Acid-Base Reactions

Question 1

Name this physiological reaction:
pH below 7.4, HCO3 decreases.

Answer 1

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 2

Name this physiological reaction:
pH above 7.4, HCO3 increases.

Answer 2

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 3

Name this physiological reaction:
pH below 7.4, CO2 increases

Answer 3

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 4

Name this physiological reaction:
pH above 7.4, CO2 decreases

Answer 4

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 5

Describe compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

Respiratory compensation:
Person will increase RR to blow out CO2
Decrease in CO2

Question 6

Describe compensation mechanism for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 6

Respiratory compensation:
Person will decrease RR to hold onto CO2
Increase in CO2

Question 7

Describe compensation mechanism for respiratory acidosis

Answer 7

Metabolic compensation:
Kidneys try to hold onto HCO3

Question 8

Describe compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 8

Metabolic compensation:
Kidneys try to get rid of HCO3

Question 9

List causes that can lead to metabolic acidosis

Answer 9

• Extended lack of O2 (from shock, heart failure, etc) that leads to lactic acid
• Diabetes (ketones)
• Excessive alcoholism
• Severe diarrhea
• Severe dehydration

Question 10

List causes that can lead to metabolic alkalosis

Answer 10

• Prolonged vomiting
• Excessive diuretic use
• Hypokalemia
• Ingestion of too much bicarbonate (Tums)

Question 11

List causes that can lead to respiratory acidosis

Answer 11

• Suppressed breathing (pain)
• COPD
• Pulmonary Edema
• Impaired chest wall excursion (stroke)

Question 12

List causes that can lead to respiratory alkalosis

Answer 12

• Hyperventilation
  (heart attack, pain/fear, asthma, infection)