Islam 2 ABC Flashcards
1
Q
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs about (the nature of) justice:
A
Muslims believe that all humans are born with an innate sense of justice (fitrah) Muslims believe that justice is a fundamental aspect of God’s character (Al-Adl is one of the 99 beautiful names of Allah) Muslims believe that justice is important in everything including the distribution of wealth Muslims believe justice should always be shown to one another impartially - The Qur’an says: “bear witness impartially … adhere to justice” Muslims believe in the importance of justice as a means of restoring balance and harmony in society.
2
Q
Outline 3 reasons why justice is important for Muslims:
A
Muslims believe that justice is a fundamental aspect of God’s character (Al-Adl is one of the 99 beautiful names of Allah) so they should strive to be like Allah The Qu’ran commands them to “adhere to justice, for that is closer to awareness of God” and the Qur’an is the infallible word of God so must be obeyed Muslims believe in the importance of justice as a means of restoring balance and harmony in society Allah is all-just Muslims believe Allah rewards those who are just Prophet Mohammad taught that Muslims should be just
3
Q
Outline 3 ways how Muslims/Islam aim to uphold justice:
A
Islam prohibits the charging of interest (riba) on loans, aiming to ensure fairness and justice in the distribution of wealth. Muslims also uphold financial justice by donating Zakah regularly. Muslims seek to uphold justice by establishing Sharia courts and legal systems that administer Islamic law (Shariah) Muslims are encouraged to support charitable organisations and initiatives that aim to uphold justice, such as Islamic Relief Worldwide
4
Q
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs about justice (SOWA):
A
Muslims believe that all humans are born with an innate sense of justice, called fitrah. This means people naturally know right from wrong and have a built-in inclination towards fairness. The Qur’an confirms this: “[Adhere to] the fitrah of Allah upon which He has created [all] people.” Additionally, Muslims view justice as a fundamental aspect of God’s character. They see it as one of the 99 beautiful names of Allah, Al-Adl (The Just), highlighting its divine importance. Moreover, Muslims believe that justice should always be shown impartially to one another. The Qur’an instructs believers to “bear witness impartially … adhere to justice,” emphasising fairness and equity in all aspects of life. This reflects the ethical imperative of upholding justice as a cornerstone of Islamic morality.
5
Q
Explain 2 reasons why justice is important for Muslims (SOWA):
A
Justice is important for Muslims because they believe that it is part of their role as vicegerents of God’s creation to behave justly to other people and to ensure that the world is governed in a fair way by following the Shari’ah. Islam has always had a system of justice based on courts with strict rules about how everyone should be treated fairly. Surah 4 says that Muslims should ‘act justly. Truly, God loves those who are just.’ Another reason is because the Prophet Muhammad also assisted anyone who might have been the victim of justice. On one occasion, the Prophet accompanied a man owed money by Abu Jahl to the leader’s house, and Abhu Jahl admitted the claim and repaid the man in full. To Muslims, Prophet Muhammad is an exemplar for how they should live their lives. Justice should apply to everyone. The Qur’an says ‘Stand firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives’ Muslims should act against injustice, since those who are not just will be punished
6
Q
Explain 2 Muslim responses to non-religious attitudes about justice (SOWA):
A
Muslims would agree with the non-religious view that justice is not solely a religious idea, but a universal principle. They agree that justice is fundamental for maintaining social harmony and equality among individuals, irrespective of their religious affiliations. However, while many thinkers and governments have promoted justice, they believe they have not necessarily been good examples of fairness, unlike the Prophet Muhammad, who as per the Qur’an, was an “excellent model” (Surah 33:21) Muslims reject the fact that Justice is a human construct based on societal norms. Muslims believe that all humans are born with an innate sense of justice, which all prophets have stood up for: “We sent our messengers with clear signs … so that people could uphold justice”
7
Q
Explain 2 non-religious attitudes to justice (SOWA):
A
Humanists would argue that justice is important, not to fulfil laws and rules established by prophets or the revelation of Gods, but because all human beings, regardless of their beliefs deserve autonomy and respect. Justice requires freedom, and freedom entails responsibility. Humanists or non-religious people also believe justice is important because without it human beings cannot flourish. The Greek philosopher Aristotle said: “In justice is all virtue combined”. They argue that when justice is served, it protects members of society and prevents harm to others. The British Humanist Website says: “Humanists believe in a secular legal system, where the law applies equally to all people, regardless of religion or belief” 2.2 - Crime:
8
Q
Outline 3 ways in which crimes can hurt the victim:
A
Crimes can hurt a victim financially if it is something like theft. It can hurt them emotionally if precious belongings are damaged. A third way it can hurt is physically if it is an assault or other crime of violence
9
Q
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs about (the nature) of crime:
A
Muslims believe that crime is a sinful act that violates Islamic principles and laws Muslims believe that crime disrupts the peace and harmony of society Muslims believe that perpetrators of crimes will be held accountable before Allah on the Day of Judgment, where they will face the consequences of their actions.
10
Q
Outline 3 Muslim teachings about crime:
A
Islam teaches that crime is wrong and harms others, so it’s important to treat everyone fairly and kindly Punishments for certain crimes are set by Islamic law to discourage wrongdoing and protect society from harm Islam teaches Muslims to keep away from distractions, because they can cause crime, such as intoxicants Muslims are encouraged to forgive and help those who commit crimes to change their ways and become better members of society
11
Q
Outline 3 categories of punishments for crime in Islam:
A
One category of crime is Hudud, which are crimes against God and have a fixed punishment. Another category of crime is Qisas, which are crimes against individuals or families, where the victim’s nearest relatives are able to choose their preferred punishment. A third category of crime is Ta’zir, crimes for which punishment is not stated in the Qur’an or Hadith, and is therefore left to the discretion of a Qadi (a judge in Muslim law).
12
Q
Outline 3 causes of crime:
A
One cause of crime is socialisation difficulties. Difficulty in confronting society’s norms, because of parenting or a troubled family life, can lead to an individual committing crime. Another cause of crime is labelling theory/media stereotyping. Prejudice against people from particular social or racial backgrounds, which reinforce negative perceptions towards specific groups, force them into isolation and eventually crime. A third cause of crime is lack of opportunity. Poor performance in exams or a lack of suitable job opportunities which people believe they are entitled to but are denied, can make them feel as if crime is their only path to manage financially. A final cause of crime is subculture. Peer groups that approve of, or encourage, delinquent behaviour due to dislike for rules and disrespect for authority tend to commit crime.
