Christianity 3 ABC Flashcards
1
Q
Outline 3 features of liturgical worship:
A
Liturgical worship uses a service book with set prayers and rituals. The clergy usually wear special vestments. Worship follows the Liturgical year, which begins at Advent and follows through Christmas Epiphany, Lent, Easter and Pentecost. The readings follow a 3 year cycle and are set out in a lectionary.
2
Q
Outline 3 features of non-liturgical worship:
A
Non-liturgical worship means to worship without set prayers or rituals. The leader of the worship is free to choose the hymns, prayers and Bible readings. Music in the form of hymns is often a major part of non liturgical worship.
3
Q
Outline 3 features informal/individual worship:
A
Informal worship is usually done at home, for example saying grace before meals. Informal worship could include celebrating the festivals of the Christian Year. Many churches also have public worship in much more informal ways, such as “messy church”.
4
Q
Outline 3 types of Christian worship:
A
One type of worship is liturgical which follows a set pattern. Another type is non-liturgical which has no set forms and tends to focus on music and the sermon. A third type is informal worship such as: grace before meals, family prayers or celebrating the festivals of the Christian year at home
5
Q
Outline 3 examples of liturgical worship:
A
Communal Prayer. Reading/Hearing the Word. A Response of Confession. Passing the Peace of Christ. Eucharist. The Church Year.
6
Q
Outline 3 examples of non-liturgical worship:
A
Unstructured communal prayer Catholics recite the prayers of the rosary The Stations of the Cross may be prayed At Quaker meetings, people speak when they feel the spirit moves them Many say personal daily prayers.
7
Q
Outline 3 examples of formal worship:
A
Mass or Holy Communion - Christians participate in the Eucharistic celebration Liturgical Prayer Services - Christians engage in structured prayer services, such as the Liturgy of the Hours or Divine Office Sacramental Rites - Christians partake in sacramental rites like baptism
8
Q
Outline 3 examples of informal worship:
A
House Churches - Christians gather in informal settings like homes or small groups for prayer Prayer Meetings - Informal prayer gatherings where believers come together to pray spontaneously Christian Music Concerts
9
Q
Outline 3 examples of individual worship:
A
Personal Prayer Meditation Personal Bible reading Singing Quiet thinking
10
Q
Outline 3 beliefs/features of the Book of Common Prayer:
A
Oldest Anglican service book It contains special services for ordaining priest and bishops It contains baptism, wedding and funeral services It contains the creeds It contains the 39 Articles It contains special prayers for each week of the year
11
Q
Explain 2 reasons why some Christians use informal activities to worship (SOWA):
A
They may wish to pray in a way that has no set structure as it is freer; there is no hierarchy so all worship is perceived as equal, ‘ you are all one in Christ Jesus’ (Galatians). Allows them to develop more interest and participation in prayer which is ultimately more beneficial to their spiritual growth. Some Christians feel that informal worship is more personal and they can develop a closer relationship with God through it ‘And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers and requests’ (Ephesians)
12
Q
Explain 2 reasons why liturgical worship is preferred by some to non-liturgical worship (SOWA):
A
Some Christians may prefer liturgical worship as the set form of the liturgy means that the rituals have developed to help the worshippers feel closer to God, as people can join in at set points and the words are familiar. Matthew says: “And when you pray, you must not be like the hypocrites. For they love to stand and pray … at the street corners, that they may be seen by others” Liturgical worship also helps Christians worship God in a familiar way so that worship can become a part of their lives. By repeatedly saying the same prayers, Christians develop attachment and understanding. Luke instructs Christians the proper way to pray: “When you pray, say…”
13
Q
Explain 2 reasons why non-liturgical worship is used in some churches:
A
Some churches may use non-liturgical worship as it helps to reflect people’s moods from joy to sadness, so that the worship is coming from their own feelings. Secondly, as the leader of the worship is free to choose the hymns, prayers and Bible readings, they can include sermons on topical events so that worship is more relevant in the modern world.
14
Q
Explain 2 benefits of non-liturgical worship:
A
Non-liturgical worship is more flexible as the leader of the worship is free to choose the hymns, prayers, Bible readings and the sermon, which can help connect worship to the modern world. Christians may also prefer this form of worship as it is more congregational so will allow more people to participate with the worship and can help Christians connect with those who share the same beliefs.
15
Q
Explain 2 advantages of private prayer (SOWA):
A
Private worship allows people to communicate with God one to one and express emotions they cannot express in front of others. God also appreciates private prayer. Matthew: “When you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you. Christians may also use private worship to ask God for things, such as healing from illness. Through private worship, Christians are given the freedom to talk to God when they please and may provide them with extra comfort.
16
Q
Explain 2 advantages of public worship:
A
Public worship, both liturgical and non-liturgical, has many benefits. For example, liturgical worship has set rituals that have developed to help the worshippers feel closer to God, people can join in at set points and the words are familiar. Public worship gives a sense of belonging to a whole community of believers.
17
Q
Explain 2 reasons why Christians should worship in the same way:
A
If all Christian worship in the same way they will have something in common with each other and will be able to support each other in their worship Christians should all believe the same things about Jesus and so should be able to worship in the same way, if they don’t it leads to division All Christians should worship the way they were taught to by Jesus, he taught them the Lord’s Prayer and so Christians should use this. Luke instructs Christians the proper way to pray: “When you pray, say…”
18
Q
Explain 2 reasons why Christians should not worship in the same way:
A
Some Christians would say that worship is personal, it is a way of honouring God and so it does not matter how a person does this this it is more important that they do it Some Christians would argue that worship reflects the difference between the Christian groups and that it is up to the denomination how they feel worship should take place Worship has been developed by different traditions and cultures, it helps those traditions and cultures feel closer to God, if it is worship of God the method of worship is unimportant. The worship they could be following may be wrong: Matthew says - “And when you pray, you must not be like the hypocrites.” Ephesians says you can pray how you wish: “’And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers”
19
Q
Explain 2 reasons why it is better to worship in a Church rather than at home:
A
Liturgical worship has set rituals that have developed to help the worshippers feel closer to God, people can join in at set points and the words are familiar. In some churches the congregation receive holy communion which means that they feel closer to God and are following Jesus’ command to “do this in memory of me.” (Luke) They would not be able to do this at home. Public worship also gives a sense of belonging to a whole community of believers
20
Q
Explain 2 reasons why it is better to worship in home rather than at a Church:
A
When you pray privately you are often using your own words to talk to God. This means that you have thought about what you are saying and it is more sincere. Private worship is more personal to God, as it allows people to communicate with God one to one and express emotions they cannot express in front of others. This enables individual Christians to establish their own relationship with God. If you are praying privately, you will not be distracted by others and you will be solely concentrating on God. With private worship, whether it be Bible study or prayer, you are free to worship at any time you choose as you do not need to wait for a public service. This is especially useful if you cannot make it to church. God also appreciates private prayer. Matthew: “When you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
21
Q
Explain 2 similarities between Christian worship and worship in Islam:
A
Both Christian and Islamic worship often involve the recitation of sacred texts. In Christianity, passages from the Bible are read aloud during services, while in Islam, the Qur’an is recited in Arabic during prayers and other religious rituals. Another similarity lies in the physical act of prostration or bowing down during worship. In Christian traditions, worshippers may kneel, bow their heads, or even prostrate themselves as a sign of reverence and submission to God. Similarly, Muslims perform the ritual of Sujud (prostration) multiple times during each prayer session as a demonstration of humility and devotion to Allah.
22
Q
Explain 2 differences between Chritian worship and worship in Islam:
A
Christians generally have no set times for prayer however, Muslims should pray five times a day at set times. Some Christians use images within worship however, Muslims do not allow the use of any images. Music is used in Christian worship but in Muslim worship it is generally not acceptable. Compare the importance of worship for Christians and Musilims (SOWA): Both Christians and Muslims consider worship as central to their spiritual lives. It serves as a means of expressing devotion, seeking guidance, and fostering a deeper connection with the divine. Community Building - Worship provides an opportunity for believers to come together as a community, strengthen bonds, and support one another in their faith journey. Whether it’s attending congregational prayers in a mosque or participating in church services, communal worship fosters a sense of belonging and solidarity among believers. For Christians, worship is often seen as an expression of gratitude, praise, and communion with God, emphasising the relationship between the believer and the divine. In contrast, worship in Islam is characterised by submission to Allah, obedience to His commands, and adherence to prescribed rituals, reflecting the concept of servitude and surrender to the will of God.
23
Q
Explain 2 reasons why liturgical forms of worship are important to Christians:
A
It provides a format to worship; some Christians believe that worshipping in set form and with set prayers, helps them to worship God in a familiar way so that worship can become a part of their lives, and allows them to participate with the prayers. The set form of the liturgy means that the rituals have developed to help the worshippers feel closer to God, as people can join in at set points and the words are familiar. Using the same form of worship as the rest of the Church also gives Christians a sense of solidarity and belonging to a whole community of people who share their beliefs. Luke instructs Christians the proper way to pray: “When you pray, say…”
24
Q
Explain 2 reasons why non-liturgical forms of worship are important to Christians:
A
Some would say that non-liturgical worship is better because it is more flexible. As the leader of the worship is free to choose the hymns, prayers, Bible readings, they can include sermons on topical events so that worship is more relevant in the modern world. It allows there to be a connection between religion and the world today. Christians may also prefer this form of worship as it is more congregational so will allow more people to participate with the worship and can help Christians connect with those who share the same beliefs. Some churches may use non-liturgical worship as it helps to reflect people’s moods from joy to sadness, so that the worship is coming from their own feelings. 3.2 - The Sacraments:
25
Outline the 3 types of Sacraments:
Initiation Service Healing
26
Outline 3 Sacraments of Initiation:
Baptism Confirmation Eucharist
27
Outline 2 Sacraments of service:
Marriage Taking holy orders
28
Outline 2 Sacraments of healing:
Reconciliation (confession) Anointing the sick with oil
29
Outline 3 features of Sacraments:
They are a sign of God’s love For some Christians, sacraments are more than just signs - they are “effective sign” which means that they actually bring about the thing that they symbolise For something to be considered a sacrament, it has to be officially recognised by the Church as having been established by Jesus
30
Outline 3 divergent recognitions of the number of Sacraments:
The Orthodox Church recognises 7 sacraments - “There are two Sacraments ordained of Christ” (39 Articles of Religion) The Church of England only recognises 2 sacraments (baptism and Eucharist) Some Protestant Churches, such as the Salvation Army, recognise 0 sacraments
31
Outline 3 roles of Sacraments for Christians:
Sacraments are regarded as visible signs of God's invisible grace, through which believers receive spiritual nourishment and empowerment for their faith journey. Sacraments serve as tangible expressions of Christian beliefs, allowing believers to participate in sacred rituals that signify their commitment to God and the community of faith. In the sacraments, Christians experience a profound union with Christ, as they partake in the symbolic actions that commemorate His saving work and signify their incorporation into His body, the Church.
32
Outline 3 teachings about baptism:
Christians believe that baptism is necessary for the person to receive salvation Baptism also makes a person a member of the church They are also taught that baptism washes away original sin and makes the person pure.
33
Outline 3 features of baptism:
A priest pours water 3 times on a child’s head The child’s parents hold a lighted candle The Child is welcomed as a member of the Church Some denominations (Baptist/Pentecostal) do not celebrate infant baptism, and instead baptise people when they are adults
34
Outline 3 teachings about the Eucharist:
Christians believe Jesus established the Eucharist at the Last Supper. Jesus split bread and wine with his disciples saying the bread was his body and the wine his blood. The Eucharist is done to remember Jesus' sacrifice
35
Outline 3 features of the Eucharist:
The priest prays for God’s special blessing on bread and wine, making them holy Each person taking part in the Eucharist takes a small piece of bread and a sip from a chalice of wine Only those who are baptised or confirmed may take part
36
Outline 3 features of Confirmation:
This is when a personal freely chooses to conclude the process of baptism Usually done after attending a course of Bible study Those being confirmed make the same statements of belief as the parents in an infant baptism Age limit of 12 for Anglicans and 8 for Catholics Service held by a local bishop, who lays hands on person’s head as a sign that the Holy Spirit has entered into a person’s life
37
Outline 3 features of Taking holy orders:
Means becoming a deacon, priest, or bishop Those taking holy orders dedicate themselves to a life of service to God and the church Priests may be married before they are ordained
38
Outline 3 features of reconciliation:
It is when a person asks forgiveness for the wrongs they have done May involve confessing sins to a priest who then gives them forgiveness May involve the person having to “do penance” such as saying a particular prayer a set number of times
39
Outline 3 features of anointing the sick:
“Is anyone among you ill? … Anoint them with oil in the name of the Lord” - James In the anointing ceremony, the sick person confesses their sins and prays with the priest The priest lays hands on the person and ome olive oil is gently rubbed on the forehead
40
Explain 2 reasons why the sacraments are important to Christians (SOWA):
Some Christians believe they are holy rituals they provide blessings (grace) for those who take part Some believe they were established by Jesus showing his presence today in the life of Christians They mark important stages in the life of a Christian e.g. baptism at the beginning of life. Acts says: “He directed that they be baptised in the name of Jesus Christ.” “The seven sacraments touch all the stages and all the important moments of Christian life” (Catechism of the Catholic Church)
41
Explain 2 reasons why some Christians have believer's baptisms, rather than infant baptisms (SOWA):
Some Christians, such as Baptist Christians, have believers' baptisms because they believe that people need to make their own decision to become a member of Christ's Church. It is more meaningful for them to choose to be baptised rather than having someone else choose for them. Mark says: “He who believes and is baptised will be saved; but he who does not believe will be condemned.” Believers Baptisms also mean that a person has studied Christianity, and this allows them to fully know that becoming a Christian is something they want to do. Other denominations such as Catholic and Anglican have infant baptisms
42
Explain 2 reasons why the Eucharist is important for many Christians (SOWA):
The Eucharist is important for Catholics because they see it as the body and blood of Jesus, and Jesus instructed his followers to take the bread and wine in memory of his body and blood at the Last Supper. He said, "Do this in memory of me". Other Christians believe that the Eucharist is important as it helps them to remember Jesus' sacrifice. For Christians, Jesus' death and resurrection are their central teachings, with the Eucharist underpinning these beliefs.
43
Explain 2 reasons why baptism is important for many Christians (SOWA):
Baptism is very important for Christians as it symbolises a person becoming a Christian and makes them a member of the church. Christians also believe baptism is important because: -Is necessary for the person to receive salvation. - Washes away original sin and makes the person pure. - Allows them to receive the other sacraments.
44
Explain 2 differences between Catholic eucharist and non-Catholic Eucharist (SOWA):
The Eucharist in the Catholic Church is part of the service known as the Mass which takes place every Sunday. However, in the Methodist Church the Eucharist is known as Holy Communion and is usually celebrated once a month. For Catholics, the mass is important because they believe that during the mass, bread and wine are turned into the body and blood of Christ, joining them with Jesus in the communion. This process is known as transubstantiation. Matthew says: “Jesus took bread, and after blessing it broke it and gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take, eat; this is my body.” Methodists, however, believe that Holy Communion is a remembrance and the bread and wine do not change, but it does bring unity and peace and closeness to Jesus, as they are symbolic of Jesus’ body and blood to help believers remember his death. Catholics believe they should receive the bread and wine at least once a week and some receive it every day. Protestants may take the break and wine less often, perhaps once every few weeks. Some do not receive it at all, for example, members of the Salvation Army. 3.3 - Prayer:
45
Outline 3 beliefs about prayer:
Christians believe that prayer is a means of communicating with God, It is where they can express gratitude, seek guidance, ask for forgiveness, and make requests. Christians believe in the power of intercessory prayer, where they can pray on behalf of others, asking God to intervene in their lives or to bring about specific outcomes. Christians believe that prayer fosters a personal relationship with God, allowing individuals to experience His presence, comfort, and guidance in their lives.
46
Outline 3 examples of set prayer:
The Book of Common Prayer The Lord’s Prayer The Nicene Creed
47
Outline 3 examples of informal prayer:
Spontaneous prayer Thanksgiving prayer Petition prayer
48
Outline 3 examples of private prayer:
Journaling Contemplative (e.g. meditation) Reading scripture
49
Outline the 3 different types of prayer:
Set prayer Informal prayer Private prayer
50
Outline 3 special purposes of prayer:
One purpose is thanksgiving; to thank God for all they have A second purpose is intercession; to ask God to help other people A third purpose is contrition; to tell God they have done wrong and ask for forgiveness
51
Outline 3 things the Lord's Prayer teaches:
Adoration: '...hallowed be your name, your Kingdom come” Confession: 'Forgive us our debts” Supplication: 'Give us today Our Daily Bread.... And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.'
52
Explain 2 special purposes of prayer (SOWA):
One special purpose of prayer is supplication. This is praying to God to ask for something for themselves or others. Philippians says: “by prayer … let your requests be made known to God” A second special purpose is contrition. This is when believers pray to tell God what they have done is wrong, and thus ask for forgiveness.
53
Explain 2 divergent Christian attitudes to prayer (SOWA):
Most Christians will use both set and informal prayer to communicate with God. The Lord’s Prayer is regularly used in most denominations, as Chritians prefer to follow the example set by Jesus. Christians who prefer to pray using set prayers find comfort in using those words that have been said throughout history and that have been authorised by their Church. Reciting these aloud as a community also increases a sense of shared belief/unity. Christians who prefer praying informally might particularly appreciate the personal nature of communicating how they are feeling with God. These Christians also value praying aloud in groups, and those with them will often say “Amen” after an individual has prayed to show that they agree with the prayer.
54
Explain 2 reasons why set prayer is important to Christians (SOWA):
It provides a format to worship; some Christians believe that worshipping in set form and with set prayers, helps them to worship God in a familiar way so that worship can become a part of their lives, and allows them to participate with the prayers. The set form of the liturgy means that the rituals have developed to help the worshippers feel closer to God, as people can join in at set points and the words are familiar. Using the same form of worship as the rest of the Church also gives Christians a sense of solidarity and belonging to a whole community of people who share their beliefs. Luke instructs Christians the proper way to pray: “When you pray, say…”
55
Explain 2 reasons why informal prayer is important to Christians (SOWA):
Some would say that informal prayer is better because it is more flexible. As the leader of the worship is free to choose the hymns, prayers, Bible readings, they can include sermons on topical events so that worship is more relevant in the modern world. It allows there to be a connection between religion and the world today. Christians may also prefer this form of worship as it is more congregational so will allow more people to participate with the worship and can help Christians connect with those who share the same beliefs. Some churches may use informal prayer as it helps to reflect people's moods from joy to sadness, so that the worship is coming from their own feelings. Ephesians - “'And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers”
56
Explain 2 reasons why private prayer is important to Christians (SOWA):
Matthew instructs the correct way to pray: “When you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.” When you pray privately you are often using your own words to talk to God. This means that you have thought about what you are saying and it is more sincere. Private worship is more personal to God, as it allows people to communicate with God one to one and express emotions they cannot express in front of others. This enables individual Christians to establish their own relationship with God. If you are praying privately, you will not be distracted by others and you will be solely concentrating on God. With private worship, whether it be Bible study or prayer, you are free to worship at any time you choose as you do not need to wait for a public service. This is especially useful if you cannot make it to church.
57
Explain 2 reasons why Christians use many types of prayer (SOWA):
Many Christians tend to use set prayers as they will come to know these prayers by heart and use them as their own prayers, especially as their own private prayers. Most Christians also use informal prayers as part of their devotions. They will express their innermost thoughts to God as a prayer, using their own words and their own language. In this way, they feel that they are in a personal relationship with God. “When you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret. And your Father who sees in secret will reward you.”
58
Explain why the Lord's Prayer is the main set prayer in Christianity (SOWA):
Christians tend to use the Lord's prayer many times in their personal contact with God as this is what Jesus asked them to do. He said in Matthew's Gospel to not be a Pagan and pray like this. This prayer also expresses the main parts of what prayers should be. For example, it includes confession when it says “forgive us for our trespasses”, and also includes adoration and supplication.
59
Explain 2 reasons why prayer is important to Christians (SOWA):
Prayer is extremely important to Christians as it is how they can communicate with God to show their adoration and love for Him both publicly and privately. Prayer also allows Christians to feel closer to God, as they can talk to God privately, and ask God for help or give thanks. Philippians says: “by prayer … let your requests be made known to God” 3.4 - Pilgrimage:
60
Outline 3 Christian beliefs about pilgrimage:
Pilgrimages increase religious faith Pilgrimages draw pilgrims closer to God Pilgrimages give believers spiritual experiences Pilgrimages are special journeys that God desires believers to undertake
61
Outline 3 places of Christian pilgrimage:
Christians go on pilgrimage to Walsingham to the site where a replica of Mary’s house was built. They also visit Jerusalem to feel close to Jesus in the places he spent his last days. A third place they visit is Taize to become more united with other Christians. There is also a pilgrimage to Iona.
62
Outline 3 purposes of Christian pilgrimages:
Pilgrimages offer Christians a chance to reconnect with their faith. Pilgrims often seek to understand the historical and cultural significance of sacred sites. Pilgrimages can be a transformative experience, leading to deeper spiritual insight and growth, which brings them closer to God.
63
Outline 3 things that Christians may do on pilgrimage:
Christians may visit important religious sites such as the Cenacle in Jerusalem. They may pray for healing of illness. Some young Christians may meet with other young people from different branches of Christianity.
64
Outline 3 reasons why Christians go on pilgrimage:
Because Jesus went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem. To become closer to God. In the hope that some of the holiness of the Saints will rub off on them. To be cured from illness or gain inner strength to cope with illnesses.
65
Outline 3 objections to pilgrimage:
Most Protestant Christians feel that emphasising special holy places is wrong because believers can encounter God anywhere. Some Christians may say that going on pilgrimage in hopes of being cured from illness provides false hope. Christians oppose any form of worshipping the Virgin Mary, so may not agree with pilgrimage to Walsingham.
66
Outline 3 historical facts of Christian pilgrimages:
The first Christian pilgrimages date from the 4th century, when travellers visited the Holy Land (Israel) to see places linked to the lift of Jesus Early pilgrims visited Rome and other places where vision of Virgin Mary were said to have occurred Over time, pilgrimage routes expanded across Europe
67
Outline 3 features of the pilgrimage to Jerusalem:
Jerusalem is known as the Holy Land It is where most of Jesus’ ministry took place In the Gospel of Luke, Jesus himself made a pilgrimage with his parents to Jerusalem at 12 When it was time to leave, his parents could not find Jesus; he was in a temple Has the Mount of Olives, where Jesus often taught his followers Has the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus was arrested Has the tomb of Virgin Mary Has the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, where Jesus was crucified and buried
68
Outline 3 features of the pilgrimage to Iona:
It is off the west coast of Scotland One of UK’s oldest sites of pilgrimage Founded by St Columba in 563 BCE Became focal point for spread of Christianity throughout Scotland Abbey was restored in 1899 and 1938, when Iona community was founded Christian community is based on worship, peace and social justice
69
Outline 3 features of the pilgrimage to Taize:
Central France The community was founded by Roger Schutz, in 1940 It has over 100 members and 1000s of pilgrims visit to share the community’s way of life The community prays together 3 times a day The community is devoted to peace and justice through prayer and meditation Encourages pilgrims to live in kindness, simplicity and reconciliation
70
Outline 3 features of the pilgrimage Walsingham:
It is said to be the place where Lady Richeldis saw a vision of Virgin Mary in 1061 CE The Virgin showed Lady Richeldis a vision of the house where the Angel Gabriel told Mary that she would be the mother of Jesus Lady Richeldis built a copy of the house on the spot where she had the vision, known as Holy House
71
Explain 2 divergent Christian views on pilgrimage (SOWA):
The Catholic Church teaches that pilgrimages are highly important in the Christian life. They believe that pilgrimages are a special opportunity to pray and experience closeness to God. The Catechism of the Catholic Church says: “Pilgrimages evoke our earthly journey toward heaven and are traditionally very special occasions” However, some Protestant Churches do not place as much emphasis on pilgrimage. Whilst journeying and praying for the sake of God is something they might encourage, pilgrimage is not considered by them to be a central part of Christian life.
72
Explain 2 reasons why the pilgrimage to Jerusalem is important for Christians (SOWA):
Jerusalem is important for pilgrims because Jesus often went on pilgrimages there, especially during religious festivals like Passover. This is seen in Luke's Gospel: “He set his face to go to Jerusalem” Jerusalem is also the major centre of Christian pilgrimage at this is where the crucial events in the last week of Jesus's life took place. For example, the Cenacle is where Jesus instituted the Eucharist at the Last Supper, so this place holds great importance for pilgrims as well as all Christians. The Via Dolorosa is the route Jesus took as he carried his cross to the place where he was crucified.
73
Explain 2 reasons why the pilgrimage to Iona is important for Christians:
Going to Iona as a pilgrim centre is cheaper for many Christians than other pilgrimage centres, so can help pilgrims feel closer to God without the concern of money. Iona is a place of spiritual learning, and many pilgrims travel to Iona to reflect on the nature of God with other Christians from all denominations, so it helps them learn from each other.
74
Explain 2 reasons why the pilgrimage to Taize is important for Christians:
Taize is an ecumenical monastery order in the South of France founded to help bring together different Christians and different races to bring lasting peace to Europe after the Second World War. This is important for pilgrims as it gives them a sense of unity. Taize is especially important for young Christians as it provides them a special place for prayer, Bible study, sharing and communal work, and gives them an opportunity to meet and learn from other young Christians.
75
Explain 2 reasons why the pilgrimage to Walsingham is important for Christians:
Some Christians may view Walsingham as an important pilgrimage centre as it has a copy of Mary's house in Nazareth built based on a vision. Here, pilgrims can feel close to 'Our Lady of Walsingham' when they pray there and it may not be as expensive as travelling to some other pilgrimage centres. The shrine in Walsingham may also hold importance for some pilgrims as it brings Catholics and Anglicans together, and healings have taken place there.
76
Explain 2 reasons why pilgrimages are important to some Christians (SOWA):
One reason pilgrimage is important to many Christians is because pilgrims are following the example of Jesus. Luke’s Gospel records that Jesus went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem every Passover. “He set his face to go to Jerusalem” (Luke) Another reason pilgrimage is important is that pilgrims become closer to God on a pilgrimage. For example, on pilgrimage to Jerusalem pilgrims visit the Cenacle (where Jesus instituted the Eucharist at Last Supper), the Church of All Nations on the Mount of Olives (where Jesus was arrested), the Convent of the Sisters of Zion (the site where Pilate tried Jesus) and many more significant features. Pilgrimage is important to some Christians as it provides them with a place to go, to become closer with God, and to find unity with other Christians who share the same beliefs. Some pilgrims may also travel to special places like Lourdes to be cured from illness or to gain inner strength to cope with illness.
77
Explain 2 reasons why some Christians do not agree with pilgrimage (SOWA):
Most Protestant Christians do not agree with pilgrimage as they feel that emphasising special holy places is wrong because God is everywhere. Believers do not have to go to holy places to encounter God. They may also disagree with certain pilgrimages, for example to places like Walsingham, as they oppose any form of worshipping the Virgin Mary and think that any veneration of Saints and relics is wrong because only God should be worshipped. This is because one of the Ten Commandments says that people should not bow down to or worship idols and images. "You must not make idols for yourselves”
78
Explain 2 arguments for pilgrimage having value in Christianity (SOWA):
Some Christians would agree. They would say that you can worship God anywhere and you do not need to go to a special place to do this. You can worship at home or in your local church. God is everywhere. Often pilgrims become tourists instead by buying trinkets and sightseeing, so this has little spiritual benefit. Some Protestants fear that pilgrimage encourages idolatry, which is forbidden in the Ten Commandments, which state that only one God should be worshipped. This is because some shrines such as Lourdes are connected to Mary who they would say should not be worshipped. Pilgrimage may be expensive. Going to Jerusalem costs a lot, and this money is better to be spent on the poor, as shown in the parable of the sheep and the goats. This is for fulfilling God's will without the need to travel. These are strong arguments, as they show that there are better alternatives which bring people closer to God and help the needy, which is the duty of every Christian. This would be following the golden rule to love God and others as yourself.
79
Explain 2 arguments against pilgrimage having value in Christianity (SOWA):
All the Christians say that pilgrimage has great value. The Bible shows that Jesus went on pilgrimage, so it can't be worthless. Luke's Gospel says that Jesus went to Jerusalem every Passover. If you go on pilgrimage, you're making an extra effort to do something for God, not just praying at home. If you were to stay at home and pray, this is not anything out of the ordinary and it's easy. Going to pilgrimage sites may make you feel closer to Jesus than if you visit places where he went, such as the route to the crucifixion. This way reminds them of the sacrifices that Jesus made for them, and they can contemplate his death and resurrection. These are strong arguments because if you save the help image as worthless then you are saying that Jesus did worthless things as he went on pilgrimage and always set a good example. In addition, you were not only going to feel closer to God but also feel brotherhood and with other pilgrims who were also at the sides. 3.5 - Christian Celebrations:
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Outline 3 examples of Christian celebrations:
Christmas Advent Holy Week Easter Sunday
81
Outline historical facts about Christmas:
God sent the Angel Gabriel to tell a woman called Mary that she would be the mother of God’s son She and her husband Joseph travelled to the town of Bethlehem In 1644 Christmas was banned
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Outline 3 features of Christmas:
It is celebrated on 25th of December It is the day of the birth of Jesus Gifts are exchanged as a celebration
83
Outline 3 features of Advent:
It starts on the Sunday nearest to 30 November Marks the start of the Christian year Time of preparation for Christmas On the first Sunday of Advent, Christians light 1 of the 4 candles on Advent wreaths On each of the next 3 Sundays before Christmas, they light one more candle
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Outline 3 features of the Holy Week:
It is the week just before Easter It begins with Palm Sunday and ends with Holy Saturday It is the final week of Lent It is a time of solemn church services, as Christians remember the final days and death of Jesus
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Outline 3 features of Easter Sunday:
Celebrates the resurrection of Jesus from the dead On Sunday morning, Mary Magdalene, found that the stone had been rolled away and the tomb was empty Soon after, thew saw Jesus had risen from the dead
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Outline 3 ways by which Christians celebrate Christmas:
Christians may go to midnight mass. Many Christians celebrate by giving presents and cards to those they love. Many children take part in Nativity plays.
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Outline 3 ways by which Christians celebrate Advent:
Many children have advent calendars. Advent may also be celebrated by lighting the candles on the advent wreath at church each Sunday in advent. There may also be a carol service for advent.
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Outline 3 ways by which Christians celebrate the Holy Week:
On Palm Sunday Christians progress near the church and distribute palm crosses. On Maundy Thursday they celebrate a special Eucharist when the priest washes people’s feet. On Good Friday they have a three hour service from noon.
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Outline 3 ways by which Christians celebrate Easter Sunday:
They have the Easter Vigil ceremony. Baptismal vows are renewed on Easter Sunday. There are many other Church services held to celebrate the resurrection.
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Outline 3 things that happen in the biblical Christmas story:
Mary gave birth to Jesus in a stable. The shepherds were Jesus' first visitors. The wise men came to visit Jesus later after following a star.
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Outline 3 days in Holy Week:
There is Palm Sunday. There is Maundy Thursday. There is Good Friday.
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Outline 3 things Christians do during Holy Week:
Christians may have a procession with palm leaves on Palm Sunday. Some may get their feet washed. Many Catholics will pray at the stations of the cross on Good Friday.
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Outline 3 teachings about Easter:
Jesus was resurrected on Easter. Jesus first appeared to Mary Magdalene and then to his other followers. Easter shows that Jesus was the Son of God as he was resurrected.
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Outline 3 things that happened on Good Friday:
Jesus was condemned to death. Jesus was made to carry his cross through the streets of Jerusalem. Later, Jesus was crucified with two robbers.
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Outline 3 ways Christians celebrate Good Friday:
Many Catholics pray at the stations of the cross. They have mass at 3pm which is the time they think Jesus died. Catholics do not eat meat as an act of self-discipline.
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Explain 2 events that happened during the Holy Week (SOWA):
One event that happened during the Holy Week is Jesus’ arrival in Jerusalem on a donkey on Palm Sunday. This is when huge crowds greeted him and threw down palm leaves. This fulfilled an ancient prophecy that the Messiah would arrive in this way. Today, Christians receive small palm crosses to remind them of the prophecy and the death of Jesus. Zechariah says: “See your king comes to you … gentle and riding on a donkey” A second event is Maundy Thursday. This is when Jesus washed the disciples’ feet and the Last Supper took place. The washing of feet was a symbolic act to show that the disciples must be humble and serve others. On this day, churches may hold a meal reflecting the original last supper. John says: “Jesus began to wash his disciples’ feet, drying them with the towel”
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Explain 2 reasons why Christmas is important to Christians (SOWA):
Christmas is significant for Christians because it is the celebration of the Incarnation when Christians believe God became man as Jesus. Without the birth of Jesus Christ, there would be no Christianity. As the Catechism of the Catholic Church says, “the wonder of Christmas is that God became man.” Christmas is also significant because celebrating the birth of Christ unites Christians in a happy festival and reminds them that the incarnation means all Christians, whatever their colour or ethnicity, share a common faith. Christmas celebrates the Incarnation through the birth of Jesus, which reminds Christians that God came to earth as a human. Luke's Gospel reminds Christians of this as it details Gabriel telling Mary that she had been chosen to be the mother of God's only son. This shows that Jesus is God incarnate, so without the birth of Christ, there would be no Christianity. Christmas also highlights the importance of the family, as Jesus was born into a human family. This is now a time when families make the effort to be kind and loving. It is through the family that the Christian faith continues, so celebrating Christmas is very important. It celebrates the birth of Jesus; this is a joyful event that needs to be marked
98
Explain 2 reasons why Advent is important to Christians (SOWA):
Advent is important to Christians as it is a time of preparation when Christians think about the second coming of Christ and what they need to do to be ready for his return and the final judgement. Isaiah says, 'In the wilderness prepare the way for the Lord', in this way Christians can remember the true meaning of Christmas. Secondly, Advent gives Christians a time to reflect on the incarnation and the coming of Christ into the world at his birth, so it links them effectively to God.
99
Explain 2 reasons why the Holy Week is important to Christians (SOWA):
Palm Sunday is important as it shows that people acknowledge Jesus as the Messiah, worthy of adoration. Maundy Thursday is important for Christians as this is when the Last Supper took place. Here, Jesus established the Holy Communion by instructing his followers to remember his sacrifice, by sharing bread and wine; he said, 'do this in remembrance of me.' Good Friday is important because Christians believe that Jesus' suffering and death was the ultimate sacrifice for the sins of mankind. This means that they can be forgiven and saved as they are now reconciled with God.
100
Explain 2 reasons why Easter Sunday is important to Christians (SOWA):
St Paul said, "if there was no resurrection then our preaching is useless." Easter is the most important festival in Christianity because the resurrection shows that Jesus was the son of God and therefore all that he taught has authority. If Jesus did not rise from the dead, he was not God in the flesh. Secondly, Easter symbolises the opening of heaven with the gift of eternal life as it assures reconciliation between God and humans. Most Christians would agree that Easter is the most important festival as it celebrates the resurrection of Christ, which Christians believe proves the identity of Jesus as God's son. If Jesus did not rise from the dead he would not be God incarnate and would have merely been a human moral teacher: without the resurrection all that Jesus taught would have no authority and Christianity would not exist. Furthermore, through the resurrection of Christ, forgiveness of humanity's sins is assured and the relationship between humans and God is restored. Easter symbolises the opening of Heaven with the gift of eternal life so is incredibly important for Christians.
101
Explain 2 ways how Holy Week is celebrated (SOWA):
On Palm Sunday Jesus was welcomed into Jerusalem as a king with people waving palm leaves in the air saying, "blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord." Christians now celebrate Palm Sunday by having a procession with palm leaves, which have been blessed. On Maundy Thursday, as part of the Christian service, the priest washes 12 believers' feet as Jesus did, showing love for one another. Many Catholics do not eat meat on Good Friday as an act of self-discipline which goes back to a time when meat was a luxury item. On Easter Sunday, Christians have the Easter Vigil ceremony, which is a ceremony of light symbolising the darkness of the tomb, becoming the light and joy of the resurrection. 3.6 - The future of the Church:
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Outline 3 examples of how Christianity is growing:
Christianity has more followers than any other religion The number of Christians in the world currently is 2.4 billion and is growing Christians in Africa are increasing, with 33K people joining the faith everyday
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Outline 3 ways in which Christians carry out evangelical work in the UK:
Churches Together organises the Alpha Course, which aims to introduce non-churchgoers to the basics of the Christian faith. They also organise Hope which provides resources and ideas for evangelisation in local communities. Another way is through the Scripture Union which uses social media to bring the gospel to those outside the Churches.
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Outline 3 purposes of missionary work for Christians:
Spreads the teachings of Jesus Invites non-Christians to convert to Christianity Establishes monasteries and churches Sets up an runs schools/colleges Translates Bible into every language Provides sanitation and clean water Sets up and staffs medical centres/hospitals
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Outline 3 purposes of evangelical work for Christians:
Preaches the Gospel
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Explains the teachings of Jesus
Persuades people to turn to God and reject evil; Warns people about consequences of sin Calls people to follow Jesus
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Outline 3 historical teachings of missionary work for Christians:
The first missionaries were the original followers of Jesus, who obeyed his command called the Great Commission With the help of the Holy Spirit, the followers were commanded to preach the gospel to all of creation “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation” - Mark The most famous early missionary was St Paul, whose mission took him Rome
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Outline 3 criticisms of missionary work abroad:
Might only spread Western values Can infect local populations with foreign germs and diseases Can cause conflicts and even wars, like in the past Could be accused of using natural disasters as an opportunity to “convert” those who are suffering; manipulative
109
Outline 3 methods of evangelistic communication:
Television - “God’s Channel” Radio Internet Social Media Drama and Comedy Music Speaking to crowds at huge events
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Outline 3 reasons why evangelistic work is important to Christians:
Encourages Christians to obey the Great Commission of Jesus Encourages Christians to tell other people about their faith Can help the poor and suffering to have hope Can occur alongside improvements to education and healthcare Keeps the Christian message alive and relevant to life today Brings many new Christians to Church
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Outline 3 ways Christians encourage others to take an interest in Christianity:
Local Churches fund projects to spread God's word. Some Christians take part in the Scripture Union which uses social media to bring the gospel to those outside the Church. They may have Alpha courses which aim to introduce non-Christians to the basics of Christianity.
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Outline 3 Christian teachings about evangelism and missionary work:
The Great Commission tells Christians that it is their duty to preach the gospel. Christians believe evangelism will help save others from sin. They also believe it is a loving thing to do as it brings people to God.
113
Explain 2 reasons why Christians carry out evangelical work (SOWA):
Most Christians see it as their responsibility to spread the Gospel and the Christian faith as this was Jesus' last command in the Great Commission; he said, "Go into the world and preach the gospel to all creation." (Mark) By completing evangelical/missionary work, Christians are putting Jesus' teachings into practice and allow people to be saved from their sin through Jesus and gain eternal life.
114
Explain 2 reasons why Christians carry out missionary work (SOWA):
Christians carry out missionary work because Jesus told them to. His final words to his disciples in John were that he was sending his disciples into the world just as God had sent him. “As the father has sent me, I am sending you." Jesus gave Christians a duty to convert the whole world, known as the Great Commission, when he told his disciples their duty was to preach the gospel to all nations and bring the world to the Christian faith. Christians believe that only by becoming a Christian can people outside the faith be assured a place in heaven.
115
Explain 2 reasons why evangelistic work is important to Christians (SOWA):
Most Catholics and Evangelical Christians support missionary and evangelical work because: The Great Commission told Christians that it was their duty to preach the gospel and bring the world to the Christian faith. "Go into the world and preach the gospel to all creation." (Mark) It is a loving thing to do as it brings people to God and his love. If they believe that people can only get to heaven if they believe in Jesus, then they are helping people follow the path which will save them.
116
Explain 2 reasons why some Christians may not agree with missionary work (SOWA):
Some liberal Christians do not believe that missionary work is important because: The most important commandment of Jesus was to love God and to “love thy neighbour”. Telling someone that their religion is wrong is not loving them. Trying to convert others means that you think that your religion is right and theirs is wrong. But unless you know all religions, how can you be sure? Overseas missionary work can seem like colonisation, where you are imposing your beliefs on others. This in the past has caused conflicts and even wars, because they could be accused of trying to “convert” those who are suffering by only spreading Western values. “If anyone will not welcome you or listen to your words, shake the dust off your feet when you leave that house or town.” - Matthew
117
Explain 2 ways Christians encourage others to take an interest in Christianity (SOWA):
Courses such as the Alpha Course which aims to introduce non Christians to the basics of Christianity. Scripture union uses social media to bring the gospel to those outside the church, schools, and youth groups. Local churches fund projects to spread God's word, such as grants for community projects or to help the elderly. Local churches also provide community support through food banks and events for children. Many churches may be linked across the country and involved in national faith-based events such as conferences and summer camps. They may have ecumenical events or projects where churches of different denominations work together to serve their community. There may be opportunities to study or create links with Christians in other countries and to be involved with spreading the message there. People can choose to go to underdeveloped areas and help with building work, education or shared products.
118
Explain 2 reasons why Christians should try to convert others (SOWA):
Many Christians feel that they have a responsibility to share their faith with others and provide a Ministry of service through education, medical work or social justice. This belief is based on the Great Commission, which was Jesus last command to his disciples, "Go into the world and preach the gospel to all creation. Whoever believes in his baptise will be saved” - Mark Jesus also said, "As the father has sent me, I am sending you." So by completing missionary or evangelical work, Christians are putting these Bible teachings into practice and help allow people to be saved from their sin through Jesus.
119
Explain 2 reasons why Christians should not try to convert others (SOWA):
Some liberal Protestants would disagree: In this modern world, there is a lot of diversity meaning that people have different beliefs and religions. Christians must accept this because the most important commandment of Jesus was to love God and to love your neighbour. Telling someone that their religion is wrong is not loving them. Trying to convert others means that you think that your religion is right and theirs is wrong. But unless you know all religions, how can you be sure? Overseas missionary work can seem like colonisation, where you are imposing your beliefs on others. This in the past has caused conflicts and even wars, because they could be accused of trying to “convert” those who are suffering by only spreading Western values. “If anyone will not welcome you or listen to your words, shake the dust off your feet when you leave that house or town.” - Matthew 3.7 - The Local Church:
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Outline 3 ways the Church helps the local area:
Supports local Christian schools Provides social facilities such as youth clubs, uniformed organisations and toddler groups Provides financial support Raises money for charity Gives spiritual support to the sick Offers Church as a community centre to bring local people together Supports groups that campaign for justice and peace
121
Outline 3 reasons why the Church helps the local area:
The Church recognises its moral obligation to address social injustices within the local community, reflecting its commitment to Christian values of compassion and justice. Helping the local area aligns with the Christian mission of spreading love and serving others, as outlined in teachings such as the Parable of the Good Samaritan, where Jesus emphasised the importance of showing mercy and care to those in need. By actively engaging in community service and outreach, the Church exemplifies Christian values of kindness, aiming to make a positive impact on society and uphold the teachings of Jesus Christ.
122
Outline 3 ways the local Church helps the worshipper:
It provides marriage services for couples wanting a church wedding The local church provides worship and discussion groups Provide support and advice for families that are experiencing difficulties Offering moral guidance Praying for those in need Supports young adults with advice on jobs, training and finance Gives friendship and help to the elderly
123
Outline 3 reasons why the Church helps the worshipper:
Fulfils the law of Christ: Galatians - “Carry each other's burdens, and in this way you will fulfil the law of Christ.” Within the Church community, worshippers find support, encouragement, and fellowship, which demonstrates Christian values of compassion Helping the worshipper allows the worshipper to feel grateful and draws them to a closer relationship with God with gratitude
124
Outline 3 examples of local parish activities:
Community outreach programs Educational and youth programs Community events and gatherings
125
Outline 3 features/beliefs/teachings about outreach work:
Christians are commanded to emulate the positive values of the example of Jesus Christ, and outreach work is one way to do this Outreach work is a good deed which fulfils the Great Commission of Jesus Outreach work allows the person being outreached to have faith in Jesus and allows them to go to Heaven if they believe
126
Outline 3 features of Ecumenism:
Churches from different denominations have joint activities such as, services, social gatherings and discussion groups. They may do charity work together for Christian Aid Week. Priests sometimes preach in the other churches
127
Outline 3 ways in which the local Church is important for the local Christian community:
The local church is important because it provides Sunday services so that people can show their devotion to God. It also offers the sacraments to the people, with baptisms, marriage and funerals being especially important. A third way is by providing worship and discussion groups for people to learn more about God and how Christians should behave.
128
Outline 3 ways by which the parish Church is the centre of local religious life:
It is a place for Christians to gather as a community It has a regular pattern of worship through Church services It has special services for baptisms, weddings and funerals It is a place to learn about Christian beliefs and way of life It provides care and advice from the priest and other Church officials
129
Outline 3 things ecumenism/closer union will lead to:
Tolerance of different ideas Mutual understanding of the Christian faith Less discrimination and conflict Friendship among Christians
130
Explain 2 reasons why the local church is important for the local area (SOWA):
The local church is important for the local area because it provides facilities that might not otherwise be provided. For example, causes such as Church Action on Poverty work with local churches and with people in poverty themselves to find solutions to poverty. The local church does this because St Peter told local Church leaders to “be shepherds of God’s flock.” - Peter It is also important because local churches support the local Christian schools (most areas have both Catholic and Church of England primary and secondary schools) which provide a Christian education for children of local families fulfilling the advice of the Catechism that it is the task of the local parish to bring people into the life of the Church and help the local area through good works and brotherly love.
131
Explain 2 reasons why the local church is important for the believer (SOWA):
The local church provides worship and discussion groups, helping people to learn more about God and how Christians should behave. - Providing social facilities such as youth clubs, uniformed organisations and toddler groups, so helping fulfil people's need to socialise and make friends. They do this as St Peter told church leaders to “be shepherds of God's flock” - Peter.
132
Explain 2 ways how the Church is involved in outreach work (SOWA):
The Church may get involved in outreach work by supporting causes such as church action on poverty, which works with local churches and with people in poverty themselves to find solutions. They may also provide help for the needy through running food banks and helping with local hostels for the homeless. By this means, the Church shows love for those in need, as requested by Jesus in the Parable of the Sheep and Goats. Matthew: ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.”
133
Explain 2 reasons why the local Church is important to Christians:
The local church is important because it: - Unites the local community (during the celebrations of mass festivals, social activities) - Provides support and comfort when needed (e.g. bereavement, sickness, etc.) - Can give advice from sources of authority, such as the minister or vicar advising about divorce. - Gives identity and belonging to people in a community. They see themselves as members of the church and this is a main part of who they are. 3.8 - The Worldwide Church:
134
Outline 3 of Christian Aid initiatives aimed at improving life in developing countries:
Christian Aid runs development projects such as helping small groups set up businesses. It also organises campaigns to make the world a fairer place. Another activity of Christian Aid is helping with natural disasters and refugees by sending water and food, antibiotics and shelters.
135
Outline 3 reasons why the Church works for reconciliation:
Instructed by Great Commission of Jesus Allows believers to enter heaven and be free of sin Helps restore faith with believers and Christ Represents righteous Christian values
136
Outline 3 ways by which the Church works for reconciliation:
The Church provides pastoral care and counselling services to individuals and communities experiencing conflict or strife. Many churches actively engage in peacemaking initiatives and support campaigns aimed at promoting reconciliation and resolving conflicts. Some churches offer and implement restorative justice programs as part of their reconciliation efforts.
137
Outline 3 problems faced by the persecuted Church:
The Church faces anti-religious prejudice. Many members of the Church are refugees. It may find itself in conflict with mainstream politics. It may have to act as the voice of reconciliation in the world.
138
Outline 3 roles of the Church:
Representing Jesus on Earth Bringing the Gospel to all people Helping the poor, sick and needy Promoting friendships Bringing together as community all the people who want to know and love God
139
Outline 3 debate topics the Church has a powerful influence on:
Abortion Injustice Marriage Moral issues Political decisions Poverty Same-sex relationships
140
Outline 3 Christian teachings on reconciliation:
Jesus came to Earth so that people could be reconciled with God and their sins could be forgiven. According to Christianity, when people talk through their issues and reconcile, peace can be achieved. The Lord's Prayer states that if you want to be forgiven, you must forgive others their trespasses.
141
Outline 3 Christian teachings about charity:
Christians believe that they should share the good things of the Earth to help others The parable of the Sheep and goats shows that Christians must help the needy by being charitable. Charity is a way of loving your neighbour.
142
Outline 3 ways Christian Aid helps others:
They campaign to cancel debt owed by some of the world's poorest countries. They educate people in the UK about the need for and the benefits of helping developing countries. They promote fair trade to ensure fair prices, improved working conditions and sustainability. They help in times of natural disaster and provide aid to refugees by sending water, food, medicine and shelters.
143
Outline 3 Christian beliefs/teachings about persecution:
Christians believe that persecution is a sign of their faithfulness to God and an opportunity to demonstrate endurance and faith in the face of adversity. They believe in the teachings of Jesus that those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake are blessed and will receive a reward in heaven. Christians see persecution as a means of identifying with Christ's suffering, following his example, and participating in the redemptive work of God.
144
Outline 3 ways by which the Ecumenical Movement aims to bring Christians of different viewpoints together:
Praying and seeking guidance Arranging meetings to share viewpoints and situations Getting churches and groups to work together Holding conferences and events around the world
145
Outline 3 ways by which the World Council of Churches aims to seek reconciliation and peace for people around the world:
Organising days of prayer Campaigning for peace and human rights Responding to calls for help and support Speaking out against oppression and terrorism Supporting missionaries
146
Outline 3 reasons why Christian Aid supports Christians:
Fulfils the law of Christ: Galatians - “Carry each other's burdens, and in this way you will fulfil the law of Christ.” Within the Church community, worshippers find support, encouragement, and fellowship, which demonstrates Christian values of compassion Helping the worshipper allows the worshipper to feel grateful and draws them to a closer relationship with God with gratitude
147
Explain 2 situations where Christians are persecuted:
Most of the countries where Christians are persecuted are Muslim countries operating under a strict form of Shariah law. For example, in Somalia, Islam is the state religion and converting to any other religion is illegal, so many Christians meet in secret and cannot own Bibles. Christians in North Korea have been heavily persecuted because everyone in North Korea must worship the nation's leader. Thousands of Christians have been imprisoned, tortured and even executed.
148
Explain 2 reasons why reconciliation is important to the Church (SOWA):
Reconciliation mends broken relationships. This brings peace and harmony between individuals, groups or countries. Today, the Church seeks to reconcile relationships around the world because Jesus taught “to love one another as I have loved you” - John. Reconciliation allows the Church to promote Christian values and restore society’s faith in Christ. The Church brings together people of different beliefs to help them reach a reconciliation. It offers prayer, friendship and advice, as well as financial help and expert practical help in difficult situations. Two examples are the Ecumenical Movement and the World Council of Churches. Reconciliation is at the heart of Christianity; Jesus came to Earth so that people could be reconciled with God and their sins could be forgiven. Christianity is seen as a religion of peace; this is because many Christians see Jesus as a pacifist as he taught: "blessed are the peacemakers." Christians believe that when people talk through their issues and reconcile, peace can be achieved.
149
Explain 2 reasons why the Church is important to the worldwide community (SOWA):
One reason is because it encourages peace and harmony between individuals and countries. This is because it teaches and tries to set a good example of living a moral life, through the teachings of Christ. “Wherever we see the Word of God purely preached … there a church of God exists” - Theologian John Calvin A second reason is because it organises charity work. This supports the work of its missionaries to fulfil the Great Commission of Jesus and helps Christians in need around the world. Galatians - “Carry each other's burdens, and in this way you will fulfil the law of Christ.”
150
Explain 2 acts of support from Christian Aid (SOWA):
It gives immediate aid such as first aid, food, shelter, and clothing in times of disaster. In 2014, it gave emergency help during the famine in South Sudan and the Ebola disease outbreak in Sierra Leone, etc. It gives long-term aid and education to help the poor feed themselves. For example, it has provided medical care, clean water, and farming equipment in many countries, including Ethiopia, Malawi and Afghanistan. It runs political campaigns. In 2012, it organised marches in London against climate change and for more provision for the poor. “Christian Aid insists the world can and must be swiftly changed to one where everyone can live a full life, free from poverty”
151
Explain 2 reasons why Christians work to end world poverty (SOWA):
Christians work to end world poverty because of what St Paul taught about the importance of love in Corinthians and because of statements by the House of Bishops of the Church of England that said Christians have a duty to help the poor. They also work to end world poverty because of the parable Jesus told about the Sheep and the Goats which said that Christians have to “feed the hungry and clothe the naked” if they want to have a chance of reaching heaven.
152
Explain 2 divergent Christian views on charity (SOWA):
For: Christians believe that everyone should be treated with dignity as they were all made in the image of God, and sometimes they need extra support by way of getting money from charity in order to live a dignified life. Looking after and giving to others, in the form of charity, is an important part of Christianity, as Christians believe that God gave humans stewardship. This means humans are responsible for looking after and protecting those in need. As all humans are equal in the eyes of God, anyone in need is deserving of help, so it is important that Christians give money to charity. The parable of the Sheep and goats shows that Jesus wants people to help the needy and this is how to get to heaven. One way to help the needy is through being charitable. Mark - “Go sell everything you have and give it to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven” “God loves a cheerful giver” - Corinthians Some will give charity and tell no one that they have done it. This is because Matthew says: “Be careful not to practise your righteousness in front of overs … you will have no reward from your Father” Against: Some may disagree and say that some Christians may not be able to afford to give money to charity, as they themselves may not have much, but can still help those in need in other ways; this could include working at food banks and feeding the hungry or visiting the sick and elderly. This way of charity may be far more valuable than simply giving money, as it requires more thought and energy. As well as this, if Christians are simply just giving money away because they are trying to get into heaven as shown in the Parable of the Sheep and Goats - this is not acting out of love. Saint Paul taught that love is the greatest spiritual gift of all. Many Christians take this to mean that they should strive to show love towards others. Saint Paul stated that: 'And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love.' By actively being involved in charity work is the greatest way to show love, whereas giving money can be seen as quite passive. “If I give all I possess to the poor … but do not have love, I gain nothing” - Corinthians Chapter 4 - Exam-Style Questions: 4.1 - Origins and Value of the Universe:
