Islam- core beliefs Flashcards
1
Q
List the 6 articles of faith- Sunni islam
A
- tawhid
- belief about angels
- belief about books
- belief about the messengers of Allah
- Akhirah and day of judgement
- Al’Qadr (predestination)
2
Q
List 5 principles of Usul Ad-Din-Shia islam
A
- tawhid
- divine justice (Al-Adl)
- prophethood (Al-Nubuwah)
- imams (Al-Imamah)
- day of resurrection (Al-Ma’ad)
3
Q
Tawhid + beliefs about Allah…
A
- most important belief (there is one God)
- he is infinite
- omnipotent and omniscient
- merciful and benevolent
- transcendent + immanent
- fair and just
4
Q
Effects of Tawhid on believers…
A
- give their whole lives to the will of Allah
- they understand everything they have is from the will of Allah
- no reason to be boastful
- content with their lives
- have nothing to fear as death is set by Allah
- placing anything above Allah=sin of shirk
5
Q
What is a prophet?
A
- a messenger chosen by Allah to teach, guide and train people to follow him
- they are human and cant be worshipped
6
Q
What do prophets do?
A
-give guidance on how to follow Allah and live in a way that pleases him
7
Q
Role + importance of Adam.
A
- first prophet
- sent out of Al-jannah as he was disobediant
8
Q
Role + importance of Ibrahim..
A
- father of the Arab people
- Muslims honour Ibrahim’s life and commitment to the faith
- recognised as the father of monotheism
9
Q
Role + importance of Isma’il.
A
- son of Ibrahim
- built the Kaaba with Ibrahim
10
Q
Role + importance of Musa.
A
- became leader of the Israelites under the guidance of Allah
- freed the Israelites
- revealed the Tawrat to Musa and gave him the 10 commandments
11
Q
Role + importance of Dawud.
A
- king of israelites=people lived in respect for Allah
- revealed Zabur to Dawud
12
Q
Role + importance of Isa
A
- performed many miracles
- sunni muslims believe that he is the messiah and will return on the day of judgement
- According to the hadith, Isa will make war until all religions except Islam are destroyed
- believed he did not die but was taken into Allahs presence
13
Q
Role + importance of Muhammed
A
- ‘seal of the prophets’, provided the final revelation of Allah in the for of the Qur’an
- Qur’an=direct words of Allah
14
Q
What is the importance of the night of power?
A
- Muhammed recited the first revealed verses of the Qur’an
- angel Jibra’il declared Muhammed as the messenger of Allah
- occured during the last of the 10 nights of Ramadan, Muslims devote themselves to prayer and the reading of the Qur’an
15
Q
What happened in the night journey?
A
- an angel woke Muhammed and hus heart was purified from doubt, idolatry and error +he was filled with wisdom
- he ascended through 7heavens + was shown paradise and hell
- he spoke with other prophets
16
Q
What is the importance of the night journey?
A
- Musa and Muhammed talked about how many times a muslim should pray-they agreed on 5
- he entered the presence of Allah + was aware of peace, light and blessings
- some Muslims believe it wasn’t a journey but a spiritual experience
17
Q
What did Muhammed do after the Hijrah?
A
- ruled the community of Yathrib + viewed Allah as the only king so he lived a simple life + taught self-discipline and obedience to Allah
- Muhammed gave instructions on pilgrimage, charity, fasting and prayer
18
Q
What was the farewell speech?
A
- He gave 140,000 Muslims guidance and reminded them to live in peace, respect each others rights and remain true to Qur’an
- crowd responded with ‘you have fulfilled it, messenger of Allah’
19
Q
What is divine justice for Shia muslims?
A
- there is a framework of right and wrong
- Allah is perfect and always acts in a way that is right
- humans should use their free will to act in a way that is right
- no such thing as predestination as humans have free will
20
Q
Quotes on Muhammed..
A
- ‘seal of the prophets’
- ‘He neither begets nor is begotten’
- ‘you have in the messenger of Allah a perfect exempler’
- ‘template of perfection’
21
Q
Jabariyyah school views on predestination
A
-believe all human actions are determined by Allah + that humans have no free will
22
Q
Mu’taraliah beliefs on predestination
A
- human free will means no predestination
- believe on the day of judgement, each person will be judged on the actions they did- fate of each person is determined by Allah divine justice
23
Q
Ash’ari beliefs on predestination
A
- try to find a middle way- arguing that while God created everything, he also could ‘require’ the act and make a choice between the right course of action + wrong one
- believed that Allah used divine intercession
24
Q
Sunni beliefs on predestination
A
- baby recieves soul 120 days after conception-angel records everything + it is read out on the day of judgement
- decisions humans make with their free will will affect rewards and punishments Allah will make- He already knows these decisions
25
Shia beliefs on predestination + quote
- Allah's always in possession of full + complete knowledge of all things and can change anything he wills
- 'there is no compulsion in the religion. The right direction is distinctly clear from error'
26
Sunni views on free will
- God's will is supreme + he controls everything
- however, free will is still possible as humans dont know what Allah wants from them=humans find free will in finding out what Allah wants from them
27
Shia beliefs on free will
- Allahs knowledge does not impact human free will
| - Allah will judge on the choices humans have made
28
Barzakh...
-the 'inbetween life' where muslims are questoned by 2 angels + are rewarded or punished
29
Significance of Muhammed
- all previous prophets prepared the way for Muhammed
- in islamic tradition, Muhammed is the greatest and final prophet
- provided the final revelation
- Muslims devote themselves to praying on the night of power
- has 2 books written on him and is the only one regarded as perfect- 'template of perfection'
30
Key similarities on sunni + shia beliefs
- both believe in unity of Allah
- Muhammed in Allahs prophet
- believe in day of resurrection
31
Key differences on sunni and shia beliefs
- sunni believe that Muhammed alone was given knowledge from Allah
- shia believe Allah gave knowledge to first imam, Ali and the knowledge had been passed down through each imam
32
Paragraph against Muhammed being unique amongst other prophets in 16 marker
- pbuh said after every prophet
- He is 'no more than a messanger'
- not the only one to have a holy text
- he forbade others from saying he is better than other prophets
- was not the first to establish monotheism or the faith
- did not build the ka'aba
- Isa was said to be messiah + performed many miracles
