IS LEC (M5-M7) Flashcards
- Formal social structure that processes resources from environment to produce
outputs - A formal legal entity with internal rules and procedures, as well as a social structur
ORGANIZATION
A collection of rights,
privileges, obligations, and
responsibilities that is
delicately balanced over a
period of time through
conflict and conflict
resolution
ORGANIZATION
Collections of routines
BUSINESS PROCESSES
Collection of business processes
Business firm
Precise rules, procedures, and practices
developed to cope with virtually all
expected situations
Routines
T OR F
Political resistance greatly hampers
organizational change.
T
____ May be powerful unifying force as well as restraint on change
ORG CULTURE
T OR F
Organizations and environments have a inverse relationship
F
Organizations and environments have a RECIPROCAL relationship
T OR F
Organizations are open to, and
dependent on, the social and physical
environmen
T
t or f
Organizations generally change faster
than environment
F
the other way around
First movers or fast followers?
Inventors of disruptive technologies
First movers
First movers or fast followers?
Firms with the size and resources to capitalize on that technology
Fast Followers
Set of physical devices and software required to operate
an enterprise
IT Infrastructure
More accurate view of value of infrastructure
investments
“Service platform” perspective
5 MAJOR Evolution of IT Infrast?
For:
(1959 to present):
(1981 to present):
(1983 to present):
(1992 to present):
(2000 to present):
General-purpose mainframe and minicomputer
era (1959 to present):
Personal computer era (1981 to present):
Client/server era (1983 to present):
Enterprise computing era (1992 to present):
Cloud and mobile computing era (2000 to
present):
What Law?
The amount of data being stored
each year doubles
- Law of Mass Digital Storage
What law?
Computing power doubles every 2
years
– Nanotechnology
Moore’s law and microprocessing power
What law?
Value or power of a network grows
exponentially as a function of the
number of network members.
Metcalfe’s Law and network economics
uses
individual atoms and
molecules to create
computer chips and other
devices that are thousands
of times smaller than
current technologies permit.
Nanotechnology
T or f
The Amount of Storage Per
Dollar Rises Exponentially
T
t or f
there is a Exponential Decline in Internet Communications Costs
T
What Are the Components of IT
Infrastructure
- Computer hardware platforms
- Operating system platforms
- Enterprise software applications
- Data management and storage
- Networking/telecommunications platforms
- Internet platforms
- Consulting system integration services
One of the Components of IT Infrastructure that include:
Client Machine, Servers and mainframes
Computer hardware platforms
One of the Components of IT Infrastructure that include:
– Corporate servers, Client level
Operating System Platforms
In 2016, firms spend $___ billion on software for
enterprise applications.
Largest providers: ___ and ____
Middleware providers: ___ and ___
$321
Large prov:
SAP and Oracle
Midleware:
IBM and ORacle
One of the Components of IT Infrastructure that include:
* Database software providers
* Physical data storage for large-scale systems
Data Management and Storage
One of the Components of IT Infrastructure that include:
- Network operating systems
- Network hardware providers
- Telecommunication services
Networking/Telecommunications Platforms
t or f
large firms do not have resources for full range of
support for new, complex infrastructure
T
T or F
As firms shrink or grow, IT needs to be flexible and
scalable
T
Solution for
- Disruptive technologies
- Outdated technology
- Redesign bar coding
- Intelligent Mail scanning devices
- Hadoop
- Optimization models
Group of related files
Database
Group of records of same type
File
Group of related fields
Record
Group of characters as word(s) or number(s)
Field
Person, place, thing on which we store information
Entity
Each characteristic, or quality, describing entity
Attribute
Problems with the Traditional File Environment
- Files maintained separately by different departments
- Data redundancy
- Data inconsistency
- Program-data dependence
- Lack of flexibility
- Poor security
- Lack of data sharing and availability
Serves many applications by centralizing data and controlling redundant data
Database
– Interfaces between applications and physical data files
– Separates logical and physical views of data
– Solves problems of traditional file environment
- Database management system (DBMS)
______:
- Represent data as two-dimensional tables
- Each table contains data on entity and attributes
- Table: grid of columns and rows
- Rows (tuples): Records for different entities
- Fields (columns): Represents attribute for entity
- Key field: Field used to uniquely identify each record
- Primary key: Field in table used for key fields
- Foreign key: Primary key used in second table as look-up field to identify
records from original table
Relational DBMS
- Three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data under Relational DBMS
- select
- join
- project
___ * Creates subset of data of all records that meet stated criteria
SeLECT
_____
* Combines relational tables to provide user with more information than
available in individual tables
Join
_____
* Creates subset of columns in table, creating tables with only the
information specified
- PROJECT
Capabilities of Database Management Systems
Data definition capability
* Data dictionary
* Querying and reporting
* Data manipulation language
* Structured Query Language (SQL)
* Many DBMS have report generation capabilities for creating polished reports
(Microsoft Access)
