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13ACD: Age of the Crusades, c.1071-1149 > Frankish governance of Outremer c.1099-c.1124 > Flashcards

Frankish governance of Outremer c.1099-c.1124 Flashcards

1
Q

Which Christians were in the county of Tripoli and the northernmost kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Maronites

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2
Q

Which Eastern Christians were numerous in the states of Antioch and Edessa?

A

Armenians

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3
Q

Which followers of the Syrian Orthodox Church were on generally amicable terms with the Franks?

A

Jacobites

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4
Q

Which ethnic group made up the majority of the population in the principality of Antioch?

A

Greeks

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5
Q

Which historian argued that the Franks did integrate to a degree in that they shared villages with other Christians?

A

Ellenblum

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6
Q

Which historian argued that Franks lived in the towns and separately from other groups?

A

Prawer

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7
Q

What title was given to the heads of Muslim villages that ran their own communities?

A

ra’is

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8
Q

What was established to deal with issues between Franks and non-Franks?

A

Cour de la Fonde

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9
Q

Which group had no representation on the Cour de la Fonde that heavily favoured Franks?

A

Muslims

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10
Q

What was paid by all non-Frankish people in Outremer?

A

Poll Tax

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11
Q

What was the pre-1950s view that Franks and Muslims integrated and developed a shared culture?

A

Harmonious relationship

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12
Q

Who resettled a group of Jacobites from east of the river Jordan to south of Jerusalem?

A

Baldwin I

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13
Q

Which town in the kingdom of Jerusalem had a significant Jewish community?

A

Haifa

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14
Q

Which crusader state had the largest concentration of Muslim inhabitants?

A

Kingdom of Jerusalem

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15
Q

Which Frankish leader was married to an Armenian princess called Morphia?

A

Baldwin II

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16
Q

What name is given to the districts in towns that were under the control of Italian city-states?

A

quarters

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17
Q

What were many of the Italian city-states exempt from due to their role in capturing coastal cities?

A

Taxation

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18
Q

What seems to have remained largely unaffected by wars between the Franks and the Muslims?

A

Trade

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19
Q

What name had been given to non-Muslims who had paid tax for living under Islamic rule before the crusades?

A

dhimmis

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20
Q

What percentage of compensation that would have been owed to a Frank was paid to non-Franks?

A

Fifty

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21
Q

What role was never really fulfilled by Franks due to the position of native peoples in the rural economy?

A

Peasants

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22
Q

Where were permanent Muslim populations relatively uncommon?

A

Towns

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23
Q

What rural buildings were usually shared by the Franks and indigenous Christians?

A

Churches

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24
Q

Where were strict punishments laid out to forbid sexual relations between Christians and Muslims in 1120?

A

Council of Nablus

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25
Q

What was the punishment for males for sexual relationships with a woman of a different religion?

A

Castration

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26
Q

Native non-Franks of which profession were particularly highly valued by the Franks?

A

Medical

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27
Q

When were the Muslims expelled from or killed in Jerusalem?

A

July 1099

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28
Q

What did Muslims not have to pay unlike the Franks?

A

Tithe

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29
Q

What term was used to refer to the native settled Muslim inhabitants of Outremer?

A

Saracens

30
Q

What term was used to refer to Greek Orthodox Christians loyal to Byzantium?

A

Melkites

31
Q

What did Baldwin I appear to be quite relaxed about and even, to an extent, encourage?

A

Intermarriage

32
Q

Which city were Arab traders banned from living in?

A

Jerusalem

33
Q

Which patriarch of Jerusalem was reprimanded in 1114 for having performed a Christian-Muslim wedding?

A

Arnulf

34
Q

Which pope reprimanded the patriarch of Jerusalem in 1114 for performing a Christian-Muslim wedding?

A

Paschal II

35
Q

In which of the crusader states did the firth three counts all have Armenian wives?

A

County of Edessa

36
Q

Which part of a woman consenting to a sexual relationship with someone of a different religion was cut off?

A

Nose

37
Q

Which Greek patriarch of Antioch did Bohemond replace?

A

John the Oxite

38
Q

What were replaced with Latin ones resulting in enormous resentment by Greek Orthodox Christians?

