Copd Flashcards
Respiratory symptoms
Dyspnea
Cough
Sputum production
Causes of COPD
Smoking Poorly ventilated Organic / inorganic dusts Chemical agents Fumes
Inflammation includes
Neutrophils
Macrophages and T cells in the lungs
Cigarette smoke does what
Activates macrophage and epithelial cells to chemotatic factors that recruit neutrophils + CD8 cells from circulation.
Chronic defined as
Productive cough
3 months in a year for at least two years
Airway obstruction means
Not all air can be breathed out so
FVC low
FEV1/FVC VERY LOW
HallMark for COPD
Low FVC and even lower FEV1/FVC
What happens to total lung capacity
Increases due to trapped air
Exposure to irritants and chemicals does what
More comic produced by glands and goblet cells
Decreasing size of airway
Leads to wheeze and crackle s
Hypoxemia is
Low 02 in blood
Hypercapnea is
High C02 in blood
Trapped pc02 means
Less 02 can get into the blood
This can result in cyanosis
Low p02 results in
Vasoconstriction in large portion of lung which increases vascular resistance
Increase vascular resistance results in
Pulmonary hypertension
More work for right side
Enlarged right side and heart failure
Treatment
Reduce risk factors (smoking)
Supplemented oxygen
Medication : bronchodilators
Inhaled steroid
Antibiotics
