Islam 1 ABC Flashcards
1
Q
Outline 3 of the six Beliefs in Islam (Iman al-Mufassal):
A
The Six Beliefs: Belief in Allah (Tawhid) Belief in the angels of Allah (Malaikah) Belief in the books of Allah (Kutubullah) Belief in the messengers of Allah (Nubuwwah) Belief in the Day of Judgement (Akhirah) Belief in the decree of Allah (al-Qadr or Taqdir)
2
Q
Outline 3 of the books of Allah (Kutubullah):
A
Sahifah (Scrolls) Tawrat (Tohra) Zabur (Psalms) Injil (Gospel) Qu’ran
3
Q
Outline 3 ways how the six Beliefs (Iman al-Mufassal) are understood and expressed in Muslim communities today:
A
Recognising Allah as the creator encourages Muslims to be thankful for the life they have been given, and to express gratitude through prayer. Muslims are taught to respect the Malaikah of Allah. When Muslims end their prayers, they turn their heads to the right and left and say “peace be upon you” to the angels and anyone else they are praying to. Many Muslims study the Kutubullah as a way to improve their knowledge about different religious teachings. Lessons on other religious texts are also taught in some mosques to help Mulsims develop their understanding about different faiths. Muslims are taught about, and many named after, different prophets so that they can learn from their example. Belief in the Day of Judgement reminds Muslims about their limited time on Earth and the inevitable meeting with Allah, as expressed at funerals when a Muslim community comes together Al-Qadr teaches Muslims about the need to accept God’s will, and many will seek blessings on a special night called Laylat al-Qadr (“Night of Power”)
4
Q
Outline 3 purposes of the six Beliefs (Iman al-Mufassal) for Muslims:
A
To believe in Allah, angels, holy books, prophets, life after death, and fate. To explain parts of Islam that aren’t visible, like angels and the afterlife. To make faith stronger and guide daily actions based on important Islamic ideas.
5
Q
Outline 3 beliefs which are shared by Sunni and Shi’a Muslims:
A
Allah is the one true God. The holy books should be respected. Sunni and Shi’a Muslims share many of the same holy books. The prophets should be respected. Sunni and Shi’a Muslims believe in many of the same prophets. Angels passed on messages to the prophets. There will be a Day of Judgement.
6
Q
Explain 2 features about the split of Sunni and Shi’a Muslims (SOWA):
A
One feature is that there was disagreement over who should be the next religious leader (khalifah) leading the Muslim community following the death of Prophet Muhammad. Sunni Muslims accepted the authority of Abu Bakr, whereas Shi’a Muslims felt Ali should have been the leader. Shi’a Muslims say all leaders should be from the ahl al-bayt, such as Ali because he was raised in Muhammad’s house. Prophet Muhammad said, “If you do not find me, then go to Abu Bakr.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3659) “The Messenger of Allah said: ‘Take as your leaders those who come after me, Abu Bakr and ‘Umar.’” (Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 3805) Sunni Muslims do not follow the five roots of Usul ad-Din, whereas Shi’a Muslims do, on top of the six Beliefs both groups follow.
7
Q
Explain 2 divergent beliefs between Sunnis and Shias (SOWA):
A
Sunni Muslims do not follow the five roots of ‘Usul ad-Din, whereas Shi’a Muslims do, on top of the six Beliefs both groups follow. Another divergent belief is that there was disagreement over who should be the next religious leader (khalifah) leading the Muslim community following the death of Prophet Muhammad. Sunni Muslims accepted the authority of Abu Bakr, whereas Shi’a Muslims felt Ali should have been the leader. Shi’a Muslims say all leaders should be from the ahl al-bayt, such as Ali because he was raised in Muhammad’s house. Prophet Muhammad said, “If you do not find me, then go to Abu Bakr.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3659)
8
Q
Explain 2 of the six Beliefs (Iman al-Mufassal) in Islam (SOWA):
A
One belief is known as al-Qadr or Taqdir (the decree of Allah). This is the Muslim belief that Allah has supreme power of the universe, and that He has also given humans free will, making us responsible for our own destiny. Allah will not interfere unless He wishes to. A second belief is in the belief of Allah (Tawhid). Muslims believe this is the most important belief as Allah is the Supreme Being, creator of the universe. Without Him, nothing would exist. The Qur’an says: “Your Lord is Allah , who created the heavens and earth in six days”. Another belief is in the angels of Allah (Malaikah). Muslims believe that these are heavenly beings created by Allah to perform various tasks, such as delivering his messages to people. Another belief is in the Day of Judgement (Akhirah). The Qur’an teaches that eventually the entire universe will end. The dead will be resurrected and accounts will be taken of their deeds. Allah will judge whether people go to paradise (jannah) or hell (jahannam).
9
Q
Explain 2 ways how the six Beliefs (Iman al-Mufassal) are understood and expressed in Muslim communities today (SOWA):
A
Muslims express gratitude for life by recognising Allah as the creator, a belief central to Iman al-Mufassal. They do this through daily prayers which serve as a constant reminder of Allah’s blessings. The Qur’an says: “Remember Me; I will remember you. And thank Me, and never be ungrateful.” Reflecting the belief in angels, Muslims demonstrate respect for the Malaikah of Allah by acknowledging their presence in prayers and extending greetings of peace to them, as an expression of reverence and acknowledgment of the unseen world. They do this by turning their heads to the right and left when they end prayer and saying “peace be upon you” to the angels and anyone else they are praying next to. The Qur’an says: “Those angels who glorify the praises of their Lord, have faith in Him, and seek forgiveness for the believers” Many Muslims study the Kutubullah as a way to improve their knowledge about different religious teachings. Lessons on other religious texts are also taught in some mosques to help Mulsims develop their understanding about different faiths. The Hadith says: “Behold, I have left among you two things … the Qur’an and my Sunnah”
10
Q
Explain 2 reasons why the six Beliefs (Iman al-Mufassal) are important to Muslims (SOWA):
A
The six beliefs are important to Muslims because they summarise the Muslim faith and tell Muslims what they must believe. They are based on verses from the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam, and from a Hadith of Muhammad himself which says that Muslims must “‘affirm [their] faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His meeting, His Messengers and that you affirm your faith in the Resurrection hereafter.’” Another reason the beliefs are important is because the first belief in God’s unity shows that Muslims believe God is the only one, the all-powerful creator who is the same God worshipped by Jews and Christians. This becomes the most important belief for Muslims as it reminds them of their shared faith, thereby helping them bond with other religions, and evokes their gratitude to Allah for creating the universe, as without this, nothing would exist. The six Beliefs, mentioned in the Kitab al-iman Hadith, form the foundation of Sunni Muslim’s faith. It is compulsory to believe in each of the principles. By following these beliefs, Sunni Muslims believe they are on the right path and will earn the pleasure of Allah. 1.2 - The Six Beliefs:
11
Q
Outline 3 of the 5 roots of ‘Usul ad-Din (Shi’a Islam):
A
Tawhid (belief in oneness of Allah) Nubuwwah (belief in prophethood) Adalat (belief in Divine Justice Allah upholds) Imamah (belief in God-given leadership) Mi’ad (belief in Day of Judgement and Resurrection)
12
Q
Outline 3 purposes of the 5 roots of ‘Usul ad-Din:
A
Help Shi’a Muslims focus on most important aspects of their faith Inform Shi’a Muslims how they should act in daily life Deepen Shi’a Muslims faith in Islamic teachings and principles, making their personal relationship with Allah stronger and more affiliated Can improve chances of them going to Jannah (heaven) after death if followed
13
Q
Explain 2 reasons why Tawhid (the belief in the one God; the oneness of Allah) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
A
Tawhid is crucial because it’s the foundation of Islamic faith, ensuring Muslims worship only one God, Allah, as stated in the Shahada, the declaration of faith: “There is no god but Allah.” It unifies Muslims in their devotion, fostering a sense of belonging and community, as they share a common belief in the absolute oneness of Allah, which is exemplified in the daily recitation of the Tawhid in prayers. The Qur’an says: “Say, ‘He is Allah, [who is] One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge.”
14
Q
Explain 2 reasons why Nubuwwah (the belief in prophethood) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
A
One reason why Nubuwwah is crucial is because it provides direct guidance and teachings from Allah through chosen prophets, allowing Muslims to receive practical instructions on leading righteous lives and navigating moral dilemmas. They can learn the different teachings from the Prophet which give a human’s approach to Islam that can deepen their faith. Prophets may have given practical messages to Muslims not found or understood in the books. The Qur’an says: “We sent a messenger to every community, saying “Worship God and shun false Gods” Another reason why Nubuwwah is crucial is because it connects Muslims to a lineage of messengers who conveyed Allah’s message throughout history, inspiring believers to uphold moral virtues and overcome challenges. “Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example” Surah Al-Ahzab (33:21)
15
Q
Explain 2 reasons why Adalat (the belief in Allah’s Divine Justice) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
A
One reason why Adalat is important is because it assures Muslims that Allah is just, ensuring that good deeds are rewarded and injustices are rectified, providing a sense of fairness and accountability in life. One of the 99 beautiful names of Allah is Al-Adl, meaning “The Just”. The Qur’an says: “And your Lord is not ever unjust”. Another reason why Adalat is important is because it offers solace to believers in times of hardship, as they trust in Allah’s promise of ultimate justice in the Hereafter, where all deeds will be accounted for and justice will prevail. The Qur’an says: “And never think that Allah is unaware of what the wrongdoers do. He only delays them …” Another reason why it is important is because Muslims believe it is also important for them also to demonstrate fairness in everything they do. They believe they should try to learn and implement some of the qualities of Allah, and fairness is one example. The Tuhaf al-Uqul says: “I advise you of being just towards both friend and foe”
16
Q
Explain 2 reasons why Imamah (the belief in God-given leadership) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
A
One reason why Imamah is important is because it ensures continuity and guidance in the Muslim community, providing a divinely appointed leader to interpret religious teachings, resolve disputes, and guide believers in matters of faith and practice. The Qur’an says: “O you who have believed, obey … the Messenger and those in authority among you.” Therefore, it becomes important as the Qur’an is the Infallible Word of God. Another reason why Imamah is important is because it fosters unity and stability within the Muslim ummah (community), as believers rally around a central leader who upholds Islamic principles, promotes justice, and preserves the cohesion of the community. The Qur’an says: “And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided.”
17
Q
Explain 2 reasons why Mi’ad (the belief in the Day of Judgement and Resurrection) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
A
One reason why Mi’ad is important is because it serves as a reminder of accountability, motivating Muslims to lead righteous lives and fulfil their obligations to Allah and humanity, knowing that they will be held to account for their actions on the Day of Judgement. The Qur’an says: “So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it.” Another reason why Mi’ad is important is because it offers hope and justice to those who have suffered injustices in this world, assuring believers that Allah will rectify all wrongs and reward the righteous in the Hereafter, providing comfort and solace amidst life’s trials and tribulations. The Qur’an says: “And We will regard what they have done of deeds and make them as dust dispersed.”
18
Q
Explain 2 reasons why the 5 roots of ‘Usul ad-Din are important to different Shi’a communities (SOWA):
A
The five roots are important for Shi’a Muslims because they show what Shias must believe to be true Shi’a Muslims. They also show what differentiates Shi’a Muslims from Sunni Muslims, especially root 4, which sums up Shi’a belief in the Imams. Indeed, there is a Shi’a hadith which says that “whoever dies without an imam then his death is a death of jahiliyyah”. The five roots are also important because they believe that unless they understand and believe the five roots, they will not be able to perform the acts of worship necessary to live the Muslim life. While all Shi’a Muslims believe they are obeying the commands of Allah, Prophet Muhammad, and the ahl al-bayt, some Shi’a communities, such as Twelvers and Seveners, follow different imams who have authority from Allah. One reason why the 5 roots of ‘Usul ad-Din are important to different Shi’a communities is because they provide a framework for understanding and interpreting religious teachings, guiding believers in matters of faith and practice, ensuring unity and coherence within the community. The Qur’an says: “And those who were given knowledge see that what is revealed to you from your Lord is the truth” Another reason why the 5 roots of ‘Usul ad-Din are important is because they uphold the authority of the Imams as the divinely appointed successors of Prophet Muhammad, ensuring continuity and guidance in matters of faith and leadership within Shi’a communities. The Qur’an says: “And We made from among them leaders guiding by Our command”
19
Q
Explain 2 reasons why the 5 roots of ‘Usul ad-Din are important to Sevener Shi’a communities (SOWA):
A
One reason is that these principles define their faith, guiding their practices and beliefs. Another reason is that they provide a framework for understanding their relationship with Allah and the universe.
20
Q
Explain 2 reasons why the 5 roots of ‘Usul ad-Din are important to Twelver Shi’a communities (SOWA):
A
One reason is that these principles form the core of their faith and identity. Another reason is that they offer a comprehensive understanding of divine order and human role.
21
Q
Explain 2 ways that a Muslim can show their commitment to their faith (SOWA):
A
By reciting and understanding the Qur’an, which is the holiest book for Muslims as it is Allah’s final revelation and is free from any distortion By naming their children after prophets. This is because, by doing this, the children are encouraged to try to develop similar qualities to the prophet they have been named after. 1.3 - The Nature of Allah:
22
Q
Outline 3 ways the characteristics of Allah are shown in the Qur’an:
A
More than 100 characteristics of Allah appear in the Qur’an Allah’s mercy is shown as 113 out of 114 of the surahs (chapters) in the Qur’an starts with the words: “In the name of God, the Lord of Mercy, the Giver of Mercy”. This is known as Bismillah. Allah’s omnipotence is shown in the Qur’an where it says “He has power over all things” Allah’s immanence is shown in the Qur’an where it says “We are closer to him than his jugular vein” Allah’s beneficence is shown in the Qur’an where it says “your Lord’s bounty is not restricted”
23
Q
Outline 3 reasons why Allah’s characteristics are important:
A
While Muslims believe it is impossible to fully comprehend Allah, knowing some of His attributes helps them to understand something of His nature Understanding Allah’s nature enables Muslims to establish a close relationship with him through worship, which according to the Qur’an is the very reason why humans were created Knowing about Allah can also help Muslims strive to reflect his certain divine attributes, and thus become a reflection of His characteristics in society
24
Q
Outline 3 of Allah’s 99 Beautiful names/qualities:
A
Al-Baseer (The All-seeing) Al-Adl (The utterly Just) Ar-Raheem (The bestower of Mercy) Al-Qadir (The Powerful) Ar-Ra’oof (The most Kind) Al-Ghafoor (The All-Forgiving) Al-Ahad (The Unique One)
25
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about Tawhid:
Muslims believe Allah is unique Muslims believe Allah is without an partner, including parents, siblings, or children To associate partners with Allah, including “false gods”, is shirk - the worst sin in Islam The Qur’an says: “Worship Allah, and shun false gods” One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Al-Ahad (The Unique One)
26
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about Allah’s immanence and transcendence:
Muslims believe that Allah is close to humans Muslims believe that through the actions of angels, Allah records everything that happens The Qur’an says: “We were never far from them” Allah’s transcendence is described in the Qur’an where it says “He established Himself on the throne”, symbolising his control over everything One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Al-Baseer (The All-seeing)
27
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about Allah’s omnipotence:
Muslims believe Allah has the power to create everything from nothing Muslims believe Allah is able to do whatever He wills Muslims believe Allah is the only authority in the universe The Qur’an says: “He has power over all things” and the “heaven and the earth belongs to Him” One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Al-Qadir (The Powerful)
28
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about Allah’s beneficence:
Muslims believe Allah is the most kindest of all beings Muslims believe Allah loves his creation, especially humans Muslims believe Allah’s kindness has no limits The Qur’an says: “your Lord’s bounty is not restricted” One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Ar-Ra’oof (The most Kind)
29
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about Allah’s mercy:
113 of the 114 surahs in the Qur’an start with the Bismillah: “In the name of God, the Lord of Mercy, the Giver of Mercy”. The Qur’an says: “My mercy embraces all things” Muslims believe Allah’s benevolent nature means everything He does is an act of kindness, including punishment One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Ar-Raheem (The bestower of Mercy)
30
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about Allah’s Fairness and Justice (Adalat):
Muslims believe that Allah is Just Muslims believe that Allah treats people fairly according to how they have lived their life Muslims learn from this aspect of Allah’s nature that they are accountable for what they have have and have not done Muslims believe that Allah expects people to show fairness in everything to do The Qur’an says: “if you judge between people, do so with justice” One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Al-Adl (The utterly Just)
31
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs about the nature of Allah:
Muslims believe that there is only one God and that he is the one and only God They also believe that Allah is omnipotent, he has complete power over the universe he has created They also believe that God is beneficent and merciful
32
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about shirk:
Muslims believe shirk, or worshipping anything besides Allah, is the biggest sin in Islam, as it undermines the concept of Tawhid (Oneness of God). Shirk can destroy a person's faith and lead them away from the teachings of Islam. Islam teaches that shirk can prevent someone from going to paradise and result in punishment after death. The Qur’an says: “Worship God and shun false gods”
33
Explain 2 of Allah’s characteristics (SOWA):
One of Allah’s characteristics is His omnipotence. Muslims believe Allah has maximal power, which allows to create everything from nothing, and is able to do whatever he wills, making him the only authority in the universe. The Qur’an says: “The earth belongs to Him … He has power over all things”. One of the 99 beautiful names of Allah is Al-Qadir (The Powerful) A second characteristic of Allah is His divine fairness and justice (Adalat). Muslims believe that being just means that Allah treats people fairly according to how they have lived their life. This aspect of Allah’s nature teaches Muslims that they are accountable for what they have and have not done, and Allah expects people to show fairness in everything they do. The Qur’an says: “if you judge between people, do so with justice”. One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Al-Adl (The utterly Just)
34
Explain 2 ways how Allah’s characteristics are shown in the Qur’an (SOWA):
One of Allah’s characteristics is His mercy. Allah’s mercy is shown as 113 out of 114 of the surahs (chapters) in the Qur’an starts with the words: “In the name of God, the Lord of Mercy, the Giver of Mercy”. This is known as Bismillah. One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Ar-Raheem (The bestower of Mercy) and is mentioned in the Qur’an. Another characteristic of Allah is His uniqueness. This is shown in the Qur’an as the Qur’an says: "Say, 'He is Allah, [who is] One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge.” Furthermore, the Qur’an also highlights Allah’s uniqueness by condemning shirk, the sin in Islam which involves associating partners with Allah, including “false gods”. The Qur’an says: “Worship God and shun false gods”. One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Al-Ahad (The Unique One) and is mentioned in the Qur’an.
35
Explain 2 ways why Allah’s characteristics are important (SOWA):
Understanding some of Allah's attributes allows Muslims to grasp aspects of His nature, fostering a deeper appreciation for His greatness and omnipotence, even though full comprehension is beyond human capacity. The Qur’an says: “Call upon Allah … He has the Greatest Names." Knowledge of Allah's nature facilitates a closer relationship between Muslims and Him through worship, as outlined in the Qur'an, which emphasises worship as the primary purpose of human creation, enabling believers to connect spiritually and fulfil their existential purpose. The Qur’an says: "And I did not create … mankind except to worship Me." "And to your Lord is the [end] goal" Awareness of Allah's attributes motivates Muslims to emulate His divine qualities in their conduct, striving to embody characteristics such as mercy, compassion, and justice, thereby contributing positively to society and reflecting the essence of Islam in their actions. The Qur’an says: "Those who believe and do righteous deeds - the Most Merciful will appoint for them affection." 1.4 - Risalah:
36
Outline 3 reasons why Risalah is important for Muslims:
Risalah helps Muslims know what God wants through messages from prophets. Prophets keep God's messages safe so everyone can learn from them. Prophets show how to live well, inspiring Muslims to be good like them. Represents how Allah communicates to people One of the six Beliefs for Sunnis and the 5 roots of ‘Usul ad-Din Allah has spoken to many prophets, and Muslims are required to follow their teachings Reminds Muslims of the common heritage they share with other faiths, particularly Judaism and Christianity Passing on the message of Allah Setting an example of how to live Being chosen by Allah to write down their message Preparing the way for the final Prophet One of the six beliefs
37
Outline 3 beliefs/teachings about prophethood (Risalah) for Muslims:
Muslims believe Allah picks prophets to share His messages and help people. Prophets get teachings from Allah, like holy books, to guide their communities. Prophets show how to be good and follow God's rules through their actions and words. Prophet Muhammad said that more than 124,000 prophets have appeared in different parts of the world “Every community has been sent a warner [prophet]” - Qur’an “... Moses, Jesus, and all the prophets by their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them” - Qur’an
38
Outline 3 prophets in Islam:
Adam Ibrahim (Abraham) Isma’il (Ishmael) Musa (Moses) Dawud (David) Isa (Jesus) Muhammad
39
Outline 3 roles of prophets for Muslims:
Prophets deliver divine messages and teachings from Allah to guide humanity on the right path. Prophets demonstrate through their actions and teachings how to live a righteous and ethical life in accordance with Allah's will. It is impossible for a prophet to commit sin. Prophets serve as intermediaries between Allah and humanity, advocating for forgiveness and mercy for believers and conveying their prayers to God, ensuring a direct connection between people and their Creator.
40
Outline 3 beliefs/teachings about Adam for Muslims:
He is believed to be the first prophet He has been called Allah’s khalifah (representative) whom the angels had to serve He is highly regarded in the Qur’an because he was chosen by Allah over all the people of his time “Truly Allah chose Adam … above all mankind” - Qur’an The story of Adam teaches Muslims to follow Allah’s commands and not allow Satan to tempt them
41
Outline 3 beliefs/teachings about Ibrahim for Muslims:
He is called Allah’s friend (Khalil-Allah) in the Qur’an: “Abraham whom Allah took for a friend” He was one of the Prophet Muhammad’s ancestors Ibrahim was an example - “Abraham [Ibrahim] was truly an example: devoutly obedient to God and true in faith” It was Ibrahim’s prayer for a prophet to be born in the future that Muslims believe was fulfilled by the appearance of Muhammad
42
Outline 3 beliefs/teachings about Isma’il for Muslims:
He was one of Ibrahim’s sons Muslims believe he was chosen to rebuild the Ka’bah in Makkah Isma’il did not hesitate to offer his life as a sacrifice for Allah Isma’il was praised by Allah for his spirit of dedication and was saved from being sacrificed
43
Outline 3 beliefs/teachings about Musa for Muslims:
He was the main founder of Judaism Muslims believe he was appointed by Allah to free the Banu Isra’il (Israelites) from slavery under the harsh rule of Fir’awn (Pharaoh) in Egypt He was given the Al-Kitab (scripture) and Al-Furqan (the ability to distinguish right and wrong) He is famous for many miracles, particularly the parting of the seas which allowed Musa and the Israelites to escape before the waters closed in His life is an example of how Allah reward perseverance in the face of suffering, and how good will overcome evil
44
Outline 3 beliefs/teachings about Dawud for Muslims:
He was one of the messengers (rasuls) of the Banu Isra’il He is remembered for his wisdom, prayers, and fasting. Prayers by Musa have been preserved in Islam and are regularly recited by Muslims He defeated the oppressive Jalut (Goliath), after which he was made king of the Israelites: “David killed Goliath, an God gave him sovereignty and wisdom” - Qur’an
45
Outline 3 beliefs/teachings about Isa for Muslims:
The Injil was revealed to Isa Isa had many miracles, including his own birth which did not involve a biological father He created birds out of clay and brought the dead back to life - “I will bring life to the dead by the permission of Allah” (Qu’ran) Muslims believe Allah saved Jesus rather than Jesus being killed on a cross Muslims believe Isa is a prophet who honoured the Tawhid
46
Outline 3 beliefs/teachings about Muhammad for Muslims:
Muslims believe Muhammad is the principle prophet sent by Allah Muslims believe he was the only prophet to have been given a universal message that was meant for all times Muslims believe that the previous prophets prepared the way for Muhammad He is described in the Qur’an to be the “seal of prophets”, meaning that the qualities of all the messengers were found in him He was the last messenger to bring a revealed scripture - the Qur’an The Qur’an describes Muhammad as “a light”, “a teacher of wisdom”, and “an excellent model” The Qur’an tells Muslims to offer prayers to him because of his honoured status The Qur’an teaches Muslims that if the follow the example of Muhammad they will please Allah
47
Explain 2 reasons why prophethood (Risalah) is important for Muslims (SOWA):
One reason is because prophets pass on the message of Allah, ensuring people receive divine guidance because they have been specially chosen by Allah to write down and pass on His message for the benefit of the people. This is emphasised in the Qur'an: "We sent messengers as bringers of good tidings for mankind” Additionally, prophets serve as exemplary models of righteous living, guiding Muslims in their daily lives. The Qur'an underscores this: "There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone”
48
Explain 2 beliefs about prophethood (Risalah) for Muslims (SOWA):
One belief is that prophets are chosen by Allah to convey His message to humanity, serving as intermediaries between the divine and mortal realm. This is reflected in the Qur'an: "Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad]” Another belief is in the infallibility of prophets in conveying Allah's message, ensuring that the teachings they deliver are free from error or corruption. The Qur'an affirms this: "Your companion [Muhammad] has not strayed, nor has he erred."
49
Explain 2 roles of prophets for Muslims (SOWA):
One role of prophets is to serve as exemplary role models for Muslims, demonstrating through their words and actions how to embody piety, righteousness, and compassion in all aspects of life. The Qu’ran says: “Verily you have in the Prophet of Allah an excellent model” Another role of prophets is to act as reformers and guides, leading their communities towards spiritual enlightenment, moral rectitude, and social justice, thereby fostering harmony and well-being within society.
50
Explain 2 reasons why Adam is an important prophet for Muslims (SOWA):
Adam is significant because he is considered the first human and the father of humanity, whose creation and story symbolise the beginning of human existence. The Qur'an narrates his creation: "Indeed, the example of Jesus to Allah is like that of Adam. He created Him from dust; then He said to him, 'Be,' and he was." Furthermore, Adam's story underscores the concept of repentance and forgiveness, as his expulsion from paradise serves as a lesson for humanity about the consequences of disobedience and the importance of seeking Allah's forgiveness. The Qur'an reflects on Adam's repentance: "Then Adam … accepted his repentance. Indeed, it is He who is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful."
51
Explain 2 reasons why Ibrahim is an important prophet for Muslims (SOWA):
Ibrahim holds significance as the patriarch of monotheism, revered for his unwavering devotion to Allah and his pivotal role in establishing the foundations of Islam. The Qur'an describes his exemplary faith: "he was truly an example: devoutly obedient to God and thankful for the blessings of God” Moreover, Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Isma'il demonstrates the ultimate test of faith and submission to Allah's will, serving as a profound example of obedience and trust in divine decree.