A

Patriarchs

39
Q

What were imposed upon the Byzantine-backed Greek Orthodox priests?

A

Latin bishops

40
Q

In which year did the massacre of pilgrims at Easter and the military defeat to Il-Ghazi prompt the Templar’s creation?

A

1119

41
Q

When was the Hospitallers role in supporting sick pilgrims in Outremer first specifically recognised?

A

1113

42
Q

What function did the Hospitallers primarily provide to the Franks of Outremer until the 1130s?

A

Medical

43
Q

Which groups mostly aided Outremer by the end of the 1120s through raising money in the Latin West?

A

Military Orders

44
Q

What was the clash between killing and sin that was solved by sanctified violence such as joining a military order?

A

Knightly dilemma

45
Q

Which military order was founded in 1119, partly as an outlet for ‘lay piety’?

A

Templars

46
Q

What term refers to the religious practices and faith of those who were not in traditional holy orders?

A

Lay piety

47
Q

What religious order had predated the crusades but was refounded in 1113 and was increasingly military by 1130?

A

Hospitallers

48
Q

What Muslim military in 1119 victory created a response in the Latin West, prompting fresh crusading and the Templars?

A

Field of Blood

49
Q

Becoming a member of the Templars or Hospitallers was a means by which a knight could fight and enter a what?

A

Holy Order

50
Q

Which prominent Latin churchman wrote ‘In Praise of the New Knighthood’ in 1130 supporting the Templars?

A

Bernard of Clairvaux

51
Q

The long patriarchate of Bernard of Valence (1100-1135) aided stability in which otherwise unstable state?

A

Antioch

52
Q

Who helped secure the release of Raymond by Tancred (1100) and Bohemond by the Danishmends (1103)?

A

Bernard of Valence

53
Q

Bernard of Valence provided military support to assist Tancred at which battle in 1104?

A

Harran

54
Q

The conflict between Tancred and which Frankish ruler was resolved through Bernard of Valance’s efforts?

A

Baldwin II of Edessa

55
Q

Which pope encouraged the Venetian Crusade of 1122-24 and renewed crusading indulgences?

A

Calixtus II

56
Q

Which Patriarch of Jerusalem tried to take control of the city in 1100 and then tried to give it to Behemond in 1100?

A

Daimbert

57
Q

Which pope made the Hospitallers answerable only to the papacy (and not Frankish rulers) in 1113?

A

Honorius II

58
Q

With which head of the Jacobite Church did Bernard of Valence caused a dispute that was a problem for Antioch in 1118?

A

Athanasius

59
Q

Which patriarch attempted to reassert the idea of church rule in Jerusalem between 1128 and 1130?

A

Stephen

60
Q

Which Patriarch of Jerusalem assisted in the creation of the Templars and oversaw the 1124 siege of Tyre?

A

Warmund

61
Q

What were the Principality of Galilee, County of Jaffa and Lordships of Sidon and Montreal in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Great fiefs

62
Q

Which class tended to live in the cities of the Kingdom of Jerusalem rather than their great country estates?

A

nobility

63
Q

What was composed of the bishops and nobles of the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Haute Cour

64
Q

Which meeting formalised and codified many of the laws of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1120?

A

Council of Nablus

65
Q

Which great office had the supreme military function (under the king) in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Constable

66
Q

Jerusalem, Nablus, Acre and (from 1124) Tyre were part of what in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

royal domain

67
Q

What did royal domain revenue, caravan tolls, dues from Bedouin shepherds and justice provide Kings of Jerusalem?

A

finance

68
Q

What major tax for kings of Jerusalem came from harbour dues at Acre?

A

the chaine

69
Q

What tax of goods sold in the city of Jerusalem was very profitable to its kings?

A

the plateaticum

70
Q

Who administered royal finances and dispensed justice in the king’s place in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Seneschal

71
Q

Who was second in command to the Constable and inspected arms and equipment in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Marshal

72
Q

Who dealt with drawing up deeds and charters and directed the diplomatic service in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?

A

Chancellor

13ACD: Age of the Crusades, c.1071-1149 (12 decks)

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