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12
Q

definition for wudu (ablution)

A

ritual washing of face & feet before prayer

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13
Q

definition for qibla

A

the direction muslims face during prayer, towards the ka’aba in mecca

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14
Q

definition for kaaba

A

the shrine that ibrahim made after he was told to by allah, it is a sacred place and muslims circle it 7 times during hajj

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15
Q

definition for hijab

A

a religious headscarf/modest clothing worn by muslim women, covering the head & body

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16
Q

definition for iftar

A

a meal held at the end of the day during ramadan

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17
Q

what do people do in id-ul-fitr?

A
  • marks end of month-long fasting period of ramadan
  • origins trace back to muhammad redirecting celebration from pre-Islamic traditions in Madinah
  • celebrated for 1-3 days by gathering in mosques for special prayers
  • wear new/best clothes & homes are decorated
  • festivities include forgiving differences, helping less fortunate, enjoying special foods, remembering deceased by visiting cemeteries
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18
Q

what do people do in id-ul-adha?

A
  • known as “festival of sacrifice” or greater eid, commemorates prophet ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael for allah
  • celebrated on 10th day of dhul-hijjah, lasts four days
  • festival forms part of Hajj, but celebrated all over the world
  • begins w prayers in mosque - imam preaches service about sacrifice
  • animals slaughtered to remember Ibrahim’s sacrifice (but not allowed in britain)
  • england: some would buy animal from slaughterhouse & keep 1/3 of meat, 1/3 to friends/family, 1/3 to poor (or money given instead)
  • cards, presents, community celebrations often organised
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19
Q

what do shi’as do in ashura?

A
  • observe it as day of mourning, remembering tragic death of imam Hussein, prophet muhammad’s grandson, in battle of karbala
  • they indulge in fasting, physical expressions of grief (like floggings), donate to charity to signify connection to his suffering
  • re-enactments/plays performed to retell story of his death
  • London - go to Marble Arch for procession of mourning & listen to speeches
20
Q

what do sunni muslims do for ashura?

A
  • also celebrate it but refer to it as Day of Atonement & remember it as day when Israelites freed from egypt
  • some believe it remembers day Nuh left ark after flood
  • many fast voluntarily, give 2 charity, show kindness to family & poor, recite prayers, learn from Islamic scholars
  • not such an important festival or solemn an occasion as it is for Shi’as
21
Q

what are all the movements of a rak’ah in prayer?

A
  • standing: recite 1st chapter of Qur’an
  • bowing: say in Arabic “Glory be to my Lord who is the very greatest” 3 times
  • return to upright position - make recitation praising god
  • kneel: forehead, nose, hands, knees & toes touching floor (prostration)
  • sit: recite “god is the greatest”
  • once rak’ah complete, finish by saying “peace be upon you, and the mercy and blessings of God” to one other
22
Q

(types of prayer) prayer at home: muslims allowed to pray at home but must…

A

perform wudu

23
Q

why is prayer important?

A
  • it’s what God commanded Muslims to do
  • creates greater awareness of God
  • unites Muslims worldwide
24
Q

true or false: daily prayers are made up of one rak’ah

A

false, made up of a number of them

25
Q

what is a rak’ah?

A

a set sequence of actions and recitations (for prayer)

26
Q

what are the ten obligatory acts in shi’a islam?

A
  • ten duties - include all 5 pillars except shahadah which is covered separately
  • jihad
  • Khums
  • encouraging people to do what’s good
  • discouraging them from what’s wrong
  • tawallah: loving towards friends of God inc. muhammad & imams
  • tabarra: disassociating from enemies of God
27
Q

how many times to sunni muslims have to pray?

A

5 set times during a day - worked out from sunrise and sunset so change slightly each day

28
Q

how many times do shi’a muslims pray in a day?

A

often combine midday & afternoon prayers so they pray three times a day

29
Q

what is it important that muslims do before they pray?

A

wudu, need to be spiritually clean

30
Q

mosques have _ rooms set aside for washing (____ and ______)

A

mosques have 2 rooms set aside for washing (male and female)

31
Q

all mosques have a ______ which shows the _________ of Makkah from the mosque

A

all mosques have a mihrab which shows the direction of Makkah from the mosque

32
Q

who leads the prayers at a mosque?

A

an imam

33
Q

men and women pray at ____ ____ but in ________ _____

A

men and women pray at same time but in separate space

34
Q

why is zakah important?

A
  • acknowledges everything they own comes from God
  • literally means 2 purify or cleanse - charity helps to purify the soul by removing selfishness
35
Q

do all muslims have to give zakah?

A

no, only muslims w savings greater than certain figure (nisab) required to give zakah

36
Q

what is khums?

A
  • important part of shi’a islam
  • in addition to zakah, they donate 20% of excess income/earnings
  • half goes to shi’a religious leaders to be spent on things necessary for religion
  • half to poor
37
Q

which month of the islamic calendar is ramadan?

A

9th and most important

38
Q

what do muslims believe happened during ramadan?

A

qur’an started to be revealed to muhammad

39
Q

what do muslims do during ramadan?

A
  • fast during daylight hours for whole month (food & water)
  • also give up smoking & sex during daylight hours
40
Q

why is fasting during ramadan important?

A
  • focus is on god, for which purity of thought is required to cleanse the soul & free it from harm
  • requires self-discipline: muslims show they can sacrifice physical needs as evidence of submission to God
  • use Ramadan to remind selves of suffering & hunger of poor, and to give money as a result
41
Q

what happens during the Night of Power?

A
  • marks beginning of God’s revelation to Muhammad
  • Muslims devote themselves to prayers and studying Qur’an throughout the night if they can
  • believed prayers and stuff are more powerful during this night
42
Q

what are the origins of Hajj?

A
  • prophet Ibrahim told by God to take wife Hajira & son Ishmael to Arabia - then told to leave them on own for few days, but they ran out of food & water
  • H ran up 2 hills to look for help then prayed to God for help - I struck foot on ground & water gushed up (well of Zamzam). they then traded water for food & other supplies
  • Ibrahim returned & told by God to build a shrine (Ka’aba)
43
Q

what do muslims during hajj?

A
  • ihram: sacred state before Hajj - ritual washing, praying & putting on Ihram clothing
  • circling of Ka’aba: anti-clockwise 7 times & recite pilgrims prayer “Here I am. Oh Lord, at your service. Praise & blessings to you.”
  • Arafat: 13 mile walk/ride to Arafat (from Mina) where Muhammad preached his last sermon
  • pebbles at Mina: 3 stone walls called the Jamarat at Mins which represent the devil & temptation, they throw pebbles at walls to show rejection of evil
  • return to Makkah: circle Ka’aba 7 more times, then spend 2 more nights in Mina b4 Hajj ends
44
Q

why is Hajj important?

A
  • bc of spiritual transformation it can bring & greater awareness of God
  • teaches sincerity & humility, as well as inner peace. many believe it can lead to forgiveness of sins
  • shows self-discipline whilst emphasising unity & equality
  • ihram clothing ensures no distinction between rich/poor
  • reminds them of faith & examples set by I, I and H
45
Q

what do shi’as add to the shahadah?

A

the phrase ‘And Ali is the friend of God’ to demonstrate belief that Ali was true successor

46
Q

what is the shahadah? (like the literal words of it)

A

‘there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah’

47
Q

why is the shahadah important?

A
  • sincerely reciting this statement in front of Muslims is only requirement for joining Muslim community
  • said when a baby is born, and, if possible when someone dies
  • first & most important of 5 pillars but also foundation for other 4

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