13
Q
Outline 3 problems caused by crime:
A
Hurts the victim emotionally, physically or financially Leads to unrest in society and damages peace and prosperity Emotionally hurts families of the victim Crime places a burden on the criminal justice system and resources in prison, where instead the money and resources could be used for better societal welfare
14
Q
Outline 3 crimes which are a distraction from Allah:
A
Idolatry (Shirk): Associating partners with Allah or worshipping “false gods”. Engaging in Usury (Riba): Charging or paying interest on loans is considered a distraction from Allah’s guidance on fair and just economic practices. Committing acts of injustice, such as cheating, exploiting others, or oppressing the weak, distracts individuals from following Allah’s commandments to treat others with fairness, compassion, and respect.
15
Q
Outline 3 Muslim teachings about crime as a distraction from Allah:
A
Crime takes people away from remembering and worshipping Allah. Engaging in crime goes against Islamic teachings of justice and compassion. Crime disrupts society’s peace and stability, which are important for focusing on Allah. Islam teaches Muslims to keep away from anything that might distract them from remembering God which could lead to crime, such as “intoxicants and gambling” Intoxicants and gambling are described as “Satan’s doing” and are forbidden in Islam as they can lead to crimes and distract oneself from worshipping Allah
16
Q
Outline 3 actions taken by Muslims to end crime:
A
Educating people about Islamic morals and ethics to discourage crime. Supporting community-based initiatives for crime prevention and rehabilitation. Collaborating with law enforcement to report and address criminal activities.
17
Q
Outline 3 actions taken by Muslim groups/organisations to end crime:
A
Establishing Islamic educational programs to promote moral values and prevent crime. Providing resources for reformation programs to help offenders reintegrate into society. Advocating for policies addressing root causes of crime like poverty and inequality.
18
Q
Outline 3 Islamic organisations which fight against crime:
A
Muslim Chaplains Association (MCA) Mosaic Islamic Relief Worldwide Muslim Advocates
19
Q
Outline 3 ways the Muslims Chaplains Association (MCA) tries to provide rehabilitation for offenders:
A
They support the Muslim Chaplains who work within the prison service They lead worship and provide pastoral care They work towards the resettlement of prisoners and the prevention of reoffending upon release They engage with Muslims and the wider community
20
Q
Outline 3 features of the work of Mosaic (against crime):
A
Volunteer mentors provide support and practical assistance to young prisoners, by helping them to find secure housing and employment Mosaic support children and young people who have been bereaved of someone special Mosaic advocates for the protection of those who are suspected of feeling suicidal
21
Q
Outline 3 ways how Islam aims to reduce poverty:
A
Making zakah obligatory on the wealth of the rich Encouragement to give charity , set up waqfs and sponsor orphans and widows Prohibition of riba (usury), gambling and deceit in selling Seeking refuge with Allah from poverty.
22
Q
Explain 2 ways in which crimes can hurt the victims in Islam (SOWA):
A
Crimes can hurt a victim financially if it is something like theft. It can hurt them emotionally if precious belongings are damaged. A third way it can hurt is physically if it is an assault or other crime of violence. “Whoever kills a soul … it is as if he had slain mankind entirely.”
23
Q
Explain 2 categories of punishments for crime in Islam (SOWA):
A
One category of crime is Hudud, which are crimes against God and have a fixed punishment. This is evidenced through the Qur’an, which mentions amputation of limbs for theft as “a deterrent from Allah.” Another category of crime is Qisas, which are crimes against individuals or families, where the victim’s nearest relatives are able to choose their preferred punishment. A third category of crime is Ta’zir, crimes for which punishment is not stated in the Qur’an or Hadith, and is therefore left to the discretion of a Qadi.
24
Q
Explain 2 causes of crime (SOWA):
A
One cause of crime is socialisation difficulties. Difficulty in confronting society’s norms, because of parenting or a troubled family life, can lead to an individual committing crime. A third cause of crime is lack of opportunity. Poor performance in exams or a lack of suitable job opportunities which people believe they are entitled to but are denied, can make them feel as if crime is their only path to manage financially. Abu Huraira said, “Poverty leads to disbelief (in Allah) … and causes crime” (Sahih Bukhari)
25
Explain 2 problems caused by crime (SOWA):
One problem is that it hurts the victim emotionally, physically or financially. This can make the victim feel unsafe and uncomfortable, impacting their mental wellbeing in the future. Leads to unrest in society and damages peace and prosperity. The Qur’an says: “"Whoever kills a soul … it is as if he had slain mankind entirely.”
26
Explain 2 crimes which are a distraction from Allah (SOWA):
Idolatry (Shirk): Associating partners with Allah or worshipping “false gods”. The Qur’an says: “worship God and shun false Gods” Engaging in Usury (Riba): Charging or paying interest on loans is considered a distraction from Allah's guidance on fair and just economic practices. The Qur’an says: “O believers, take not doubled and redoubled interest”
27
Explain 2 Muslim teachings about crime as a distraction from Allah (SOWA):
Islam teaches Muslims to keep away from anything that might distract them from remembering God which could lead to crime, such as “intoxicants and gambling”, as the Qur’an says: “With intoxicants and gambling, Satan seeks only to incite hatred among you, and stop you remembering God”. Intoxicants and gambling are described as “Satan’s doing” and are forbidden in Islam as they can lead to crimes and distract oneself from worshipping Allah. Crime leads to distraction from Allah, which causes depression. Islam teaches that crime disrupts the spiritual connection between individuals and Allah. When individuals engage in wrongful acts such as theft, corruption, or oppression, they sever their relationship with the Creator and distance themselves from His mercy and guidance. The Qur'an: "And whoever turns away from My remembrance - indeed, he will have a depressed life”
28
Explain 2 actions taken by Muslims to end crime (SOWA):
Muslims teach good behaviour to prevent crime. They provide lessons in mosques and schools about being honest, kind, and responsible. This helps people make better choices and avoid doing wrong things. The Prophet Muhammad said, "Learning is important for everyone." Muslims work together with police and neighbours to keep their areas safe. They organise patrols and watch out for any trouble. By working as a team, they can stop crime and make their neighbourhoods better places to live. The Prophet Muhammad said, “Whoever among you sees an evil action, then let him change it with his hand [by taking action]; if he cannot, then with his tongue [by speaking out]”
29
Explain 2 actions taken by Muslim groups/organisations to end crime (SOWA):
Muslim groups such as the MCA/Mosaic provide support to those who are struggling. They offer things like job training, counselling, and money to help people get back on their feet. By giving a hand to those in trouble, they hope to prevent them from turning to crime. Muslim groups raise awareness about issues like poverty and discrimination. They speak up for fairness and equality in society. By making people aware of these problems, they can work together to make things better for everyone. The Prophet Muhammad said, “Whoever among you sees an evil action, then let him change it with his hand [by taking action]; if he cannot, then with his tongue [by speaking out]”
30
Explain 2 ways in which Islam tries to remove the causes of crime (SOWA):
Islam tries to remove poor upbringing/socialisation difficulty as a cause of crime through its teachings on the family. Muslim parents are taught that they will be judged by God on how well they have brought up their children, so Muslim parents teach their children the difference between right and wrong and make sure they go to the madrasah (a college for Islamic instruction). Many mosques also provide family advice and support if parents have problems so that the children do not turn to crime. Islam also teaches to eliminate causes of crime that first distract them from Allah, and then lead to crime. These include intoxicants such as drugs and alcohol, as well as gambling, which are described as "Satan's doing" and so are strictly forbidden in Islam. As The Qur’an says, "With intoxicants and gambling... Satan seeks only to incite enmity and hatred among you" 2.3 - Good, Evil and Suffering:
31
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about good actions:
Muslims believe that good actions will be rewarded - The Qur’an says: “those who do good deeds will have an unfailing reward” Muslims believe that good actions improve the chances of them going to Jannah (paradise) after their death All good actions are known as halal. This refers to a variety of daily activities, including diet, and means 'that which is permitted' as per the Qur’an. Another belief is that Fard actions are ones that must be performed. This also means that Muslims will be punished for not performing them, as it is their moral and religious duty to do so. A third belief is about Mandub actions. This is when Muslim will be rewarded for doing, but will not be punished if they do not do them.
32
Outline 3 ways Muslims believe good actions are rewarded:
Muslims believe that those who perform good deeds will be rewarded with entry into Jannah (Paradise) Another way good actions are rewarded in Islam is through the concept of Barakah. Barakah is a blessing that comes from Allah and is given to those who do good deeds and maintain a close relationship with Him. Another way is by receiving inner satisfaction and peace
33
Outline 3 ways Muslims believe evil actions are punished:
Muslims believe that those who persist in evil actions and reject repentance will be punished in Hell, where they will face torment and suffering Muslims believe that evil actions will cause Allah to move away from them and leave them a “disease in their hearts” Evil actions can be punished by those listed in the Shariah, such as flogging or amputation
34
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about evil actions:
Muslims believe that evil actions are haram and prohibited in Islam Muslims believe that those who persist in evil actions and reject repentance will be punished in Hell, where they will face torment and suffering Muslims believe that evil actions will cause Allah to move away from them and leave them a “disease in their hearts” Evil actions can be punished by those listed in the Shariah, such as flogging or amputation
35
Outline 3 non-religious attitudes about why people suffer:
Some people believe that suffering is a result of random chance or natural occurrences, devoid of any deeper meaning or purpose. Others attribute suffering to human error or negligence, such as accidents or poor decision-making. Some argue that suffering is a consequence of social injustice and systemic inequalities, where certain groups are oppressed
36
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about the nature of good and evil actions (SOWA):
One Muslim belief about the nature of good and evil actions is that all humans are born with a fitrah that is pure. According to the Qur’an, humans are created "in the finest state". They have the potential to do good and utilise their God-given abilities to reach morality and spirituality, or have the potential to sin, becoming "the lowest of the low". The outcome depends on how they use their free will. A second Muslim belief is that things are not good or evil in themselves. Rather, it is their use or misuse that determines their benefit or harm. A third Muslim belief is that Humans have a limited understanding of what is good and evil. They believe "God knows and [you] do not" .Muslims deduce that the harm caused by an object or action outweighs any of its benefits, it is to be forbidden.
37
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about good actions (SOWA):
Muslims believe that good actions will be rewarded and improve their chances of entering Paradise (Jannah) after death, as stated in the Qur'an: “those who do good deeds will have an unfailing reward”. By performing righteous deeds and following the teachings of Islam, believers seek to earn Allah's pleasure and attain eternal bliss in the Hereafter. All good actions are known as halal in Islam, meaning they are permitted and in accordance with Islamic principles. This encompasses various daily activities, including dietary choices, as outlined in the Qur'an and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Muslims believe in the obligation of performing Fard actions, which are mandatory duties prescribed by Allah. Neglecting these actions is considered sinful, and believers will be held accountable for not fulfilling their religious obligations. In addition to Fard actions, Muslims are encouraged to perform Mandub (recommended) actions, which are not obligatory but are rewarded by Allah. These actions include voluntary prayers, charity, and acts of kindness, enhancing the spiritual growth and moral development of individuals.
38
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about evil actions (SOWA):
Muslims believe that evil actions are haram (forbidden) and prohibited in Islam. The Qur'an and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad clearly outline the types of behaviours and actions that are considered sinful and detrimental to one's spiritual well-being. The Qur’an says: “O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling … so avoid it that you may be successful." Muslims believe that those who persist in evil actions and reject repentance will be punished in Hell, where they will face torment and suffering as a consequence of their disobedience to Allah. The Qur'an warns against the consequences of evil deeds, emphasising the accountability of individuals for their actions in the Hereafter. "And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits - He will put him into the Fire to abide eternally therein, and he will have a humiliating punishment." Muslims believe that evil actions will cause Allah to move away from them and leave them with a "disease in their hearts." This highlights the spiritual and moral consequences of engaging in sinful behaviour, leading to a sense of spiritual distance from Allah and inner turmoil within the individual. Evil actions can be punished according to the laws of Shariah (Islamic law), which prescribe specific punishments for various offences. These punishments may include flogging, amputation, or other forms of legal retribution, serving as a deterrent and means of maintaining societal order and justice. "And [as for] the thief … amputate their hands as a deterrent [punishment] from Allah.“
39
Explain 2 ways Muslims believe good actions are rewarded (SOWA):
One way good actions are rewarded in Islam is by the afterlife. The Qur'an includes vivid metaphorical descriptions of the afterlife, which Muslims understand as an analogy for receiving everlasting afterlife. For example, "God will reward them...with a Garden and silk [robes]" Another way good actions are rewarded in Islam is through the concept of Barakah. Barakah is a blessing that comes from Allah and is given to those who do good deeds and maintain a close relationship with Him. According to the Hadith, "When Allah loves a servant, He bestows upon him the gift of Barakah." (Tirmidhi)
40
Explain 2 ways Muslims believe bad actions are punished (SOWA):
Muslims believe that on the Day of Judgment, Allah will hold each person accountable for their actions. Those who have done wrong will face consequences for their deeds, while those who have been righteous will be rewarded. On the Day, their bad deeds will weight heavier than their good deeds. The Qur'an says, "So whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." Muslims believe in the concept of Hell (Jahannam), where those who have committed grave sins and rejected Allah's guidance will be punished. Hell is described as a place of intense suffering and torment, where wrongdoers will be held to account for their actions. The Qur'an warns, "And fear the Fire, which has been prepared for the disbelievers."
41
Explain 2 reasons why evil and suffering can cause problems for Muslims (SOWA):
Muslims believe that God is all-powerful. There are many Surahs in the Qur'an which say that God has power over all things. This causes a problem because if God is all-powerful, he must be able to get rid of evil and suffering. Muslims also believe that God is all good. Of the 114 Surahs of the Qur'an, 113 remind Muslims that God is beneficent and merciful. "In the name of God (Allah), the Compassionate and Merciful.” However, if God is omnipotent and omnibenevolent, he must want to remove evil and suffering. So if God is truly both, there should be no evil and suffering in the world. The problem for Muslims is that there is.
42
Explain 2 Muslim responses to non-religious attitudes about why people suffer (SOWA):
Muslims believe that there is a meaning to the Universe. Humans have been given a mind to realise there is something greater than themselves (God) to serve and worship. God cannot be blamed for evil that humans cause each other. "Anything bad is ultimately from yourself" - Qur’an Suffering, including at times of tragedy, such as natural disaster, can teach resilience and provide opportunities for humans to demonstrate their potential to do good, such as acting charitably. The Qur’an says that suffering is to test humans and grow them: “Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity.” Islam teaches people to relieve the pain and suffering of others. This is part of their role as khalifahs (trustees) of the Earth, and has inspired many Muslims to set up and support humanitarian causes. Muslims believe that while suffering may seem random or unjust from a human perspective, it is part of Allah's divine plan, which is ultimately wise and just, as mentioned in the Qur’an: who say, when struck by a disaster, “Surely to Allah we belong and to Him we will all return. They are the ones who will receive Allah’s blessings and mercy.” Muslims view suffering as a test or trial from Allah, designed to strengthen faith and character, where believers are tested to see who among them is truthful in their faith and actions. The Qur’an says: “We indeed tested those who went before them” Muslims believe in the importance of addressing social injustices and alleviating the suffering of others through acts of charity, advocacy, and community support, as exemplified by the teachings of Prophet Muhammad and highlighted in various verses of the Qur'an.
43
Explain 2 divergent Muslim teachings about why people suffer (SOWA):
One Muslim belief about why people suffer is due to their choice of moving away from Allah. Allah therefore punishes them for consciously choosing to move away from Him. They believe humans have been endowed with reason and understanding so that they may follow the "right path" shown to them by prophets and thereby achieve nearness to God. However, if they do not make proper use of their intelligence, then an unpleasant afterlife awaits them - "blazing Fire for the disbelievers" as per the Qur’an A second belief why people suffer is due to their own actions (the idea of free will). This involves making choices of our own, which are sometimes poor ones. Therefore, suffering is inevitable as the consequences of the actions were bound to happen. Thus, people who misuse their freedom will act against the fitrah given to them at birth. In this way, any evil is down to humans themselves and is the cause of suffering. "Anything bad is ultimately from yourself" - Qur’an
44
Explain 2 non-religious attitudes about why people suffer (SOWA):
Humanists believe suffering is a natural part of life, caused by things like poverty and inequality, that most people go through inevitably. They think we can reduce suffering by working together for fairness and justice. The Understanding Humanism website says: “Humanists do not believe that all events are part of some bigger plan or that 'everything happens for a reason'. It is up to human beings to reduce suffering where they can” They may say suffering can come from trauma, stress, or mental health issues. They help people deal with suffering by understanding their feelings and finding ways to cope. 2.4 - Punishment:
45
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about punishment:
Islam promotes the principle of qisas - which is the law of retaliation “You who believe, fair retribution [qisas] is prescribed to you in cases of murder … the man for the man …“ Punishment should be proportional to the crime committed, without distinction Some Muslims punishment is necessary to reduce the crime rate Muslims always aim to forgive before using punishment Muslims believe the punishment should aim to bring about justice for the victim/family Capital punishment is not always necessary, as an option can be given for the relatives of the victim to forgive the murder Blood money can be a form of punishment if the victim’s family approves
46
Outline 3 types of punishment:
One type of punishment is imprisonment for a fixed period of time. Another type is a fine, which is a financial penalty, failure to pay which will result in imprisonment. A third type of punishment is community service where criminals do unpaid work in the community.
47
Outline 3 reasons why punishment is needed in society:
To show crimes are not acceptable because the law (deterrence) and that criminals should face appropriate consequences (retribution) To keep society safe from offenders (protection) To allow criminals to realise the error of their ways (reform)
48
Outline 3 Muslim teachings on why punishment can be regarded as justice:
Punishment is regarded as justice as it allows the family to get back at the criminal Punishment is regarded as justice as it ensures criminals face the consequences of their actions Punishment is regarded as justice as it deters other criminals from commiting crime
49
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs about the nature and use of punishment (SOWA):
Islam promotes the principle of Qisas, which Muslims also believe in. This means dealing justly with a criminal who is guilty of a serious offence, such as murder. Qisas aims to provide an effective and practical means to safeguard human life. If a person shows callous disregard for the life of another human, they lose their right to remain a member of society, unless those directly affected choose to forgive them. Punishment should be proportional to the crime committed, without distinction. "Fair retribution [qisas] is prescribed for you in cases of murder" Muslims believe capital punishment is not always necessary. This is because Islam teaches that punishments that are in proportion to the crime committed are to be given to offenders, without distinction, as all are equal before the law, regardless of their status. Rather, an option is given for the relatives of the victim to forgive the murderer, either with or without the payment of blood money. Muslims always aim to forgive before using punishment. This is a form of situation ethics.
