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SOR 2 > Islam Key words > Flashcards

Islam Key words Flashcards

1
Q

Halal

A
  • Refers to those things that are allowed, permitted or lawful
  • Permitted include
    - Water, coffee - Seafood
    - Fruit & veg - Cow, camel, Goat
    - Turkey, ducks, chicken
  • Muslims are only allowed to eat meat that has been prepared according to Islamic law
  • If the life of an animal has be ended for human survival, then its life should only be taken in the name of Allah
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2
Q

Haraam

A
  • Unlawful or forbidden things such as:
    - Eating pork - Drinking alcohol
    - Adultery - Murder
    - Anything that harms the human body i.e drugs
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3
Q

Shari’ah law

A
  • The law of Islam which rules the social and religious life of devout Muslims
  • Expression of submission to Allah
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4
Q

The 4 pillars of Shari’ah law

A
  1. Tough requirements for carrying out hudood
  2. warding off punishment via ambiguities
  3. Innocent until proven guilty
  4. Fair and balanced court system
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5
Q

Hudood

A

Meaning punishment; prevention, restraint, prohibition

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6
Q

Ulama

A
  • Islamic lawyers

- Are recognised as being most knowledgable in matters of religious law

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7
Q

Fard

A

Obligatory activities, such as adhering to the five pillars

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8
Q

The First pillar

A

The profession of faith (Shahada)
- Is for the believer to testify, in Arabic, that
“there is no God but Allah and the Muhammad is His messenger”
- Links to the first principle belief (Tawhid)

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9
Q

The Second pillar

A

Prayer (Salat)

  • The five daily ritual prayer
  • The words to be uttered and the movements to accompany them are set out in meticulous detail
  • Five prayer times are determined not by the clock but by the position of the sun in the sky
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10
Q

The Third pillar

A

The poor tax (Zakat)
- Does not refer to charitable gifts given out of kindness or generosity, but to the systematic giving of 2.5% of one’s wealth each year to benefit the poor

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11
Q

The Fourth pillar

A

The Fast of Ramadan (Swam)

  • The ninth month of the Muslim year
  • Fast requires abstention from:
    - Food - Smoking
    - Drink - Sex
  • Muslims resolve to turn away from sin, and to seek reconciliation and forgiveness for wrongs done within the family and wider community
  • Between light until sunset
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12
Q

The Fifth pillar

A

The Hajj

  • Performances of the rites of the pilgrimage to Mecca
  • Occurs in the month of Dhul Hijjah which is the 12th month of the Islamic lunar calendar
  • Seen as a chance to wipe clean past sins and start fresh
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13
Q

Tawhid

A
  • Allah is one God so there is no concept of the Christian Trinity
  • Allahs names reveal his attributes in the Qur’an (Names of praise)
  • It is both a declaration and a commitment
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14
Q

The Qur’an

A
  • Records the words of Allah spoken to the Prophet Muhammad by the Arc-angel Gabriel and provides a guide to life and a knowledge of Allah
  • Primary message is an affirmation of the absolute supremacy of Allah
  • There is on God and his power has no limits
  • Treated with respect; never goes below the waist, never placed on the floor
  • Muslims memorise the text
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15
Q

The Our’an Content

A
  • Arranged into 114 chapters, which are termed Sura’s
  • Ordered in a sequence of decreasing length
  • Ayah are the verse read right to left
  • Shorter Sura’s tend to be the revelations to Muhammad
  • Longer Sura’s the revelations in Medina
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16
Q

Wudu

A
  • Cleansing of the body before prayer is very important
  • Public areas including the Kaaba are washed with water, rose water and disinfectant to purify the space
  • Cleaners of the Great Mosque see it as servingAllah and the pilgrims
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17
Q

The Hadith

A

Traditional accounts of the Sayings and deeds of the Prophet are presented in a special Islamic literary style
- Sayings of the prophet Muhammad

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18
Q

The Sunnah

A
  • The body of traditional social and legal custom and practice of the Islamic community
  • Are of secondary authority to the Qur’an itself; for only the latter contains the revelation of Allah to the Prophet
19
Q

The Seven Articles of faith

A
  1. Allah as the one true God
  2. Angels as the instruments of Allahs will
  3. Revelation of Allah’s intentions is through the prophets in the Book of Allah
  4. Prophets - there are 28 messengers or prophets of Allah
  5. Last judgement - Result in eternal reward or punishment
  6. Life after death
  7. Supremacy of the Allah’s will - nothing can happen without the will and knowledge of Allah
20
Q

Qiyas

A

The principle of analogy applied in the interpretation of points of Islamic law not clearly covered in the Qur’an or Sunnah

21
Q

Ijma

A

A collection of the consensus of independent scholars’ rulings

22
Q

Ensoulment

A

The moment at which a human being gains a soul

23
Q

Nafs

A

self; psyche

24
Q

Zina

A

Legal term in Islam for any illegal sexual relations or acts with legal punishable consequences

25
Q

Ta’zir

A

Juristic discretion, not Allah’s command of punishment

26
Q

Urf

A

context and culture

27
Q

Salat al-Jum’ah

A

Arabic for Friday prayer at the mosque

28
Q

Mihrab

A

A small recess at the front of the mosque, indicating the direction to pray

29
Q

Minbar

A

A short flight of steps, used as a platform by a preacher in a mosque

30
Q

Imam

A

A leader of the prayer service

31
Q

Khutbah

A

Sermon preached by a Imam at the mosque

32
Q

Supplication

A

Asking for something of Allah

33
Q

Muezzin

A

Man who calls Muslim to pray from the minaret of the mosque

34
Q

Calligraphy

A

Decorative writing on the walls of the mosque as Allah and Muhammad must never be represented ad a picture or statue

35
Q

Islam

A

submission

36
Q

Iqamah

A

second call to prayer

37
Q

Fatihah

A

First seven verses of the Qur’an

38
Q

Ummah

A

community

39
Q

Adhan

A

call to prayer

40
Q

Ka’bah

A

Sacred black box located at Mecca, Muslims face this during prayer

41
Q

Raka’ah

A

Prayers said during Friday prayer time (several recited)

42
Q

Shahada

A

Statement of faith - witness to Allah and Muhammad, recited communally during Friday prayer

43
Q

Hakimiyya

A

Absolute sovereignty of Allah

44
Q

Jahiliyyah

A
  • A time of ignorance of true Islam

- Consequence is to remove God from the equation and rely on man made system

SOR 2 (6 decks)

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