52
Explain 2 reasons why Isma’il is an important prophet for Muslims (SOWA):
Isma'il is revered because he played a crucial role in the establishment of the Kaaba in Mecca, which remains a central place of worship for Muslims worldwide. The Qur'an recounts his role in building the Kaaba: "Isma'il … indeed, he was true to his promise, and he was a messenger and a prophet." Additionally, Isma'il is celebrated for his resilience and faithfulness, as he willingly accepted being sacrificed by his father Ibrahim, demonstrating profound trust in Allah's plan. The Qur'an highlights his submission: "Then, when they had both submitted, he put him down upon his forehead."
53
Explain 2 reasons why Musa is an important prophet for Muslims (SOWA):
Musa holds significance for Muslims as he was chosen by Allah to deliver the Israelites from oppression and lead them to freedom, demonstrating the power of faith and perseverance. The Qur'an narrates his mission: "And We certainly sent Moses with Our signs, [saying], 'Bring out your people from darkness into the light.'" Moreover, Musa received the revelation of the Torah, which contains essential guidance and laws for righteous living, serving as a cornerstone of religious practice for Jews and Muslims alike. The Qur'an acknowledges his reception of divine scripture: "Indeed, We gave Moses the Torah."
54
Explain 2 reasons why Dawud is an important prophet for Muslims (SOWA):
Dawud is esteemed for his role as a king and a prophet, exemplifying justice, wisdom, and devotion to Allah in his leadership. The Qur'an praises his qualities: "And We made his kingdom stable and gave him wisdom" Furthermore, Dawud's Psalms (Zabur) are revered by Muslims as divine scripture, offering spiritual guidance, comfort, and inspiration to believers throughout history. The Qur'an acknowledges his receipt of the Zabur: "And to David We gave the book [of Psalms]." Dawud is celebrated for his victory over Goliath (Jalut), showcasing the triumph of faith, courage, and reliance on Allah's help in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges.
55
Explain 2 reasons why Isa is an important prophet for Muslims (SOWA):
Isa is significant as a messenger of Allah and a miracle worker, who demonstrated the power of divine intervention through his miraculous birth and various miracles. The Qur'an affirms his miraculous birth: "Indeed, the example of Jesus to Allah is like that of Adam. He created Him from dust; then He said to him, 'Be,' and he was." Moreover, Isa's teachings emphasised compassion, love, and forgiveness, embodying the essence of Islamic virtues and serving as a model of righteous conduct for Muslims.
56
Explain 2 reasons why Muhammad is an important prophet for Muslims (SOWA):
Muhammad is revered as the final prophet sent by Allah to guide humanity, completing the message of Islam and providing comprehensive guidance for all aspects of life. The Qur'an attests to his prophethood: "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and last of the prophets." Additionally, Muhammad's exemplary character and conduct serve as a perfect model for Muslims to emulate, demonstrating compassion, integrity, patience, and humility in all aspects of life. The Qur'an praises his character: "And indeed, you are of a great moral character."
57
Explain 2 beliefs which the prophets teach Muslims (SOWA):
The prophets teach Muslims that Muhammad was the final prophet, so good Muslims should follow the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, which is the final example of how to live. As the Qur’an says, “Muhammad is the Apostle of God, and the Seal of the Prophets” They also teach Muslims that the prophets were just ordinary human beings and so Muslims should have nothing to do with religions which claim any sort of divine status for their leaders. 1.5 - Muslim Holy Books:
58
Outline 3 holy books (Kutubullah) for Muslims:
Sahifah (Scrolls) Tawrat (Tohra) Zabur (Psalms) Injil (Gospel) Qu’ran
59
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs about the Tawrat (Torah):
Muslims believe that the Tawrat contains many good teachings and laws, but was only meant for Jewish people and for a limited time They believe it is an important record of the teachings given to Musa They believe it also includes a prophecy about the future appearance of the Prophet Muhammad
60
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs about the Zabur (Psalms):
Muslims believe the Zabur was given to the Jewish prophet Dawud Muslims believe there are 150 Psalms, made up of songs, prayers and poems, inspired by Allah
61
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs about the Injil (Gospel):
Muslims believe the Injil is the original Gospel taught by Isa Muslims believe part of the Injil of Isa is included in the four gospels but became lost, forgotten or altered The Injil is a collection of revelations which taught morals such as love and forgiveness The Qur’an says: “We gave him the Gospel and put compassion and mercy into the hearts of the followers” The Qur’an says: “We gave him [Isa] the Gospel with guidance, light and confirmation of the Torah already revealed”
62
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs about the Qur’an:
Muslims believe that Allah revealed the Qur’an to the Prophet Muhammad as His final revelation, because previous holy texts had become unreliable Muslims believe the Qur’an is the only scripture meant for all times, all people, and all places because Muhammad was a universal messenger who came at a time when Allah decided the world was ready for his complete message Muslims believe the Qur’an is the Infallible Word of God The Qur’an says: “Nor could this Qur’an have been devised by anyone other than God … let there be no doubt about it” The Qur’an is “free from any distortion” - The Qur’an says: “It is an Arabic Qur'an free of all crookedness” Muslims believe that over 14 centuries after its revelation, the entire text of the Qur’an remains unchanged, and this is part of a promise made by Allah. The Qur’an says: “Indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur'an and indeed, We will be its guardian.”
63
Outline 3 reasons why holy books (Kutubullah) are important to Muslims (SOWA):
One reason is because there is little divergence in the way Muslims view the holy books. Another reason is because Muslims believe that all the revealed scriptures prepared the way for the final and eternal revelation: the Qur’an. The Prophet Muhammad’s wife, ‘A’ishah, said that Muhammad was a living example of the Qur’an. Muslims therefore, try to follow his example by acting according to the Qur’an’s teachings.
64
Explain 2 reasons why holy books (Kutubullah) are important to Muslims (SOWA):
One reason is because there is little divergence in the way Muslims view the holy books. All texts prior to the Qur’an are held in high respect by Muslims because they believe they contain messages originally sent by Allah and gave important moral guidance to the people of the time. The Qur’an says: "Believe in what I have sent down to thee Muhammad..." Another reason is because Muslims believe that all the revealed scriptures prepared the way for the final and eternal revelation: the Qur’an. This is the ultimate guide for Muslims today. The Qur’an says: “The Qur’an is nothing less than a revelation that is sent to him [Muhammad]” The Prophet Muhammad’s wife, ‘A’ishah, said that Muhammad was a living example of the Qur’an. Muslims therefore, try to follow his example by acting according to the Qur’an’s teachings.
65
Explain 2 reasons why there are Muslim holy books other than the Qur’an (SOWA):
Muslims believe that God sent prophets with his message and the most important of these were given God’s holy book so that Muslims would know what to believe and how to live. Adam was the first to receive God’s book, but humans subsequently distorted God’s words and so God had to send other messengers. The Qur’an says that God sent the Tawrat to Musa and that Isa was given the holy book of Injil, but it became distorted as people said Isa was God’s son when he was only God’s prophet. As a result, God had to send Muhammad the Qur’an in a form that could never be distorted. The Qur’an says: “This Qur’an … is a confirmation of what was revealed before it and an explanation of the Scripture”
66
Explain 2 reasons why the Sahifah (Scrolls) are important to Muslims today (SOWA):
One reason the Sahifah are important is because they contain valuable teachings from Allah given to earlier prophets. These teachings offer guidance on how to live a good life, which Muslims can still learn from today. The Qur'an talks about these teachings: "And what was written in the Scriptures of Musa and of Ibrahim … that man will only have what he has worked towards … that the final goal is your Lord” Also, the Sahifah show that Allah's message has been consistent throughout history. They remind Muslims that the same core values and beliefs have been passed down through generations, bringing a sense of unity among believers.
67
Explain 2 reasons why the Tawrat (Torah) is important to Muslims today (SOWA):
The Tawrat is important because it contains teachings and laws revealed by Allah to Prophet Musa (Moses), providing valuable guidance on righteous living that Muslims can still learn from today. This divine wisdom helps Muslims understand moral principles and ethical conduct. The Qur'an affirms the significance of the Torah: "Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light.” Furthermore, the Tawrat serves as a testament to the continuity of Allah's message, showing that the core principles of faith have remained consistent over time. Muslims respect the Torah as part of the divine scriptures and acknowledge its role in shaping religious understanding and belief. The Qur'an underscores the importance of believing in previous scriptures: "Say, 'We have believed in Allah and in what was revealed to us … and in what was given to the prophets from their Lord.”
68
Explain 2 reasons why the Zabur (Psalms) is important to Muslims today (SOWA):
The Zabur is important because it contains divine inspiration and spiritual guidance revealed by Allah to Prophet Dawud (David), offering Muslims timeless wisdom and solace in times of hardship. These Psalms provide comfort and encouragement to believers, guiding them through life's challenges. The Qur'an acknowledges the significance of the Psalms: "And to David We gave the book [of Psalms] … so that mankind would have no excuse before God." Additionally, the Zabur serves as a source of praise and devotion, with many Psalms expressing reverence and gratitude towards Allah. Muslims value the Zabur as part of the divine scriptures and use its verses for supplication, reflection, and worship. The Qur'an highlights the importance of remembering Allah through praise: "So exalt [Allah] with praise of your Lord and be of those who prostrate [to Him]."
69
Explain 2 reasons why the Injil (Gospel) is important to Muslims today (SOWA):
The Injil is important because it contains the teachings of Prophet Isa (Jesus), providing Muslims with valuable insights into faith, compassion, and moral conduct. Despite differences in interpretation, Muslims honour the Injil as a divine scripture and seek guidance from its teachings. The Qur'an affirms the significance of the Gospel: "And We sent Jesus, the son of Mary … and We gave him the Gospel, and put compassion and mercy into the hearts of his followers” Furthermore, the Injil reinforces the belief in the unity of Allah's message, demonstrating that the core principles of faith and righteousness have remained consistent across different revelations. The Gospel is referred by the Qur’an to be a “confirmation of the Torah already revealed”
70
Explain 2 reasons why the Qur’an is important to Muslims today (SOWA):
The Qur'an is important because it is believed to be the literal word of Allah, revealed to Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel. This informs Muslims that they should abide by its teachings and follow what it says. The Qur'an itself emphasises its importance: "This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah." Also, Muslims think the Qur’an is special because it's a miracle. It's written so beautifully and it's always relevant, even though it was revealed over 1,400 years ago. This makes Muslims feel sure it's from Allah. The Qur’an challenges anyone to make something like it but no one can. The Qur’an says that it is the only scripture which is uncorrupted - “[The Prophet’s] own heart did not distort what he saw” It guides them on how to live good lives and what’s right and wrong. This becomes important as Muslims can emulate the exemplary nature of Prophet Muhammad and live good lives which allow them to enter paradise (Jannah) after death.
71
Explain 2 reasons why Muslims believe the Qur’an to be more important than other holy books (Kutubullah) (SOWA):
Muslims believe the Qur'an holds primacy over other holy books because it is considered the final and most comprehensive revelation from Allah, encompassing all previous divine messages and providing complete guidance for humanity until the end of time. The Qur'an supersedes earlier scriptures and is regarded as the ultimate authority in matters of faith and practice. The Qur'an affirms its superiority over other scriptures: "[This Qur’an] is a confirmation of what was revealed before it and an explanation of the Scripture” Furthermore, Muslims attribute the preservation of the Qur'an to Allah's direct intervention, ensuring its purity and authenticity over centuries. Unlike other scriptures, which are believed to have undergone alterations or corruptions over time, the Qur'an remains unchanged in its original Arabic text since its revelation, offering Muslims unwavering confidence in its reliability and authority. The Qur'an assures this: “[The Prophet’s] own heart did not distort what he saw”
72
Explain 2 divergent Muslim attitudes to the importance of holy books (Kutubullah) (SOWA):
One divergent attitude among Muslims is that the Qur'an holds the highest authority and significance due to the fact that Muslims believe it is the infallible word of God and has not gone under corruption. This perspective acknowledges the value of earlier scriptures but emphasises the Qur'an's superiority in guiding Muslims in contemporary times. The Qur'an asserts its prominence: "Let there be no doubt about it … it is a confirmation of what was revealed before it and an explanation of the Scripture” and “[The Prophet’s] own heart did not distort what he saw” Conversely, some Muslims may adopt a more inclusive approach, recognising the importance of other holy books alongside the Qur'an as sources of divine wisdom and guidance. While affirming the Qur'an's primacy, they acknowledge that earlier scriptures were also sent by the prophets and contain valuable teachings which are as important as those in the Qur’an. 1.6 - Malaikah:
73
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about angels (Malaikah):
Malaikah are beings created by Allah to perform various tasks such as governing the universe and the laws of nature Angels have no free will and can only obey the commands of Allah The angel Jibril appeared to the Prophet Muhammad in the form of an ordinary human being and to Isa as a dove Angels are believed to help those whose faith is strong Muslims believe that angels praise Allah in heaven They are also the guardians of the gates of hell. There are recording angels who record all people’s actions to be read on the Last Day.
74
Outline 3 reasons why angels are angels (Malaikah) are important to Muslims:
They help believers in their time of need - The Qur’an says: “Those who say “Allah is our Lord” … upon them descend angels (and say): “Do not fear nor grieve … we are your companions in this world” The Qur’an says that angels known as kiraman katibin (noble scribes) accompany people, and each person has one angel on each shoulder who write either good deeds (right) or bad deeds (left) which are presented to Allah on the Day of Judgement. They therefore play a role in helping Allah decide what happens to an individual in the afterlife Belief in Malaikah is the second most important article of faith for Sunni Muslims. Like Allah, their true nature may not be fully known but they play a crucial role in operating and maintaining the whole universe.
75
Outline 3 ways angels (Malaikah) are shown in the Qur’an/their roles:
Angels are depicted in the Qur'an as messengers who deliver divine revelations from Allah to the prophets, such as Gabriel (Jibril), who conveyed the Qur'anic verses to Muhammad. Angels are described as recording the deeds of humans, both good and bad, such as the kiraman katibin who take note of deeds on the shoulders to be presented on Allah on the Day of Judgement Angels are portrayed as guardians and protectors of believers, offering them assistance and support in times of need. For instance, angels are said to guard believers during their sleep and protect them from harm.
76
Outline 3 natures of angels (Malaikah):
Angels are entrusted with protecting and guarding believers from harm, both physically and spiritually, offering them support and assistance in times of need. Angels are depicted as beings free from any sin or wrongdoing, embodying purity and righteousness in their nature and actions. Angels lack free will and cannot disobey Allah's commands, remaining steadfast in their devotion and loyalty to Him at all times.
77
Outline the 3 angels (Malaikah) of Islam:
Jibril (Gabriel) Izra’il (Azrael) Mika’il (Michael)
78
Outline the 3 roles of the angel Jibril:
Jibril is responsible for delivering Allah's revelations to the prophets, including the Qur'an to Prophet Muhammad. He communicates Allah's messages to the chosen messengers, serving as a conduit between Allah and His prophets. Jibril provides guidance and enlightenment to the prophets and serves as a source of divine wisdom and knowledge. “We only descend [with revelation] at your Lord’s command”
79
Outline the 3 roles of the angel Izra’il:
Izra’il is tasked with blowing the trumpet to herald the Day of Judgment, signalling the end of the world and the resurrection of the dead. He plays a crucial role in initiating the resurrection of all beings on the Day of Judgment, gathering them for their final judgement before Allah. Izra’il is responsible for taking the soul of every person and returning it to Allah The Qur’an says: “The Angel of Death put in charge of you will reclaim you, and then you will be brought back to your Lord”
80
Outline the 3 roles of the angel Mika’il:
Mika'il is associated with providing natural sustenance and blessings from Allah - he is charge of the plants and rain He is believed to be responsible for managing the changes of seasons and maintaining the balance of the natural world. Mika'il ensures the equitable distribution of Allah's provisions and oversees the welfare of all creatures.
81
Explain 2 reasons why the angel Jibril (Gabriel) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
Jibril is significant because he is the angel who brought Allah's revelations to the prophets, including the Qur'an to Prophet Muhammad. Muslims believe he plays a crucial role in delivering divine messages, guiding humanity towards righteousness and truth. The Qur'an mentions Jibril's role in revealing the Qur'an. It was Jibril who said: “We only descend [with revelation] at your Lord’s command” Additionally, Jibril is revered for his unwavering obedience to Allah and his loyalty in carrying out his duties. Muslims admire his devotion and commitment to Allah's commands, serving as an example of obedience and submission to divine will. The Qur'an praises Jibril as the "trustworthy spirit": "Say, 'Whoever is an enemy to Jibril - it is [none but] he who has brought the Qur'an down upon your heart … by permission of Allah.'"
82
Explain 2 reasons why the angel Mika’il (Michael) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
Mika’il is important because he is believed to be responsible for providing sustenance and blessings from Allah to His creatures. Muslims view Mika’il as the angel of mercy, who distributes Allah's provisions and blessings to individuals and communities, ensuring their well-being and prosperity. Furthermore, Mika’il is revered for his role in overseeing natural phenomena and maintaining balance in the universe. Muslims believe he controls the elements and seasons, ensuring harmony and order in the world. They seek Mika'il intercession for rain and agricultural fertility, acknowledging his importance in sustaining life on Earth. “Whoever is an enemy of God or his angels or his apostles or Jibril or Mika’il: verily God is an enemy of the unbelievers”
83
Explain 2 reasons why the angel Izra’il (Azrael) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
Izra’il is important because he is responsible for the extraction of souls from human bodies at the time of death. Muslims believe Izra’il performs a vital role in the transition from earthly life to the afterlife, ensuring the orderly departure of souls according to Allah's decree. The Qur'an mentions Izra’il's role in taking souls: “The Angel of Death put in charge of you will reclaim you, and then you will be brought back to your Lord” Additionally, Izra’il serves as a reminder of the inevitability of death and the transient nature of worldly existence. Muslims reflect on Izra’il's role as a motivator to prepare for the afterlife and lead righteous lives, as the moment of death marks the beginning of eternal accountability before Allah.
84
Explain 2 roles of the angel Jibril (Gabriel) (SOWA):
One role of Jibril is to deliver messages from Allah to His chosen prophets. Muslims believe Jibril played a pivotal role in conveying the revelations of the Qur'an to Prophet Muhammad, ensuring the accurate transmission of divine guidance to humanity. The Qur'an describes Jibril's role in revelation: "Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel - it is [none but] he who has brought the Qur'an down upon your heart … by permission of Allah.'" Another role of Jibril is to provide guidance and support to believers in times of need. Muslims believe Jibril assists and comforts individuals facing trials and tribulations, offering spiritual strength and reassurance. Jibril's presence symbolises Allah's mercy and protection, serving as a source of hope and encouragement for believers.
85
Explain 2 roles of the angel Izra’il (Azrael) (SOWA):
One role of Izra’il is to extract the souls of human beings at the time of death. Muslims believe that Izra’il is entrusted with the task of taking the souls of individuals when their appointed time of death arrives. This role is pivotal in the transition from earthly life to the afterlife, marking the end of a person's worldly journey. The Qur'an mentions Izra’il's role in taking souls: “The Angel of Death put in charge of you will reclaim you, and then you will be brought back to your Lord” Another role of Izra’il is to record the deeds of individuals for their final judgement. Muslims believe that Izra’il keeps a record of every person's actions and deeds throughout their life. These records are used during the Day of Judgment when individuals are held accountable for their actions before Allah. Izra’il's role highlights the concept of divine accountability and reinforces the importance of leading a righteous life.
86
Explain 2 roles of the angel Mika’il (Michael) (SOWA):
One role of Mika’il is to oversee the distribution of sustenance and blessings from Allah to His creatures. Muslims believe that Mika’il is responsible for ensuring that provisions and blessings are allocated to individuals and communities according to Allah's will. This includes providing food, wealth, and other necessities for sustenance and well-being. Another role of Mika’il is to maintain balance and harmony in the natural world. Muslims believe that Mika’il is responsible for regulating natural phenomena such as weather patterns, seasons, and ecological systems. By overseeing these aspects of creation, Mika’il ensures that the world functions in accordance with Allah's divine order. This role underscores the importance of environmental stewardship and the interconnectedness of all living beings. “Whoever is an enemy of God or his angels or his apostles or Jibril or Mika’il: verily God is an enemy of the unbelievers” His role was mentioned in a narration found in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad, where the Jews of Medina were asking who brings revelation to the Prophet. They said, “Had it been Mika’il, who brings down mercy, and [causes] vegetation and rain [we would have believed.]” (Ahmad)
87
Explain 2 reasons why angels are important to Muslims (SOWA):
Angels are crucial to Muslims because they provide support and comfort to believers during times of difficulty and hardship. The Qur'an reassures believers by describing how angels descend upon those who affirm their faith in Allah, offering companionship and encouragement. This presence of angels serves to alleviate fear and sorrow, reminding believers of Allah's care and protection. The Qur'an says: “Those who say “Allah is our Lord” … upon them descend angels (and say): “Do not fear nor grieve … we are your companions in this world” Furthermore, angels are essential in recording and bearing witness to the deeds of individuals throughout their lives. Muslims believe that angels known as kiraman katibin accompany each person, recording their actions and deeds. These records are presented to Allah on the Day of Judgment and are used to determine a person's fate in the afterlife. This belief underscores the importance of leading a righteous life and highlights the accountability of individuals before Allah. The Qur'an emphasises the role of angels as recorders of deeds: "And indeed, [appointed] over you are keepers, Noble and recording; They know whatever you do." Moreover, belief in angels is a fundamental aspect of Islamic faith, being the second most important article of faith for Sunni Muslims. Muslims affirm their belief in the existence and importance of angels as part of their creed. Angels are regarded as beings created by Allah to serve specific functions and roles in the universe, operating under His command. 1.7 - Al-Qadr:
88
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about Al-Qadr:
Allah has pre-planned everything, including human actions and events, which Muslims accept as Al-Qadr. Allah knows everything that has happened, is happening, and will happen, as part of His divine knowledge, because He is omniscient. Despite Allah's plan, humans still have the ability to choose their actions and are accountable for them, a belief upheld alongside Al-Qadr.
89
Outline 3 implications of Al-Qadr for Muslims:
Muslims do not need to worry about their long-term future because God is in control, so all will be well. Another implication is that Muslims cannot leave it to God to sort things out, although God’s plans will happen, Muslims must make their own choices. A third implication is that sufferings Muslims undergo are a part of God’s plan. Believing in Al-Qadr means that Muslims trust Allah is in control of everything in the universe Al-Qadr has a close connection with the akhirah Muslims are reminded of Allah’s omniscience. Muslims must therefore be prepared to answer for their deeds in the next life
90
Outline 3 reasons why predestination is important for Muslims:
Affirms Allah’s omnipotence and capacity to know everything that there is to know Shows that the laws governing the universe are designed for the benefit of humanity Allah’s knowledge of all things helps Muslims to understand that everything happens for a reason and is part of Allah’s plan
91
Outline 3 reasons why the Day of Judgement is important for Muslims:
Muslims believe the Day of Judgement is when they'll be judged for their actions, motivating them to live according to Islamic teachings. It's seen as a day when all wrongs will be made right, ensuring fairness and rewarding good deeds while punishing wrongdoing and affirming Allah’s Divine Justice. Muslims view the Day of Judgement as the beginning of eternal life, where believers will be rewarded with paradise and wrongdoers face punishment in hell. Allows them to believe in the afterlife.
92
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about human freedom:
Muslims believe that humans have the freedom to make choices and decisions in their lives, which will determine their actions and ultimately their destiny. The Qur’an says: “every human being is free to choose between good and evil” Muslims believe that humans are accountable for their choices and actions, and they will be judged accordingly on the Day of Judgment. Muslims believe that sometimes people’s choices are in harmony with God’s will, which forms part of al-Qadr. Human choices are either in conformity with, or against God’s will.
93
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about predestination:
Muslims believe in Al-Qadr, the concept of divine predestination, which asserts that Allah has predetermined everything that happens in the universe. Muslims believe that Allah's knowledge encompasses everything, including past, present, and future events, and nothing happens except by His will. Muslims believe in submitting to Allah's decree while also recognizing the importance of human effort and striving to do good deeds, trusting in Allah's wisdom and plan. Human intentions and actions, such as prayer, can impact Allah’s will Allah has established many laws of nature than are beyond human control and are predetermined
94
Outline 3 ways how Al-Qadr and human freedom relates to the Day of Judgement:
On the Day of Judgment, humans will be held accountable for their choices and actions, despite Allah's decree The Day of Judgment is the ultimate manifestation of divine justice, where Allah's decree and human freedom intersect, ensuring that every individual receives their just reward or punishment based on their choices and actions. The Day of Judgment marks the culmination of Allah's decree and human freedom, as individuals will face the consequences of their choices for eternity in the Hereafter
95
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about Al-Qadr (SOWA):
One belief about Al-Qadr is that it refers to Allah's divine decree and predestination of all things, encompassing everything that occurs in the universe. Muslims believe that Allah has predetermined everything that will happen, including both good and bad events. The Qur'an mentions Al-Qadr: "when He wills something to be, His way is to say, “Be” - and it is” Another teaching about Al-Qadr is that it is one of the six articles of faith in Islam. Muslims believe in Al-Qadr as part of their creed, affirming their belief in Allah's sovereignty and control over all aspects of existence. Belief in Al-Qadr underscores the concept of divine providence and reinforces trust in Allah's wisdom and plan. Another belief is that while Allah's plans will unfold as destined, Muslims are still responsible for their actions and choices. Muslims understand that they must make their own decisions and strive to do what is right, even though Allah's ultimate decree will prevail. This belief emphasises the importance of free will and personal responsibility in Islam.
96
Explain 2 implications of Al-Qadr for Muslims (SOWA):
Another belief is that while Allah's plans will unfold as destined, Muslims are still responsible for their actions and choices. Muslims understand that they must make their own decisions and strive to do what is right, even though Allah's ultimate decree will prevail. This belief emphasises the importance of free will and personal responsibility in Islam. Another implication of Al-Qadr is that it serves as a source of comfort and reassurance for believers. Muslims find peace in knowing that Allah has already determined their fate and that nothing happens without His knowledge and permission. This belief provides Muslims with a sense of security and confidence in facing life's challenges, knowing that Allah is in control of their destiny. The Qur'an affirms this assurance: "Allah is the best of planners."
97
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about human freedom (SOWA):
One belief about human freedom in Islam is that while Allah has ultimate control over everything, humans are granted free will to make choices and decisions. Muslims believe that Allah has given them the ability to choose between right and wrong, and they are accountable for their actions. The Qur'an emphasises human free will: "So whoever wills - let him believe; and whoever wills - let him disbelieve." Another belief is that humans have the freedom to seek guidance and follow the teachings of Islam, or to reject it. Muslims believe that Allah has provided guidance through the Qur'an and the teachings of Prophet Muhammad, but individuals have the freedom to accept or reject this guidance. This belief underscores the importance of personal responsibility and moral agency in Islam. The Qur'an addresses this aspect of human freedom: "There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion." Another belief is that sometimes people’s choices are in harmony with God’s plan. This forms part of al-Qadr, which contributes to the realisation of God’s plan. This does not mean however, that humans do not have freedom, but that their choices are either in conformity with, or against, God’s will. Mirza Tahir Ahmad says in An Elementary Study of Islam: “every human being is free to choose between good and evil … however there are some spheres of destiny which are unchangeable” Another belief is that God’s will can also be affected by human needs and behaviour. Muslims believe that prayers can move Allah’s grace and be granted, as long as they do not conflict with any of His laws. Mirza Tahir Ahmad says in An Elementary Study of Islam: “every human being is free to choose between good and evil … however there are some spheres of destiny which are unchangeable”
98
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about predestination (SOWA):
One belief about predestination in Islam is that Allah has predetermined everything that will happen in the universe, including the fate of individuals. Muslims believe in Al-Qadr, the divine decree of Allah, which encompasses all events and outcomes. The Qur'an mentions: "when He wills something to be, His way is to say, “Be” - and it is” Another belief is that while Allah has predestined all things, humans still have free will and are accountable for their actions. Muslims understand that while Allah's decree will ultimately prevail, they are responsible for their choices and decisions. This belief emphasises the importance of personal responsibility and moral agency in Islam. Another belief is that God’s will can also be affected by human needs and behaviour which can reshape the predestined outcome for individuals. Muslims believe that prayers can move Allah’s grace and be granted, as long as they do not conflict with any of His laws. The Qur’an says: “Call upon Me, I will respond to you.”
99
Explain 2 ways how Al-Qadr and human freedom relates to the Day of Judgement:
One way Al-Qadr and human freedom relate to the Day of Judgment is that on that day, individuals will be held accountable for their actions, which were influenced by both Allah's decree and their own free will. Muslims believe that while Allah has predetermined all events, including the choices humans make, individuals will still be judged based on their intentions and deeds. This highlights the intersection of divine decree and human responsibility in determining one's fate on the Day of Judgment. The Qur'an states: "So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, And whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." Another way is that the Day of Judgment will serve as the culmination of Allah's divine plan, where the ultimate truth of Al-Qadr will be fully realised. Muslims believe that on that day, Allah's decree will be fulfilled, and every individual's fate will be determined according to their deeds and Allah's will. This emphasises the importance of accepting Allah's decree and striving to make righteous choices, as they will ultimately impact one's destiny in the afterlife. The Qur'an affirms this belief: "And they will say, 'If only we had been listening or reasoning, we would not be among the companions of the Blaze.'"
100
Explain 2 reasons why the Day of Judgement is important to Muslims (SOWA):
One reason the Day of Judgment is important to Muslims is that it serves as a day of reckoning and accountability for all individuals. Muslims believe that on that day, every person will be judged based on their beliefs and actions, and they will receive either reward or punishment accordingly. The Day of Judgment underscores the concept of divine justice and serves as a reminder of the consequences of one's deeds in the afterlife. The Qur'an emphasises this accountability: "And the weighing [of deeds] that Day will be the truth. So those whose scales are heavy - it is they who will be the successful." Another reason is that the Day of Judgment affirms Allah's divine justice. Muslims believe that on that day, Allah's perfect justice will prevail, and every individual will receive what they deserve based on their deeds. The Day of Judgment serves as a manifestation of Allah's fairness and righteousness, ensuring that justice is served to all. This belief instils confidence in the ultimate justice of Allah and provides solace to those who have suffered injustices in the world. One of the 99 beautiful names of Allah is Al-Adl, meaning “The Just”. The Qur'an says: "And your Lord is not ever unjust".
101
Explain 2 divergent Muslim attitudes to predestination (SOWA):
One divergent attitude towards predestination can be found in Sunni Islam, where there is a strong emphasis on the concept of Al-Qadr, or divine decree. Sunnis generally uphold the belief that Allah's predestination encompasses all events and outcomes, including the fate of individuals. They emphasise the importance of accepting Allah's decree and trusting in His wisdom and plan, believing that everything happens according to His will. The Qur’an says: "when He wills something to be, His way is to say, “Be” - and it is” On the other hand, Shi’a Muslims reject total predestination. One of the ‘Usual ad-Din in Shi’a Islam is Adalat (Divine Justice). They believe it is not fair for Allah to punish or reward someone for something He predestined them to do. Therefore, they believe it is logically impossible to believe in total predestination and Mi’ad (Day of Judgement) at the same time because that is a contradiction. 1.8 - Akhirah:
102
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about life after death:
Muslims believe that our physical life will one day come to an end and that all humans will be raised again in the next life, called akhirah Muslims believe it is just the soul that is taken away and given a new form in the akhirah Muslims believe that after death, the angel of death, Izra’il takes the soul to barzakh, the stage between death and and the time of judgement
103
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about the nature of judgement:
Muslims believe that Allah's judgement on the Day of Judgment will be fair and just, taking into account each individual's actions, intentions, and circumstances. Muslims believe that every detail of their lives will be laid bare on the Day of Judgment, with nothing hidden from Allah's knowledge and judgement. Muslims believe that the judgement rendered on the Day of Judgment will be final and irreversible, determining the eternal fate of individuals in the Hereafter.
104
Outline 3 Muslims beliefs/teachings about the nature of paradise (Jannah):
Muslims believe that paradise (Jannah) is a place of eternal bliss and happiness, where believers will experience peace, joy, and fulfilment beyond imagination. Muslims believe that paradise is a reward from Allah for the righteous believers who followed His commands and lived according to Islamic teachings. Muslims believe that paradise is an eternal abode of pleasure and enjoyment, where believers will reside forever in the presence of Allah, surrounded by bountiful blessings and delights.
105
Outline 3 Muslims beliefs/teachings about the nature of hell (Jahannam):
Muslims believe that hell (Jahannam) is a place of intense punishment and torment Muslims believe that hell is characterised by blazing fire and scorching heat, symbolising the severity of its punishment and the intensity of its torment. Muslims believe that hell is an eternal abode where disbelievers and sinners will reside forever, separated from Allah's mercy and grace.
106
Outline 3 Muslim beliefs/teachings about the Last Day:
Muslims believe that the Last Day (Yawm al-Qiyamah) will be a day of resurrection, where all beings will be brought back to life to face judgement before Allah. Muslims believe that when people die their body stays in the grave until the Last Day, Isa (Jesus) will return. Another belief is that the angel Israfil will sound the trumpet, the world as we know it will disappear and the dead will be raised. A final belief is that everyone will stand before God on the plain of Arafat to be judged by God.
107
Outline 3 ways Paradise (Jannah) is shown in the Qur’an:
The Qur'an describes paradise as a place of everlasting bliss and joy The Qur'an depicts paradise as lush gardens with flowing rivers The Qur'an says paradise will be comfortable physically, with “green garments of fine silk” and “soft chairs”
108
Outline 3 ways Hell (Jahannam) is shown in the Qur’an:
The Qur'an describes hell as a place of intense punishment The Qur’an describes hell as a place of disbelievers and wrongdoers The Qur'an depicts hell as a place of blazing fire and chains
109
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about life after death (SOWA):
One belief about life after death in Islam is the concept of resurrection and accountability. Muslims believe in the Day of Judgment, where every individual will be resurrected and held accountable for their deeds. This belief underscores the idea of life after death as a continuation of existence, where individuals will face the consequences of their actions in worldly life. The Qur'an states: "Then indeed you, on the Day of Resurrection, will be resurrected." Another belief is that after death, the angel of death, Izra’il, takes the soul to Barzakh, the stage between death and the time of judgement. In Barzakh, individuals experience a state of waiting and preparation for the Day of Judgment. This belief highlights the transitional nature of the afterlife and the period of waiting before the final reckoning. The Qur'an refers to this stage: "When death comes to one of them, Our messengers take him”
110
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about the nature of judgement (SOWA):
One belief about the nature of judgement in Islam is that it will be just and fair. Muslims believe that on the Day of Judgment, Allah's perfect justice will prevail, and every individual will receive what they deserve based on their deeds. This belief instils confidence in the ultimate justice of Allah and provides solace to those who have suffered injustices in the world. The Qur'an reassures believers of Allah's justice: "And your Lord does injustice to no one." Another belief is that judgement will be based on deeds and intentions. Muslims believe that on the Day of Judgment, individuals will be judged not only on their actions but also on their intentions behind those actions. This belief underscores the importance of sincerity and righteousness in one's deeds and intentions. The Qur'an says: "So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, And whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it."
111
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about the nature of paradise (Jannah) (SOWA):
One belief about the nature of paradise in Islam is that it is a place of eternal bliss and reward for the righteous. Muslims believe that Jannah is a garden of paradise, described in vivid detail in Islamic scriptures as a place of immense beauty, with rivers flowing beneath, lush gardens, and luxurious dwellings. The Qur'an describes Jannah: “Gardens of lasting bliss … they will be comfortable seated on soft chairs” Another belief is that paradise is a place of nearness to Allah and spiritual fulfilment. Muslims believe that in Jannah, believers will experience the ultimate closeness to Allah, enjoying His divine presence and basking in His love and mercy.
112
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about the nature of hell (Jahannam) (SOWA):
Muslims believe that Jahannam is a fiery abyss, described in Islamic scriptures as a place of torment and suffering, where unbelievers and evildoers will be punished for their sins. The Qur'an describes Jahannam: "Indeed, We have prepared for the wrongdoers a fire whose walls will surround them” Another belief is that hell is a place of eternal punishment and despair. Muslims believe that Jahannam is a place of everlasting torment, where the inhabitants will suffer excruciating pain and anguish for eternity. The Qur'an warns of the consequences of disbelief and disobedience: "Indeed, the disbelievers will be in the punishment of Hell abiding eternally." Another belief is that hell is a place of eternal punishment, despair, and separation from Allah. Muslims believe that Jahannam is not only a physical place of torment but also a spiritual state of being cut off from the mercy and presence of Allah.
113
Explain 2 Muslim beliefs/teachings about the Last Day:
Muslims believe that the Last Day (Yawm al-Qiyamah) will indeed be a day of resurrection, where all beings, both living and dead, will be brought back to life to face judgement before Allah. This belief underscores the significance of accountability and the ultimate reckoning of individuals for their deeds in worldly life. The Qur’an says: "Then indeed you, on the Day of Resurrection, will be resurrected." Another belief is that the angel Israfil will sound the trumpet to herald the Day of Judgment. According to Islamic tradition, Israfil will blow the trumpet to signal the end of the world and the commencement of the resurrection. This belief highlights the role of underscores the divine authority behind the cosmic events that will unfold. The Qur'an describes the scene: "And the Horn will be blown, and … whoever is on the earth will fall dead except whom Allah wills." A final belief is that everyone will stand before God on the plain of Arafat to be judged. Muslims believe that on the Day of Judgment, all individuals will be gathered on the plain of Arafat to be judged by Allah. This belief emphasises the universality of judgement and the equality of all individuals before God, regardless of their status or deeds in the worldly life. “When you depart from Arafat, remember Allah ... And every soul will come, with it a driver and a witness.”
114
Explain 2 divergent Muslim attitudes to belief in life after death (SOWA):
In Sunni Islam, many people believe that life after death is exactly as described in Islamic teachings. They think that after death, there will be a Day of Judgment where everyone will be held accountable for their actions, and those who were good will go to Paradise, while those who were bad will go to Hell. This belief is based on the Qur'an, which says, "And fear the Day when you will be returned to Allah. Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned, and they will not be treated unjustly." On the other hand, some Shia Muslims see things differently. They might think that the descriptions of the afterlife in the Qur'an are more symbolic than literal. Instead of believing in a physical Paradise and Hell, they might focus more on the spiritual meanings behind these teachings. For them, it's about the lessons and values we learn from these stories, rather than taking them literally. The Qur'an also says, "So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, And whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it."
115
Explain 2 divergent Muslim attitudes about the final judgement (SOWA):
In Sunni Islam, many believe in a literal interpretation of the events surrounding the final judgement. They see it as a real event where everyone will be resurrected and held accountable for their deeds before Allah. This belief emphasises the seriousness of leading a righteous life and following Islamic teachings to attain Paradise and avoid Hell. The Qur'an warns: "Then indeed you, on the Day of Resurrection, will be resurrected." Conversely, some Shia Muslims may have a more symbolic interpretation of the final judgement. They might see it as a metaphorical representation of spiritual awakening and self-reflection rather than a literal event. For them, the focus may be more on inner purification and spiritual growth rather than external judgement. This perspective aligns with teachings that emphasise the inner dimensions of faith.
116
Explain 2 reasons why Judgement is important to Muslims (SOWA):
One reason why judgement is important to Muslims is that it reinforces the idea of accountability. Muslims believe that on the Day of Judgment, every individual will be held accountable for their actions, whether good or bad. This belief encourages believers to strive for righteousness and moral conduct in their lives, knowing that they will ultimately answer to Allah for their deeds. The Qur'an emphasises accountability: "And fear the Day when you will be returned to Allah. Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned" Another reason is that judgement serves as a source of hope and justice. Muslims trust in Allah's perfect justice and mercy, believing that He will judge each person fairly based on their intentions and deeds. This belief provides comfort to those who have suffered injustices in the world, knowing that ultimate justice will prevail on the Day of Judgment. The Qur'an assures believers: "Indeed, Allah does not do injustice, [even] as much as an atom's weight; while if there is a good deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward." It also affirms Allah's divine justice. Muslims believe that on the Day of Judgement, Allah's Adalat (Divine Justice) will prevail, and every individual will receive what they deserve based on their deeds.This belief instil confidence in the ultimate justice of Allah and provides solace to those who have suffered injustices in the world. One of the 99 beautiful names of Allah is Al-Adl, meaning “The Just”. The Qur'an says: "And your Lord is not ever unjust" and “whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it."
117
Explain 2 reasons why Paradise (Jannah) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
One reason Paradise is important to Muslims is that it serves as a motivation for leading a righteous life. Believing in the existence of Jannah encourages Muslims to adhere to Islamic teachings and strive for moral excellence in their actions. The promise of Paradise motivates believers to endure hardships and make sacrifices in this world in anticipation of the eternal rewards awaiting them in the Hereafter. The Qur'an states: "Indeed, the righteous will be in gardens and pleasure, Enjoying what their Lord has given them, and their Lord protecting them from the punishment of Hellfire." Muslims view Jannah as a place of eternal bliss and contentment, where they will experience the purest forms of joy and happiness in the company of Allah. This belief instils hope and optimism in believers, especially during times of difficulty and adversity, as they look forward to the everlasting rewards promised to them by Allah. It also affirms Allah's divine justice. Muslims believe that on the Day of Judgement, Allah's Adalat (Divine Justice) will prevail, and every individual will receive what they deserve based on their deeds. Therefore, if believers go to Jannah as a result of their good deeds it shows that Allah is fair and rewards those who are righteous as promised in the Qur’an. One of the 99 beautiful names of Allah is Al-Adl, meaning “The Just”. The Qur'an says: "And your Lord is not ever unjust" and "So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it”
118
Explain 2 reasons why Hell (Jahannam) is important to Muslims (SOWA):
One reason Hell is important to Muslims is that it serves as a deterrent against wrongdoing. Belief in the existence of Jahannam reminds Muslims of the consequences of disobedience to Allah's commands and the severity of punishment for those who commit sins. The fear of Hellfire motivates believers to avoid sinful behaviour and strive for moral rectitude in order to safeguard themselves from the torment of Hell. The Qur'an warns: "Whoever is protected from the stinginess of his soul - it is those who will be the successful." and “those whose balance is light will have lost their souls for ever and will stay in Hell” Another reason is that Hell underscores the importance of seeking forgiveness and redemption. While Hell represents a place of punishment for the disobedient, Muslims believe in the mercy and forgiveness of Allah, who offers opportunities for repentance and salvation. The awareness of the consequences of sin encourages believers to turn to Allah in sincere repentance, seeking His forgiveness and guidance on the path of righteousness. The Qur'an emphasises Allah's mercy - 113 of the 114 surahs in the Qur’an start with the Bismillah: “In the name of God, the Lord of Mercy, the Giver of Mercy”. One of Allah’s 99 beautiful names is Ar-Raheem (The bestower of Mercy) It also affirms Allah's divine justice. Muslims believe that on the Day of Judgement, Allah's Adalat (Divine Justice) will prevail, and every individual will receive what they deserve based on their deeds. Therefore, if believers go to Jahannam as a result of their bad deeds it shows that Allah is fair and punishes those who are not righteous as promised in the Qur’an. One of the 99 beautiful names of Allah is Al-Adl, meaning “The Just”. The Qur'an says: "And your Lord is not ever unjust" and “whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it."
119
Explain 2 reasons why the belief in life after death is important for Muslims (SOWA):
One reason why the belief in life after death is important for Muslims is that it provides meaning and purpose to earthly existence. Belief in the Hereafter gives significance to the transient nature of worldly life, emphasising the eternal consequences of one's actions and the ultimate accountability before Allah. This belief encourages Muslims to prioritise spiritual growth, moral conduct, and the pursuit of righteousness, knowing that their deeds in this life will impact their eternal fate. The Qur'an emphasises the significance of the Hereafter: "And the Hereafter is better for you than the first [life]. And your Lord is going to give you, and you will be satisfied." Another reason is that the belief in life after death offers solace and hope in times of adversity and suffering. Muslims find comfort in the belief that their trials and tribulations in this world are temporary, and that ultimate justice and reward await them in the Hereafter. This belief provides reassurance to believers facing hardships, grief, or injustice, reminding them to remain patient and steadfast in their faith as they await the promised rewards of Paradise. It also affirms Allah's divine justice. Muslims believe that on the Day of Judgement, Allah's Adalat (Divine Justice) will prevail, and every individual will receive what they deserve based on their deeds.This belief instil confidence in the ultimate justice of Allah and provides solace to those who have suffered injustices in the world. One of the 99 beautiful names of Allah is Al-Adl, meaning “The Just”. The Qur'an says: "And your Lord is not ever unjust" and “whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." Chapter 2 - Exam-Style Questions: 2.1 - Justice:
