Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulmonary > Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction > Flashcards

Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What condition impairs the heart’s ability to pump or receive blood?

A

Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List characteristics of CMD (read)

A
  • Ejection fraction is 30-40%
  • Angina and myocardial ischemia is brought on by lack of O2 supply/demand to heart
  • Cardiac arrhythmias from decreased myocardial function
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Hypertension
  • Myocardium stiffens
  • LV weakens and dilates
  • Renal insufficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common cause of CHF?

A

Cardiac muscle dysfunction from dilated cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is CHF manifested?

A

Pulmonary congestion or edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common cause of CMD?

A

MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cardiomyopathy?

A

Abnormality of heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the heart affected from cardiomyopathy?

A

Lack of pumping of the heart - contraction/relaxation issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to the heart as it compensates for cardiomyopathy?

A

It becomes larger - cardiomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does ischemic cardiomyopathy result from?

A

From coronary artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does nonischemic cardiomyopathy result from?

A

Disease of heart muscle itself:
- Dilated
- Hypertrophic
- Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three types of cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated
Hypertrophic
Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dilated cardiopathy is [idiopathic/non-idiopathic]

A

Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What age group is typically affected by dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Middle-aged
Men > Women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Family genetics
Viral infection
Alcoholism
Toxins
Cancer drugs
Pregnancy and childbirth
Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe structural changes of dilated cardiomyopathy.

A

Dilated left ventricle and atrium
Bulging interventricular septum from left to right
Thin ventricular walls
Myocardial mitochondria dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does heart function change due to dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Ineffective/inefficient pumping
Heart is working at end-range, not enough cardiac output

17
Q

Describe structural changes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

A

Increased thickness of LV wall
Increased thickness of interventricular septum
Decreased LV cavity size

18
Q

How does heart function change due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Exaggerated pump function (hypercontractile systolic function)
Poor heart relaxation (diastolic dysfunction)

19
Q

What type of cardiomyopathy is rarest?

A

Restrictive

20
Q

What type of cardiomyopathy has the worst prognosis?

A

Restrictive

21
Q

Describe structural changes of restrictive cardiomyopathy.

A

Stiffened wall of ventricles with loss of flexibility due to infiltration by abnormal tissue

22
Q

What are signs to look for CHF?

A
  • Cardiac silhouette (ball sack) on chest x-ray
  • Fluid in lungs
  • EF < 30%
  • Cold, cyanotic extremities
  • Abnormal S3 heart sound
  • Sinus tachycardia
  • Quick, shallow breaths
  • Peripheral edema
  • Crackles/Rales during inspiration
  • Systolic BP with controlled expiratory maneuver
  • Jugular vein distension (JVD)
  • Decreased exercise tolerance
23
Q

What is an abnormal S3 sound indicate?

A

LV is non-compliant and poor relaxation during diastole

24
Q

What are symptoms that patients will report indicating CHF?

A

Dyspnea
“difficulty breathing”

25
Q

Why does dyspnea occur?

A
  • Poor gas transport due to acute/chronic pulmonary edema
  • Abdominal ascites from peripheral edema and limited diaphragm descent
  • Ventilatory muscle weakness
  • Lack of O2 supply from increased tidal volume and RR
26
Q

What symptom will patients report at night due to CHF?

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea
“suddenly can’t breathe that wakes me up at night”

27
Q

How should be position patient with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea/orthopnea?

A
  • HOB propped up in bed or chair
  • Avoid lying supine
28
Q

Why is digitalis (Digoxin) used for treatment?

A
  • Blocks the Na/K pump to activate Na-Ca exchange
  • Leads to increased myocardial contractility
  • Increases renal perfusion (diuretic effect)
  • Relief symptoms of heart failure
  • Decreases sympathetic influence on heart and increases parasympathetic activity (thru AV node)
29
Q

What are side effects of digitalis?

A

Bradycardia
Fatigue, nausea
ST segment depression, 1st degree block, PVS< V-tach, A-fib
Slightly toxic if dosage increased

30
Q

How does digitalis help with exercise?

A

Improve LV function
Improve EF

Cardiopulmonary (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions