Frankish governance of Outremer c.1099-c.1124

Question 1

Which Christians were in the county of Tripoli and the northernmost kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 1

Maronites

Question 2

Which Eastern Christians were numerous in the states of Antioch and Edessa?

Answer 2

Armenians

Question 3

Which followers of the Syrian Orthodox Church were on generally amicable terms with the Franks?

Answer 3

Jacobites

Question 4

Which ethnic group made up the majority of the population in the principality of Antioch?

Answer 4

Greeks

Question 5

Which historian argued that the Franks did integrate to a degree in that they shared villages with other Christians?

Answer 5

Ellenblum

Question 6

Which historian argued that Franks lived in the towns and separately from other groups?

Answer 6

Prawer

Question 7

What title was given to the heads of Muslim villages that ran their own communities?

Answer 7

ra’is

Question 8

What was established to deal with issues between Franks and non-Franks?

Answer 8

Cour de la Fonde

Question 9

Which group had no representation on the Cour de la Fonde that heavily favoured Franks?

Answer 9

Muslims

Question 10

What was paid by all non-Frankish people in Outremer?

Answer 10

Poll Tax

Question 11

What was the pre-1950s view that Franks and Muslims integrated and developed a shared culture?

Answer 11

Harmonious relationship

Question 12

Who resettled a group of Jacobites from east of the river Jordan to south of Jerusalem?

Answer 12

Baldwin I

Question 13

Which town in the kingdom of Jerusalem had a significant Jewish community?

Answer 13

Haifa

Question 14

Which crusader state had the largest concentration of Muslim inhabitants?

Answer 14

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Question 15

Which Frankish leader was married to an Armenian princess called Morphia?

Answer 15

Baldwin II

Question 16

What name is given to the districts in towns that were under the control of Italian city-states?

Answer 16

quarters

Question 17

What were many of the Italian city-states exempt from due to their role in capturing coastal cities?

Answer 17

Taxation

Question 18

What seems to have remained largely unaffected by wars between the Franks and the Muslims?

Answer 18

Trade

Question 19

What name had been given to non-Muslims who had paid tax for living under Islamic rule before the crusades?

Answer 19

dhimmis

Question 20

What percentage of compensation that would have been owed to a Frank was paid to non-Franks?

Answer 20

Fifty

Question 21

What role was never really fulfilled by Franks due to the position of native peoples in the rural economy?

Answer 21

Peasants

Question 22

Where were permanent Muslim populations relatively uncommon?

Answer 22

Towns

Question 23

What rural buildings were usually shared by the Franks and indigenous Christians?

Answer 23

Churches

Question 24

Where were strict punishments laid out to forbid sexual relations between Christians and Muslims in 1120?

Answer 24

Council of Nablus

Question 25

What was the punishment for males for sexual relationships with a woman of a different religion?

Answer 25

Castration

Question 26

Native non-Franks of which profession were particularly highly valued by the Franks?

Answer 26

Medical

Question 27

When were the Muslims expelled from or killed in Jerusalem?

Answer 27

July 1099

Question 28

What did Muslims not have to pay unlike the Franks?

Answer 28

Tithe

Question 29

What term was used to refer to the native settled Muslim inhabitants of Outremer?

Answer 29

Saracens

Question 30

What term was used to refer to Greek Orthodox Christians loyal to Byzantium?

Answer 30

Melkites

Question 31

What did Baldwin I appear to be quite relaxed about and even, to an extent, encourage?

Answer 31

Intermarriage

Question 32

Which city were Arab traders banned from living in?

Answer 32

Jerusalem

Question 33

Which patriarch of Jerusalem was reprimanded in 1114 for having performed a Christian-Muslim wedding?

Answer 33

Arnulf

Question 34

Which pope reprimanded the patriarch of Jerusalem in 1114 for performing a Christian-Muslim wedding?

Answer 34

Paschal II

Question 35

In which of the crusader states did the firth three counts all have Armenian wives?

Answer 35

County of Edessa

Question 36

Which part of a woman consenting to a sexual relationship with someone of a different religion was cut off?

Answer 36

Nose

Question 37

Which Greek patriarch of Antioch did Bohemond replace?

Answer 37

John the Oxite

Question 38

What were replaced with Latin ones resulting in enormous resentment by Greek Orthodox Christians?

Answer 38

Patriarchs

Question 39

What were imposed upon the Byzantine-backed Greek Orthodox priests?

Answer 39

Latin bishops

Question 40

In which year did the massacre of pilgrims at Easter and the military defeat to Il-Ghazi prompt the Templar’s creation?

Answer 40

1119

Question 41

When was the Hospitallers role in supporting sick pilgrims in Outremer first specifically recognised?

Answer 41

1113

Question 42

What function did the Hospitallers primarily provide to the Franks of Outremer until the 1130s?

Answer 42

Medical

Question 43

Which groups mostly aided Outremer by the end of the 1120s through raising money in the Latin West?

Answer 43

Military Orders

Question 44

What was the clash between killing and sin that was solved by sanctified violence such as joining a military order?

Answer 44

Knightly dilemma

Question 45

Which military order was founded in 1119, partly as an outlet for ‘lay piety’?

Answer 45

Templars

Question 46

What term refers to the religious practices and faith of those who were not in traditional holy orders?

Answer 46

Lay piety

Question 47

What religious order had predated the crusades but was refounded in 1113 and was increasingly military by 1130?

Answer 47

Hospitallers

Question 48

What Muslim military in 1119 victory created a response in the Latin West, prompting fresh crusading and the Templars?

Answer 48

Field of Blood

Question 49

Becoming a member of the Templars or Hospitallers was a means by which a knight could fight and enter a what?

Answer 49

Holy Order

Question 50

Which prominent Latin churchman wrote ‘In Praise of the New Knighthood’ in 1130 supporting the Templars?

Answer 50

Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 51

The long patriarchate of Bernard of Valence (1100-1135) aided stability in which otherwise unstable state?

Answer 51

Antioch

Question 52

Who helped secure the release of Raymond by Tancred (1100) and Bohemond by the Danishmends (1103)?

Answer 52

Bernard of Valence

Question 53

Bernard of Valence provided military support to assist Tancred at which battle in 1104?

Answer 53

Harran

Question 54

The conflict between Tancred and which Frankish ruler was resolved through Bernard of Valance’s efforts?

Answer 54

Baldwin II of Edessa

Question 55

Which pope encouraged the Venetian Crusade of 1122-24 and renewed crusading indulgences?

Answer 55

Calixtus II

Question 56

Which Patriarch of Jerusalem tried to take control of the city in 1100 and then tried to give it to Behemond in 1100?

Answer 56

Daimbert

Question 57

Which pope made the Hospitallers answerable only to the papacy (and not Frankish rulers) in 1113?

Answer 57

Honorius II

Question 58

With which head of the Jacobite Church did Bernard of Valence caused a dispute that was a problem for Antioch in 1118?

Answer 58

Athanasius

Question 59

Which patriarch attempted to reassert the idea of church rule in Jerusalem between 1128 and 1130?

Answer 59

Stephen

Question 60

Which Patriarch of Jerusalem assisted in the creation of the Templars and oversaw the 1124 siege of Tyre?

Answer 60

Warmund

Question 61

What were the Principality of Galilee, County of Jaffa and Lordships of Sidon and Montreal in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 61

Great fiefs

Question 62

Which class tended to live in the cities of the Kingdom of Jerusalem rather than their great country estates?

Answer 62

nobility

Question 63

What was composed of the bishops and nobles of the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 63

Haute Cour

Question 64

Which meeting formalised and codified many of the laws of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1120?

Answer 64

Council of Nablus

Question 65

Which great office had the supreme military function (under the king) in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 65

Constable

Question 66

Jerusalem, Nablus, Acre and (from 1124) Tyre were part of what in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 66

royal domain

Question 67

What did royal domain revenue, caravan tolls, dues from Bedouin shepherds and justice provide Kings of Jerusalem?

Answer 67

finance

Question 68

What major tax for kings of Jerusalem came from harbour dues at Acre?

Answer 68

the chaine

Question 69

What tax of goods sold in the city of Jerusalem was very profitable to its kings?

Answer 69

the plateaticum

Question 70

Who administered royal finances and dispensed justice in the king’s place in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 70

Seneschal

Question 71

Who was second in command to the Constable and inspected arms and equipment in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 71

Marshal

Question 72

Who dealt with drawing up deeds and charters and directed the diplomatic service in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

Answer 72

Chancellor