Islamic politics in the Muslim Near East, c.1119-1149 Flashcards
Which regent of Aleppo had been murdered in 1117, allowing Il-Ghazi to take control?
Lu’lu
Which capable Fatimid vizier was killed by the Assassins in 1121?
Al-Afdal
At which battle in 1123 were the Fatimids decisively defeated, ending the threat from them for decades?
Yibneh
At which battle in June 1119 were the forces of Roger of Antioch annihilated in by Il-Ghazi?
Field of Blood
Which Aleppan preacher helped to raise the morale of Muslim forces before the Field of Blood?
Ibn al-Khashshab
Which vice did Il-Ghazi have that limited his appeal as a Muslim role model?
Alcoholism
At which battle in August 1119 were Il-Ghazi’s forces defeated by Baldwin II and Pons?
Hab
When did Il-Ghazi die, leading to the succession of his nephew Balak?
1122
Who captured Joscelin I of Edessa in 1122 and Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1123?
Balak
When was Baldwin II forced to abandon his siege of Aleppo after Aqsonqur’s arrival?
January 1125
Which ruler of Mosul was killed by the Assassins in 1126 shortly after being made ruler of Aleppo?
Aqsonqur
At which battle did Baldwin II defeat Aqsonqur in June 1125?
Azaz
Conflict between Joscelin I of Edessa and which other Frankish ruler prevented an attack on Aleppo in 1126?
Bohemond II
In what year did Zengi become the ruler of Mosul?
1127
In what year did Zengi become the de facto ruler of Aleppo?
1128
After whose death in 1128 were the Assassins/Nizari forced out of Damascus?
Tughtegin
Which military order joined the unsuccessful Frankish siege of Damascus in November 1129?
Templars
Which ruler of Damascus died from wounds inflicted by the Assassins in 1132?
Buri
Which warrior emerged as the de facto ruler of Damascus from 1132 until his death in 1149?
Unur
In what year did Zengi first besiege Damascus but was unsuccessful due to Unur’s actions?
1135
What was the only city in Muslim territory near Aleppo that defied Zengi by the end of 1135?
Homs
Which Frankish leader did Unur of Damascus’s forces capture and kill in March 1137?
Pons of Tripoli
At which battle in Summer 1137 did Zengi defeat a force led by Fulk of Jerusalem attempting to aid the County of Tripoli?
Ba’rin
Which ruler of Tripoli was temporarily captured by Zengi in Summer 1137?
Raymond II
Which Turkish forces attacked John II of Byzantium’s supply lines in Anatolia in 1138 whilst he besieged Shaizar?
Danishmends
Who murdered her son to prevent Zengi from gaining Damascus in 1135 but then married him in 1138?
Zumurrud
The garrison of which Muslim town were crucified by Zengi in 1139 even though he had sworn an oath to spare them?
Baalbek
Which key town did Zengi lose to Fulk in 1140 after Unur sided with the Franks against him?
Banias
In what year did Zengi besiege Damascus for a second time, again unsuccessfully?
1140
Which Muslim group gained Cadmus Castle in 1132 and Maysuf Castle in 1140?
Assassins
Which Great Seljuk Sultan from 1118 was too distracted by rivals and civil war to directly aid the Muslim Near East?
Ahmed Sanjar
Which rival Muslim Turkish dynasty were the greatest threat to Zengi as ruler of Mosul by the early 1140s?
Artuqids
Which ruler of Edessa had established an alliance with Zengi’s Artuqid enemies in Summer 1144?
Joscelin II
Where had Joscelin II taken up residence in late 1144 leaving Edessa vulnerable?
Turbessel
With whom had Joscelin II of Edessa fallen out by late 1144, reducing potential Frankish reinforcements?
Raymond of Antioch
What did Zengi portray the attack on Edessa to be part of to secure the support of Turcoman tribes?
Jihad
What did Zengi use to successfully undermine the walls of Edessa in December 1144?
sappers
When did Zengi capture the Frankish city of Edessa?
24 December 1144
When was Zengi murdered in his sleep by his own servant as he pushed his army towards Damascus?
September 1146
Which son of Zengi gained Aleppo and Edessa after his father’s death in 1146?
Nureddin
Which son of Zengi gained Mosul after his father’s death in 1146?
Sayf ad-Din
Which city did Nureddin recapture from Joscelin II’s opportunistic attack in late 1146?
Edessa
Which daughter of Unur of Damascus did Nureddin marry in 1147 as part of a new alliance?
Ismat
Which Seljuk Sultan of Rum’s forces defeated the German Second Crusade at 2nd Dorylaeum in October 1147?
Masud
Where did an alliance of Masud of Rum and the Danishmends defeat the French Second Crusaders in January 1148?
Mount Cadmus
The Second Crusade abandoned the siege of which city when they learnt that Nureddin’s forces were only days away?
Damascus
When did Nureddin and Unur assist Raymond II of Tripoli against his rival and cousin, Bertram?
September 1148
Where did Nureddin and Unur’s armies confront and kill Raymond of Antioch in June 1149?
Inab
When did cooperation between Aleppo and Damascus collapse upon the death of Unur?
August 1149
Which ruler of Damascus from August 1149 returned to an alliance with the Kingdom of Jerusalem?
Abaq
