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Supporting Life > Ischaemic Stroke > Flashcards

Ischaemic Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

Types of stroke

A

Ischaemic stroke = blocked artery

Haemorrhagic stroke= artery breaks

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2
Q

More common stroke

A

Ischemic

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3
Q

Damage depends on

A

Location and time

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4
Q

If symptoms resolve in 24 hours then it is a?

Risk is?

A

Transient ischemic attack

Minimal long term damage

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5
Q

Right cerebrum controls ?

A

Muscles on left side of the body and vice versa

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6
Q

Function of lobes

A

Frontal- movement /executive function

Parietal- sensory info

Temporal - hearing, smell, memory, language, facial recognition

Occipital- vision

Cerrebellum- muscle coordination + balance

Brain stem- HR, BP, Breathing, GI, consciousness

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7
Q

Back of brain supplied by

A

Basilar artery

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8
Q

Vertebral artery (internal carotid artery) supplies

A

Frontal+ parental parts of the brain

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9
Q

Brain arteries connected by

A

Circle of Willis

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10
Q

Collateral circulation

A

Blood can flow around circle of Willis to provide blood for any part of the brain that is under supplied

Can overcome gradual blockage

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11
Q

Endothelial cell dysfunction ? Explained

A

IritNts damage endothelium (tobacco)

Damage site becomes site for artherosclerosis

Plaque forms and obstructs blood flow

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12
Q

Most common sites for atherosclerosis

A

Branch points of the internal carotid + middle cerebral arteries

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13
Q

Which plaques are more dangerous

A

Small plaques

Fibrous cap ripped off

Thrombogenic plaque left behind

Within a minute the artery can be duly blocked

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14
Q

2 ways of ischemic stroke

A

Endothelial cell dysfunction

Embolism

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15
Q

Embolism explained

A

Blood clot breaks off and gets lodged in another location

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16
Q

What causes stagnant blood

A

AF OR MI

17
Q

What does stagnant blood form

A

Blood clot

18
Q

Blood clot in left atrium leads to

In right vertical leads to

A

Left = brain

Right= lungs

If septal defect then clot can go to any side

19
Q

Lacunar stroke most commonly where

A

Middle cerebral artery deep branches

Damaged brain forms cysts that look like lakes

20
Q

Lacunar cysts form due to

A

Hyaline arteriosclerosis

21
Q

When 02 diminished in body for any reason what happens

A

Up have a watershed infarct in your brain

22
Q

Ischemic Core

A

Tissues die due to ischemia

23
Q

Ischemic penumbra

A

Preserved by collateral circulation may survive I’d restored early enough

24
Q

High NA

+ high CA2+ means what in cells

A

NA = oedema

Ca2+= reactive oxygen species

Damaged mitochondria + lysosome release apoptosis inducing factors

25
Q

Inflammation does what

A

Damages the blood brain barrier

Fluid + protein enter brain

(Vasogenic edema)

26
Q

Swollen brain means

A

Swollen tissue push into the unaffected side of the brain

Causing cingulate/ uncalled herniation

Or slips out of base of skull (cerebellar tonsil herniation)

Can push into brainstem and affect breathing + consciousness

27
Q

Stroke in
Anterior /middle cerebral artery

Broca region

Wernickes area

Posterior cerebral artery stroke

A

Numbness/swollen muscles weakness

Slurred speech

Difficulty understanding speech

Vision

28
Q

Stroke symptoms s

A

FAST
Face droop

Arm weakness

Speech difficulty

time to get help quick

29
Q

Diagnosis

A

Ct or mri

Angiography to look at where blood is

Flair to distinguish old stroke from new

30
Q

Treatment

A

Thrombolectic enzymes
TPa (activates clotting enzymes) has time limit for usage

Aspirin- prevents clotting

Surgery if TPA doesn’t work

31
Q

Minimise risk how

A

Quit smoking
Healthy bp
Normal LDL cholesterol
Control diabetes

32
Q

Surgical treatments

A

Clean attires
Carotid endarterectomy

Stent - placed to keep artery open

Supporting Life (16 decks)

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