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Cardiopulmonary > Ischemic Heart Disease > Flashcards

Ischemic Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

An obstruction in what artery impacts heart function?

A

Coronary

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2
Q

List the main coronary arteries

A

Left
Right
Branches (circumflex, LAD)

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3
Q

List the determinates of Myocardial Blood Flow

A

Diastolic BP
Resistance
Vasomotor Tone
LV End-Diastolic pressure

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4
Q

Equation of Blood Pressure

A

BP = (Cardiac Output) X (Total Peripheral Resistance)

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5
Q

What is the most powerful contributor to cardiovascular disease?

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

At what BP vital should you STOP exercise?

A

-SBP > 250 mmHg OR DBP > 115mmHg
-BP drops 20 mmHg
- SBP drops 10 mmHg AND DBP drops 10 mmHg

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7
Q

At what BP vital should you get medical clearance for exercise?

A
  • Resting SBP > 200 mmHg
  • DBP > 105 mmHg
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8
Q

List side effects for taking BP medications

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Drop in BP during activity

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9
Q

Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to what effect in the brain?

A

Cerebral aneurysm
Hemorrhagic CVA (stroke)

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10
Q

Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to what effect in th eyes?

A

Retinopathy

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11
Q

Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to what in the heart?

A

Congestive heart failure
Atherosclerosis
Angina
Myocardial infarction

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12
Q

Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to what in the kidney?

A

Nephrosclerosis
Chronic renal failure

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms for heart attack in men/general

A

Radiating pain (jaw or left side)
Crushing pain
“elephant is sitting on my chest”
“hard to breathe”

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms for heart attack in women

A

Unusual fatigue
Sleep disturbances
SOB
Indigestion
Anxiety
Chest discomfrt

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15
Q

Atypical signs and symptoms for heart attack

A

Indigestion
LV dysfunction
Arrhythmia
Syncope
Silent

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16
Q

Precipitating factors of heart attack

A

Cold
Exertion
Anxiety
Heavy meals
Tachycardia
Hypoglycemia

17
Q

What factors can relieve heart attack temporarily?

A

Rest
NTG (nitroglycerin)

18
Q

How can we determine myocardial oxygen demand? (equation)

A

Rate pressure product = HR x SBP

19
Q

How many days without change is categorized as stable angina?

A

60 days

20
Q

How is stable angina characterized?

A

Chest pain

21
Q

How does stable angina typically present?

A

Tachycardia
Hypoxia

22
Q

How is stable angina relieved?

A

Rest
Sublingual nitroglycerin

23
Q

How is unstable angina characterized?

A

Sign/symptoms of inadequate blood supply to myocardium

24
Q

BIG sign/symptom of unstable angina?

A

Chest pain at rest

25
Q

When should a physician/nurse be notified when unstable angina suspected?

A

Angina at rest
Angina at lower exertion
Deterioration of previously stable pattern
Drop in HR or BP w/ exercise

26
Q

How is prinzmetal angina characterized?

A

unusual syndrome of cardiac pain secondary to MI

27
Q

What type of angina is exclusively at rest?

A

Prinzmetal angina

28
Q

What type of angina is secondary to increased coronary vasomotor tone or vasospasm?

A

Prinzmetal angina

29
Q

What pharmacological drugs are used to treat prinzmetal angina?

A

Nitrates
Calcium Channel Blockers

30
Q

Name two types of acute MI’s

A

Transmural
Non-transmural (subednocardial)

31
Q

What does a STEMI indicate?

A

Occlusion in a large vessel and a large area is at risk
ST elevation

32
Q

Is a STEMI an emergency?

A

Yes! Requires thrombolytic therapy or immediate cardiac catheterization

33
Q

What does an NSTEMI indicate?

A

High grade lesion, without total occlusion to a smaller area (most of the time)

34
Q

List treatment/interventions of MI (acute coronary syndrome)

A

Morphine sulfate
Beta blockers
Aspirin
EKG
Blood draw for cardiac makers

Cardiopulmonary (8 decks)

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