50
Explain 2 divergent teachings on the use of punishment (SOWA):
Some Muslims believe punishment is necessary as it stops criminals from reoffending. This is important as it shows how punishment decreases overall crime rate leading to a more harmonious society. The Qur’an also says: “each evil deed will be requited by its equal”. So it is justice to give punishment to the criminal. Some Muslims believe in trying to forgive the criminal before using punishment. This is significant as Prophet Mohammad is considered the 'one true role model' in Islam and he forgave lots of people rather than punishing them such as Abu Sufyan before the victory of Makkah. The Qur’an also says: “if the culprit is pardoned by his aggrieved brother … the culprit shall pay what is due in a good way” (blood money)
51
Explain 2 reasons why punishment is needed in society (SOWA):
Punishment is necessary to show others that actions have consequences. This is important as it shows how it also discourages others from commiting crime so it stops people from going to Jahannam. Muslims believe punishment is important as it upholds justice by ensuring that individuals are held accountable for their actions, regardless of their status or influence, thus maintaining a fair and orderly society. “You who believe, fair retribution [qisas] is prescribed to you in cases of murder … the man for the man …“ Another reason is to keep society safe from offenders. By punishment such as imprisonment, dangerous criminals are not exposed to the citizens, lowering the likelihood of crime and reducing the crime rate as a result.
52
Explain 2 reasons why punishment is important for Muslims (SOWA):
Punishment is important for Muslims because Islam teaches that criminals should be punished for their crimes. Islam also teaches that Muslims should not commit crimes because any crime is a sin against God. Therefore, those who commit crimes will not only be punished by the law, but they will also face the judgement of God on the Last Day. This deters them from committing crimes in the first place. Another reason is that the Qur'an sets down specific punishments for particular crimes (Hudud) - these range from whipping to amputation to death. Surah 5 says that the punishment for theft is cutting off the thief's hand as an example, from God, for their crime. Surah 42 says that “punishment for an injury should be a similar injury”, but compensation can replace this if the victim agrees to it. This makes punishment important for Muslims because these are set out by the Qur'an, and is a form of authority to which they are to listen to, as the Qur’an is the infallible Word of God. Punishment is a form of judgement set by God. The Qur’an says: “those who do not judge according to what God has revealed are lawbreakers”
53
Explain 2 reasons why Muslims believe punishment to be a form of justice (SOWA):
One reason is because punishment is regarded as justice as it allows the family to get back at the criminal, as they wish. As the family has been hurt emotionally or financially as a result of the crime, punishment of their choice is justice as it eases their difficulty and also acts as a deterrent to prevent the same emotional burden for other families. The Qur’an says: "Fair retribution [qisas] is prescribed for you in cases of murder" Another reason is that punishment is regarded as justice as it ensures criminals face the consequences of their actions. By giving punishment to criminals who offend, the criminals realise that committing crimes will cost them and allow them to learn in the future that they should not do them, acting as a deterrent which is justice to the criminal’s wellbeing and shows them the effect of consequences. The Qur’an says: “each evil deed will be requited by its equal” 2.5 - Aims of Punishment:
54
Outline 3 aims of punishment:
One aim of punishment is retribution - the idea that criminals should be punished for what they have done. Another aim is deterrence - the theory that punishments should be harsh to discourage people from committing crimes. A third aim is reformation, the theory that punishment should teach criminals not to commit crimes again. A final aim is protection - the notion that punishment should protect society from criminals, so people feel safe
55
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs toward the use of punishment for reformation:
Punishment should try to stop criminals from reoffending Punishment should offer criminals a second chance Punishment should allow criminals to reflect on the crime they have committed
56
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs toward the use of punishment for deterrence:
Punishment should put others off doing crime Punishment for deterrence leads people away from Jahannam Punishment for deterrence encourages is considered important for promoting obedience to Islamic Teachings
57
Outline 3 Muslims beliefs toward the use of punishment for retribution:
Punishment should allow the criminal to pay for their crimes Punishment should allow the criminal to think about the consequences of their actions Punishment should give the victims relatives some compensation for the crime the criminal committed
58
Outline 3 Muslims beliefs toward the use of punishment for protection:
Punishment should keep society safe by stopping criminals from causing harm to others. Punishment should ensure that individuals feel secure in their communities, knowing that offenders are being held accountable for their actions. Punishment should act as a deterrent to potential offenders, discouraging them from engaging in criminal behaviour and contributing to the overall safety of society.
59
Outline 3 Quranic teachings about punishment:
The Quran states punishment is designed to create a better society for everyone The Quran encourages forgiveness as alternatives to punishment The Quran states punishment should be proportional to the crime
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Explain 2 Quranic teachings about punishment (SOWA):
One teaching from the Qur'an about punishment is that people should not commit suicide as a means of escaping from the punishments from their sins. The Quran teaches that people should face the consequences of their actions and learn from their mistakes. This is evidenced through the Qur’an, "Do not kill each other", which is also interpreted to mean "Do not kill yourselves". A second teaching from the Qur'an about punishment is that punishments imposed are not designed to make an individual suffer or for an act of revenge. While some penalties appear harsh, there are certain rules and conditions that must apply for the punishment to actually take place. Any punishment is only for the better of the society, and because "God is most forgiving", there are these conditions for the punishment. The Qur’an also teaches that "God will accept ... repentance", suggesting Allah will forgive anyone who repents after their crime so that they can reform. The Quran states punishment should be proportional to the crime. This is important as it ensures a just and balanced response to wrongdoing. Allah's justice is expressed through one of his 99 names "Al-Adl' meaning All-Just. The Quran teaches Criminals should be treated with respect throughout the punishment process. This is important as is reflected in the Shariah law which Muslims have to follow.
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Explain 2 divergent Muslim attitudes to the aims of punishment (SOWA):
Some Muslims argue that retribution is the most important aim of punishment. For example, in some Muslim countries, criminals are publicly punished for committing certain offences as retribution for their crimes. Some Muslims emphasise reformation as the most important aim of punishment. Allah is merciful and forgiving, so compassion should be shown to people who commit crimes. They deserve a second chance. "He wishes to turn towards you in mercy" Muslims believe in deterrence, given that the Hadd punishments set out in the Qur'an will deter most people from committing crimes because they will be frightened of the punishment. Muslims also believe in retribution. Islam promotes the idea of blood money to make the criminal pay for their crime. Reformation is supported also through punishments such as amputation because, a thief who has had one hand cut off, for example, will never steal again in case they get the other hand cut off. This attitude is based on such Quranic teachings as Surah 5, which says that the punishment for theft is cutting off the thief's hand as an example, from God, for their crime; and Surah 42 which says that “punishment for an injury should be a similar injury”.
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Explain 2 reasons Muslims support the aims of punishment (SOWA):
Muslims support the aims of punishment as it encourages peace as less crime will occur. This is significant as one of the meanings of Islam is peace showing how punishment follows the key morals of the religion. Muslims support the aims of punishment as it helps criminals become better people. This is because they are encouraged to learn from their mistakes. This shows how punishment allows for a more harmonious society.
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Explain 2 reasons why protection as an aim of punishment is important to Muslims (SOWA):
Muslims believe that punishment serves to protect society by deterring individuals from committing crimes. By imposing penalties on wrongdoers, society can safeguard its members from harm and maintain order and security. This helps create a safe and conducive environment for people to live and thrive in accordance with Islamic principles. The Qur'an says:, "O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for Allah, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives." Punishment aims to prevent offenders from causing further harm to others by incapacitating them or restricting their ability to commit additional crimes. By holding individuals accountable for their actions and imposing consequences, the likelihood of repeat offences is reduced, thus safeguarding potential victims from future harm. This aligns with the Islamic principle of promoting peace and security within the community, as stated in the Qur'an, "And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah."
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Explain 2 reasons why retribution as an aim of punishment is important to Muslims (SOWA):
Muslims believe in the principle of qisas, or retribution, as a means of restoring justice and balance in society. According to Islamic law, retribution ensures that offenders face consequences proportional to their crimes, thereby fulfilling the principle of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." This form of justice provides closure to victims and their families and deters individuals from taking the law into their own hands. The Qur'an says: “You who believe, fair retribution [qisas] is prescribed to you in cases of murder … the man for the man …“ Retribution serves as a deterrent against committing crimes by instilling fear of facing similar consequences. Muslims believe that the fear of retribution acts as a deterrent to potential offenders, dissuading them from engaging in unlawful behaviour and upholding societal norms and values. "And We ordained for them therein a life for a life”
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Explain 2 reasons why deterrence as an aim of punishment is important to Muslims (SOWA):
Deterrence aims to stop people from committing crimes in the first place. When criminals know they'll face punishment for their actions, they're less likely to break the law. This helps to keep society safe and peaceful. The Qur'an teaches, "And if you punish … punish with an equivalent of that with which you were harmed.” Deterrence also protects society by making sure people follow the rules. When everyone knows there are consequences for bad behaviour, they're more likely to behave well. This creates a better and safer community for everyone to live in.
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Explain 2 reasons why reformation as an aim of punishment is important to Muslims (SOWA):
Reformation offers people who have done wrong a chance to change their ways and become better individuals. Instead of just punishing them, Islam believes in helping them learn from their mistakes and become good people again. This promotes forgiveness and compassion. "But whoever repents after his wrongdoing and reforms, indeed, Allah will turn to him in forgiveness." Reformation aims to help people who have gone astray find their way back to goodness. By guiding them to repent for their sins and improve themselves, Islam seeks to restore their moral character and make them better members of society. This teaches the importance of taking responsibility for one's actions and seeking redemption. The Qur’an says to be compassionate because “man was created weak” and therefore people should “not kill each other, for God is merciful to you” 2.6 - Forgiveness:
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Outline 3 examples of how society forgives criminals:
One example of society forgiving criminals is via the UK government shows forgiveness by helping offenders through the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act. A second example are business owners who show forgiveness by helping to rehabilitate offenders by giving them work opportunities and training. Another example would be charities working to help ex-offenders to become law-abiding members of society such as Nacro.
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Outline 3 reasons why forgiveness is important to Muslims:
Allah is all-forgiving Prophet Mohammad taught to forgive - “no retribution shall be exacted from you this day” Forgiveness means less hatred therefore uniting the Ummah
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Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about the nature of forgiveness:
Allah is the “most forgiving and loves forgiveness” according to the Hadith, and one of His names is Al-Ghafoor Prophet Muhammad was a model of forgiveness - he “freely forgave the Koreysh” says Stanely Lane Poole Forgiveness is considered a virtuous trait in Islam, encouraged as to resolve conflicts While Allah is forgiving, Muslims believe that they have a duty to seek forgiveness for their wrongdoings
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Outline 3 ways offenders are forgiven in Islam:
Offenders are forgiven if they sincerely repent to Allah Offenders are forgiven if they sincerely apologise to the victims family (or give blood money) Offenders are also forgiven through restorative justice
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Outline 3 steps of restorative justice:
Repentance from the offender Forgiveness from the victim or victim’s family Reconciliation between the two parties
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Outline 3 Muslim beliefs about restorative justice:
Muslims believe working for restorative Justice makes them a better person To achieve restorative Justice, one must repent To achieve restorative justice, the victim or victim's family must forgive the offender
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Outline 3 reasons why restorative justice is important to criminals:
Allah is all-forgiving Prophet Mohammad taught to forgive - “no retribution shall be exacted from you this day” Restorative justice means less hatred therefore uniting the Ummah
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Explain 2 reasons why forgiveness is important for Muslims (SOWA):
Forgiveness is important for Muslims because on the Day of Judgement God will deal with everyone as they deserve, but Muslims will be able to request his mercy. Muslims must be prepared to forgive others, however, if they wish to ask for God's forgiveness for themselves. Allah is merciful and forgives those who are sorry and repent for what they have done wrong. One of the names of Allah is Al Ghafoor, which means forgiving, and so this is how Muslims should be towards others. Despite it can be difficult, Muslims believe this is a test from Allah, and if you forgive, Allah will be pleased with you. Another reason is that the Qur'an says that Muslims should forgive other people's sins against them and Muslims should obey the Qur'an as they believe it is the word of God. "Anyone who forgives and puts things right will have his reward from God himself". The Qur'an promotes forgiveness as a means to lead to reconciliation between people, and since one of the meanings of Islam is Peace, Muslims can forgive to make the world more peaceful. A final reason is that many of Muhammad's sayings in the Hadith say that Muslims should forgive others that have offended them and bring reconciliation to all conflicts. Strive to be like Prophet Muhammad and Allah. He “freely forgave the Koreysh” says Stanely Lane Poole, and Professor Laura Vaglieri says: “in him were blended justice and mercy, two of the noblest qualities” in An Interpretation of Islam
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Explain 2 Muslim beliefs about the nature and use of restorative justice (SOWA):
Islam forbids entertaining feelings of malice and harbouring grudges against individuals. Muslims believe Islam is a practical religion that gives solutions to problems. It adopts the golden mean with punishment. If it is believed that justice will bring about reformation, then this should be exercised, whereas, if forgiveness is better, then compassion should be shown. For this reason, Muslims believe that restorative justice is an opportunity for criminals to make amends for their offences (thus restoring justice), as well as a chance for forgiveness. This also leads to good as they "will have his reward from God himself" The Islamic form of restorative justice was established in the early days of Islam and is preserved in the Prophet's Madinah Charter. Muslims believe restorative justice is important for criminals because, by putting them in direct contact with those they have affected, they can begin the process of compensating for their offence.
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Explain 2 reasons why restorative justice is important for criminals (SOWA):
Restorative justice is important for criminals as it puts them in direct contact with those they have affected. This enables them to see for themselves what impact their actions have had on others. Restorative Justice is important for criminals as it allows them to make amends for their crimes. They will learn that actions have consequences and will gain the chance to become better people who can contribute positively to society. The Qur’an says: “tell believers to forgive … He will requite people for what they have done”
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Explain 2 reasons why restorative justice is important for Muslims (SOWA):
It offers the victim and offender an opportunity to make peace. This is significant as the Quran states 'the best believers are those who promote peace.' This shows how restorative justice can help Muslims improve their relationship with Allah. Prophet Mohammad taught Muslims to forgive and make peace. This is important as Mohammad is the second most important figure in Islam and considered a role model for all Muslims, and is also mentioned in the Madinah Charter. 2.7 - Treatment of Criminals:
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Outline 3 human rights criminals should have under the UN Declaration on Human Rights:
The UN Declaration says that criminals should have a right to be treated humanely while in custody. It says that torture must never be used. It also says that criminals should have a fair trial with a legal representative at their trial.
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Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about the treatment of criminals:
Criminals have the right to a fair trial They should be treated humanely and given their basic needs (The Qur’an says: “give food to the captive”) Some Muslims believe they should not be tortured no matter the offence
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Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about human rights:
Every person is valuable and deserves respect because Allah created them. Everyone should be treated fairly by the law, no matter who they are. Muslims must stand up for justice and protect the rights of all people.
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Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about a fair trial:
People are considered innocent until proven guilty to make sure nobody is unfairly punished. Everyone accused of a crime has the right to a lawyer to help them in court. Judges must be fair and make decisions based on evidence and Islamic principles.
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Explain 2 Muslim teachings about the treatment of criminals (SOWA):
Muslims believe criminals should be treated with mercy. This is because Allah is referenced in the Quran as 'all-merciful' Muslims believe they should put Allah's characteristics into practice in their own lives, showing how treating a criminal with mercy may improve one's relationship with God. Some Muslims believe criminals should never be tortured whatever the circumstance. This is because the Prophet Mohammad didn't believe in torture and all Muslims should aim to be like him.
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Explain 2 divergent Muslim views on torture (SOWA):
Some Muslim groups such as the IS support torture. Because they believe it can be useful to gain knowledge from captives and prevent further harm, as the information could be very valuable to them. The vast majority of Muslims reject torture. This is because it goes against the teachings of prophet Muhammad and He is the perfect role model for all Muslims. These Muslims would also reject the position of ethical theories such as situation ethics and utilitarianism which may accept the use of torture for the greater good, because Muhammad never used such principles. The Qu’ran also says: ‘Verily Allah will torture those who torture people in this world’
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Explain 2 reasons why fair treatment of criminals is important to Muslims (SOWA):
Muslims believe Allah is merciful and forgiving as shown by the quote from the Quran 'Allah is most forgiving.' and he wishes Muslims to do the same. Showing how treating everyone with mercy can help Muslims with their relationship with God Muslims believe everybody should be treated with fairness and dignity nevertheless. They should be treated humanely and given their basic needs (The Qur’an says: “give food to the captive”).
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Explain 2 reason why Muslims believe a fair trial/trial by jury is important (SOWA):
Muslims think fair trials ensure that everyone is treated fairly, with evidence deciding the outcome instead of bias. This follows Islamic values of fairness and equality. The Qur'an says, "Be persistently standing firm in justice” Fair trials protect people's rights and prevent unjust accusations or punishments. They ensure a transparent assessment of evidence, reducing wrongful convictions. This upholds the dignity and rights of all individuals. The Qur'an emphasises, "And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden, except by right."
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Explain 2 different Muslim attitudes to the treatment of criminals (SOWA):
Many Muslims support severe punishments such as caning and capital punishment. They believe this type of punishment has a purpose, to deter crime from being committed in the future and allows a victim to receive full retribution. However, Muslims believe that criminals should be treated fairly whilst waiting for their trial, once they have been convicted and when they are punished as Everyone was created by Allah and therefore deserves respect. They have a right to a fair trial: - A person should be considered to be innocent until they are proven guilty. - They should have fair representation as well as the right to put forward their account of events. Muslims should be merciful towards prisoners - ‘They are those who …feed the captive for the love of Allah…’
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Explain 2 arguments for using torture (SOWA):
The torture of criminals is permitted if they are hiding a secret which will harm the innocent (for example, the location of a bomb) In the time of Muhammad there are suggestions that torture was allowed for the purpose of interrogation The Qur’an suggests that severe forms of punishment involving pain and suffering could be used. Utilitarianism and situation ethics
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Explain 2 arguments against using torture (SOWA):
Muslims believe that everyone was created by Allah and therefore deserve respect. “Do not torture the creation Allah…’ The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in 1990, stated that no one should be subjected to arbitrary arrest, torture, maltreatment or indignity There are several hadith of the Prophet Muhammad which condone the use of torture ‘Verily Allah will torture those who torture people in this world’
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Explain 2 arguments why reforming criminals is more important (SOWA):
Muslims believe Allah is merciful and forgiving (al-Ghafoor) and so should they be. Muslim Chaplains association working towards the resettlement of prisoners and the prevention of reoffending upon release.
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Explain 2 arguments why punishing criminals is more important (SOWA):
Retribution is important , a criminal should pay for their crime - “And we ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth” Imprisoning criminals protects society, which in turn will create a more stable society and prevent further crimes. This is part of Muslim’s responsibility as vicegerents. Punishing criminals acts as deterrence to others “As to the thief cut off his or her hands: a punishment by way of example, from God of their crime” Shariah Law has strict rules to ensure everyone is treated fairly. These should be followed Allah commands that crimes are punished - “God commands justice” 2.8 - The Death Penalty:
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Outline 3 purposes of the death penalty:
Deters people from commiting crimes Brings about justice Protects society from criminals State 3 crimes punishable by the death penalty: Murder Adultery Apostasy
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Outline 3 Muslim responses to non religious views about capital punishment:
Allah is just , therefore justice has to be carried out even if it means killing someone Some Muslims agree with the non religious view that life is special and shouldn't be ended without good reason Many Muslims emphasise while the Quran permits capital punishment for certain crimes, it encourages forgiveness instead
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Outline 3 reasons why Humanists are against capital punishment:
Humanists are against capital punishment because people are sometimes convicted for offences which it is later proved they did not commit and nothing can be done if they have been executed. Another reason is also because statistics show that those countries which do not use the death penalty have a lower murder rate. A third reason is that human life is the most important thing there is so no one has the right to take it.
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Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings of the death penalty:
The death penalty is allowed in Islam as a form of retribution for severe crimes like murder, following the principle of qisas. It is believed to deter others from committing similar crimes by showing severe consequences. While permitted, Islam also emphasises mercy and rehabilitation in the form of blood money as an alternative
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Explain 2 reasons why Muslims believe in capital punishment (SOWA):
One reason why Muslims believe in capital punishment is because Muhammad made several statements agreeing with capital punishment for murder, adultery and apostasy. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the seal of the prophets whose words should be obeyed. The following is a quotation from the Hadith that outlines Muhammad's statement: "in one of three cases: married adulterer, a life for a life, and the deserter of his Din (Islam)" (Hadith - Sahih Muslim) Another reason is that the death penalty is a punishment set down in the Qur'an. Indeed, Surah 5 says that the punishment for those who act against Islam is execution, or crucifixion, or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite sides. Many Muslims emphasise that while the Qur'an permits capital punishment for certain crimes, it prefers believers to forgive. They believe that Allah is just, therefore justice must be carried out even if it means putting someone to death, when it is required.
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Explain 2 reasons why Muslims do not believe in capital punishment (SOWA):
Firstly, life is considered to be sacred in Islam, and therefore, taking someone's life is a serious offence. The Quran states that "Whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely". Since some Muslims believe sometimes humans can make mistakes on whether a certain action is good or bad, and only God knows, they deem that it is better to leave the consequences of an individual's crime up to Allah, and so prefer not to use the death penalty. Secondly, Islam promotes forgiveness and mercy, even towards those who have committed heinous crimes. The Prophet Muhammad is reported to have said, "Show mercy to those on the earth, and the One above the heavens will show mercy to you" (Tirmidhi). This Hadith highlights the importance of showing compassion and forgiveness towards others, even if they have wronged us. So some Muslims prefer to act mercifully when they have the opportunity, so as to promote peace and reform.
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Explain 2 purposes of the death penalty (SOWA):
Muslims believe the death penalty deters people from committing crimes. This is important as it shows how it decreases overall crime rate and makes society safer Muslims believe the death penalty brings about justice. This is important as one of Allah's 99 names is 'Al-adl' meaning all Just. Muslims try to implement characteristics of Allah into their daily life. Showing how the death penalty may lead them closer to God
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Explain 2 divergent about the use of capital punishment (SOWA):
Some Muslims support capital punishment, this is because it deters others from commiting crime. This is significant as it shows how the death penalty leads to a more harmonious society. Some Muslims don't support capital punishment, this is because the Quran states 'if you kill one person it is as if you have killed the whole of mankind.' This shows how some Muslims interpret capital punishment to be a major sin and may lead them towards Jahannam.
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Explain 2 Muslim responses to non religious views about capital punishment (SOWA):
Muslims believe Allah is just. This is seen through one of his 99 names 'Al-adl' This means he will do whatever it takes to achieve Justice even if it means killing someone. Muslims agree with the non religious view that life is special and shouldn't be ended for no reason. This is because they believe all humans’ life comes from God so should be valued.
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Explain 2 arguments why Muslims would support capital punishment (SOWA):
The Qur’an says that the death penalty can be used for some crimes - murder, adultery and apostasy (someone working against Islam) “The punishment of those who wage war against God … is execution, or crucifixion” “Take not life, which God hath made sacred, except by way of justice and the law” Shari’ah law agrees with the Qur’an and in countries where shari’ah law is used, the death penalty can be used. According to the Qur’an the death penalty can only be used as a last resort, which removes the concern of some that innocent people could be put to death. Muhammad made statements suggesting he agreed with the death penalty. “It is not permissible to take the life of a Muslim who bears testimony …, but in one of the three cases: the married adulterer, a life for life, and the deserter of his Din (Islam), abandoning the community” When Muhammad was the ruler of Medina, he sentenced people to death for committing murder. Adul A’la Maudidi says: “Killing him is preferable. That way both his agony and the agony of society are ended simultaneously”
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Explain 2 arguments why Muslims would reject capital punishment (SOWA):
The scholars of Shari’ah law do not agree on the rules of how and when the death penalty should be used, so some Muslims feel it may not be applied fairly. Capital punishment is recommended by the Qur’an, but not compulsory, there are other option available for the punishment of offenders Muslims also believe in the sanctity of life, peace and forgiveness which are seen to conflict with the death penalty. There is a possibility that the wrong person is convicted and executed, therefore is not justice and goes against teaching in the Qur’an “Take not life, which God hath made sacred, except by way of justice and the law” Shar’iah law says that in certain circumstances, the family of a murder victim can accept money from the murdered rather than requiring the death sentence Chapter 3 - Exam-Style Questions: 3.1 - Ten Obligatory Acts:
