IS1001 Flashcards
What are the 4 proto computers?
abacus (chinese)
antikythera mechanism (greek)
jacquard loom
automata like barrel organ
who developed the binary numbers
gottfried leibinz 1664-1716
who created difference enigine
analyse engine and difference engine 2
charles babbage
who was the first computer programmer, mathematician and writer?
ada countes of lovelace
who was a professor in cork?
george boole
what did george boole develope?
boolean algebra
what did george boole believe?
that all general questions can be expresssed mathematically
what did victor shestakov propose?
the theory of electrical switches based on the boolean logic
who demostrated the electrical application of boolean algebra?
Claude Shannon
what was considered the world’s first programmable, electronic, digital computer
colossus
what was developed in 1943-1945 for cryptanalysis
colossus
what did the colossus use to preform boolean and counting operations
vacumm tubes
what was the First electronic general purpose computer
EINIAC
How many calculation could the EINIAC do per second
50,000
who was the co -inventor of the transistor
william shockely
where are silicon chips found
in modern computers
silicon chip was invented by whom?
robert noyce anf jak kilby
what is moores law?
Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles every two years
personal computers appear thanks to ?
steve jobs and steve wozniak
GUI stands for?
Graphical user interface
How do computers process information?
binary numbers
8 bit is equal to?
1 byte
1 kilobyte is equal to?
1,024 bytes
1 megabyt =
1,048,576 bytes
1 gigabyte (GB) =
1,073,741,824 bytes
1 terabyte (TB) =
1,000 gigabytes
1 petabyte (PB) =
1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes
boolean logic true and false = what?
true= 1/on
false= 0/off
galactic network was propsed by whom?
licklider
What does the Dot com bubble refer to?
the period between 1999-2000 when investors pumped money into internet based startups
what does www stand for?
world wide web
http means?
hypertext transfer protocool
what does the http do?
transfers data
IP Address is what ?
a unique number to identify a device on the internet
RIR stands for?
regional internet registries
range of IP address?
0-255
how to you trck an IP address
with DNS
DNS means?
doman name system
web- server1.training.microsoft.com.
what is the root?
.
web-server1.training.microsoft.com.
what is top level domain?
com
web-server1.training.microsoft.com.
what is the second level domain?
microsoft
web-server1.training.microsoft.com.
Fourth-level domain or host:
web-server1
historical.server4.sales.amazon.com
What is the fourth level domain
Server
historical.server4.sales.amazon.com
What is the subdomain of sales?
server4
historical.server4.sales.amazon.com
What is the host?
historical
what is spyware?
software installed without the user’s knowledge
what are cookies for?
identify users when browsing websites
what is an intelligent agent (IA)
anything which perceives its environment, takes actions autonomously in order to achieve goals, and may improve its performance
with learning or may use knowledge.
what are the two purposes of AI?
1) to use the power of computers to augment human thinking
2) use a computer’s artificial intelligence to understand how humans think and replicate it in a humanoid way
what is intelligence?
the ability to apply and acquire knowledge and skills
what are 4 components of intelligence?
- Ability to interact with the real world
- Reasoning and planning
- Learning and adaptation
- Ability to Interact with the Real World
what is the turning test?
a test for intelligence in a computer, requiring that a human being should be unable to distinguish the machine from another human being by using the replies to questions put to both.
how many scrolls in the library of Alexandria?
532,000 scrolls
what is big data?
a broad term for data sets so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate.”
what are the characteristics of big data?
volume
velocity
variety
veracity
value
concerns with big data?
- storage and analysis
- ethics
- complexity and cost
- privacy breaches and embarrassments
what contained basic components of modern computers:central processing unit, memory, input, output
difference engine 1825
