CONTEMPT M1-3 QUIZ/PRELIMS Flashcards
Di pa tapos
THE PRODUCT OF INTERACTIONS THAT INCLUDE COMMERCE,
WARFARE AND INVASION, INTERMARRIAGE, AND MIGRATION FROM PLACE OF BIRTH.
Globalization
t or f
Globalization is as old as civilization
T
_____ is THE CREATION OF NEW SOCIAL NETWORKS AND THE MULTIPLICATION OF EXISTING CONNECTIONS THAT
CUT ACROSS TRADITIONAL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, CULTURAL
AND GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES
Expansion
_____ – EXPANSION, STRETCHING AND
ACCELERATION OF THESE NETWORKS
INTENSIFICATION`
Accoording to ___
Globalization is THE EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF SOCIAL
RELATIONS AND CONSCIOUSNESS ACROSS THE WORLD
TIME AND ACROSS WORLD SPACE”
(STEGER)
3 key themes and characteristics of globalization according to steger
1 Globality
2 Globalization
3 Global Imaginary
____ A SOCIAL CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY TIGHT
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, CULTURAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL INTERCONNECTIONS AND FLOWS, MAKING CURRENTLY EXISTING BORDERS AND BOUNDARIES IRRELEVANT
Globality
note: Condition
_____ is A SET OF SOCIAL PROCESSES THAT APPEAR TO TRANSFORM OUR PRESENT SOCIAL CONDITION OF
WEAKENING NATIONALITY INTO ONE OF GLOBALITY; HUMAN LIVES PLAYED OUT IN THE WORLD AS A SINGLE
PLACE; REDEFINING LANDSCAPE OF SOCIOPOLITICAL
PROCESSES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES THAT STUDY THESE
MECHANISMS
Globalization
note: Process
_____ is:
- A CONCEPT REFERRING TO PEOPLE’S GROWING CONSCIOUSNESS OF BELONGING TO A GLOBAL
COMMUNITY - DESTABILIZES AND UNSETTLES THE CONVENTIONAL PARAMETERS OF UNDERSTANDING WITHIN WHICH
PEOPLE IMAGINE THEIR COMMUNAL EXISTENCE
Global Imaginary
note: Concept
Globalization as a ______
MULTIDIMENSIONAL SET OF SOCIAL PROCESSES THAT GENERATE
AND INCREASE “WORLDWIDE SOCIAL INTERDEPENDENCIES AND
EXCHANGES WHILE AT THE SAME TIME FOSTERING IN PEOPLE A
GROWING AWARENESS OF DEEPENING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN
THE LOCAL AND THE DISTANT
PRocess
Globalization as a ______
SCHOLTE’S TRANSPLANETARY CONNECTIVITY (ESTABLISHMENT OF
SOCIAL LINKS BETWEEN PEOPLE LOCATED AT DIFFERENT PLACES OF THE
PLANET – NOT GEOGRAPHIC UNIT BUT AS A SPACE) AND SUPRATERRITORIALITY (SOCIAL CONNECTIONS THAT TRANSCEND TERRITORIAL GEOGRAPHY – RENDERS BORDERS AND BARRIERS
IRRELEVANT)
Condition
Globalization as a ______
EXIST IN THE PEOPLE’S CONSCIOUSNESS – IDEAS AND BELIEFS ABOUT
THE GLOBAL ORDER
IDeology
What are the 6 core claims of GLOBALIZATION AS AN IDEOLOGY
- ABOUT THE LIBERALIZATION AND GLOBAL INTEGRATION OF MARKETS.
- INEVITABLE & IRREVERSIBLE.
- NOBODY IS IN CHARGE OF GLOBALIZATION.
- BENEFITS EVERYONE IN THE LONG RUN
- FURTHERS THE SPREAD OF DEMOCRACY IN THE WORLD.
- REQUIRES A GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR.
6 THEORETICAL PARADIGMS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBALIZATION
- WORLD SYSTEMS THEORY
- GLOBAL CAPITALISM PARADIGM
- THE NETWORK SOCIETY
- SPACE, TIME AND GLOBALIZATION
- TRANSNATIONALITY AND TRANSNATIONALISM
- GLOBAL CULTURE PARADIGM
One of the 6 THEORETICAL PARADIGMS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBALIZATION
_________ Paradigm, Created by _____, VIEW GLOBALIZATION NOT AS A RECENT PHENOMENON BUT AS VIRTUALLY SYNONYMOUS WITH THE “BIRTH AND SPREAD OF CAPITALISM”
GLOBALIZATION IS NOT AT ALL NEW PROCESS BUT SOMETHING THAT IS
JUST CONTINUING AND EVOLVING.
World Systems Paradigm
IMMANUEL WALLERSTEIN
CAPITALIST WORLD SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO THREE CATEGORIES:
which are?
Core
Periphery
Semi Periphery
One of the 3 categories of CAPITALIST WORLD SYSTEM
_______ = POWERFUL AND DEVELOPED CENTERS
Which areas? (Give 3)
Note:
High Income, Control Global Markets
Core
West Europe, Noth America, Japan
One of the 3 categories of CAPITALIST WORLD SYSTEM
______ = THOSE REGIONS THAT HAVE BEEN FORCIBLY SUBORDINATED TO THE CORE THROUGH COLONIZATION
Which Areas? (Give 5)
Note:
Low income, less skilled, need investment from other countries
Periphery
(LATIN AMERICA, AFRICA, ASIA,
MIDDLE EAST AND EASTERN EUROPE)
One of the 3 categories of CAPITALIST WORLD SYSTEM
STATES AND REGIONS THAT WERE IN THE CORE AND ARE MOVING DOWN OR THOSE IN THE PERIPHERY AND ARE MOVING UP
Middle Income, Mostly Capitalist
Semi Periphery
One of the 6 THEORETICAL PARADIGMS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBALIZATION
________ Paradigm, created by _____ States that:
- GLOBALIZATION IS A NOVEL STAGE IN THE EVOLVING SYSTEM OF WORLD CAPITALISM.
- QUALITATIVELY NEW FEATURES THAT DISTINGUISH IT FROM EARLIER EPOCHS
- NEW GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND FINANCIAL SYSTEM
- RISE OF PROCESSES THAT CANNOT BE FRAMED WITHIN THE NATION-STATE/INTERSTATE SYSTEM
Global Capitalism
Robinson
_________ - NEW CLASS THAT BRINGS TOGETHER SEVERAL SOCIAL GROUPS – EXECUTIVES OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS; GLOBALIZING
BUREAUCRATS, POLITICIANS, PROFESSIONALS AND CONSUMERIST ELITES IN THE MEDIA AND THE
COMMERCIAL SECTOR.
TCC Transnational Capitalist Class
THEORY OF GLOBAL CAPITALISM INVOLVING THREE PLANKS:
Which are
TRANSNATIONAL PRODUCTION,
TRANSNATIONAL CAPITALISTS
TRANSNATIONAL STATE: CLASS
RELATIONS
One of the 6 THEORETICAL PARADIGMS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBALIZATION
_____, created by _____, ARGUES THAT GLOBALIZATION IS A NETWORK OF PRODUCTION, CULTURE, AND POWER
THAT IS CONSTANTLY SHAPED BY ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY, WHICH RANGE FROM COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES TO GENETIC ENGINEERING. CASTELLS SUGGESTS THAT THE RULES OF GLOBAL CAPITALISM HAVE CHANGED TO EMBRACE THESE NEW INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGIES
Network Society
Manuel Castells
NOTE:
THE RISE OF THE NETWORK SOCIETY TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGICAL
CHANGE INSTEAD OF CAPITALISM
NEW ECONOMY:
1. INFORMATIONAL, KNOWLEDGE BASED
2. GLOBAL PRODUCTION IS ORGANIZED ON A GLOBAL SCALE
3. NETWORKED, PRODUCTIVITY IS GENERATED THROUGH GLOBAL NETWORK
Under Space, Time, and Globalization
________ by _______
THE INTENSIFICATION OF WORLDWIDE RELATIONS WHICH LINK DISTANT LOCALITIES IN SUCH A WAY THAT LOCAL HAPPENINGS ARE SHAPED BY EVENTS OCCURRING MANY MILES AWAY AND VICE VERSA
TIME-SPACE DISTANCIATION
BY Giddens
Under Space, Time, and Globalization
________ by _______
PRODUCED BY THE VERY DYNAMICS OF
CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT
Compression of Geopraphic Space by means of Faster Transport and Communication
TIME-SPACE COMPRESSION
DAVID HARVEY –
Under Space, Time, and Globalization
________ by _______
PROPOSES A NEW SPATIAL ORDER IS EMERGING SUCH AS
LONDON, NEW YORK AND TOKYO – SITES OF SPECIALIZED SERVICES FOR
TRANSNATIONALLY MOBILE CAPITAL THAT IS SO CENTRAL TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
SASSEN’S “THE GLOBAL CITY”
Under Space, Time, and Globalization
________ by _______
IDEAS ABOUT HOME, LOCALITY AND
COMMUNITY HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY SPREAD AROUND THE WORLD
- ROBERT ROBERTSON “GLOCALIZATION”
_____ - AN UMBRELLA CONCEPT ENCOMPASSING A
WIDE VARIETY OF TRANSFORMATIVE PROCESSES, PRACTICES AND
DEVELOPMENTS THAT TAKE PLACE SIMULTANEOUSLY AT A LOCAL AND
GLOBAL LEVEL
Transnationalism
_____ - BROADLY AS THE MULTIPLE TIES AND INTERACTIONS – ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL – THAT LINK PEOPLE, COMMUNITIES AND INSTITUTIONS ACROSS THE BORDERS OF NATION-STATES.
TRANSNATIONAL PROCESSES AND PRACTICES
______ - MORE INTENSE DUE TO SPEED AND RELATIVELY
INEXPENSIVE CHARACTER OF TRAVEL AND COMMUNICATIONS AND
THEIR IMPACTS
- TRANSNATIONAL LINKS –
6 THEORETICAL PARADIGMS ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBALIZATION
EMPHASIZE THE RAPID GROWTH OF MASS MEDIA AND RESULTANT
GLOBAL CULTURAL FLOWS AND IMAGES IN RECENT DECADES
FOCUS: GLOBALIZATION AND RELIGION, NATIONS AND ETHNICITY, GLOBAL
CONSUMERISM, GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS AND THE GLOBALIZATION OF
TOURISM
Global Culture
3 MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT GLOBALIZATION
AS INTERNATIONALIZATION
AS LIBERALIZATION
AS UNIVERSALIZATION AND
WESTERNIZATION
one of the 3 MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT GLOBALIZATION
IS THE REMOVAL OF BARRIERS AND RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED BY NATIONAL
GOVERNMENTS SO AS TO CREATE AN OPEN AND BORDERLESS WORLD ECONOMY.
- GLOBALIZATION IS REALIZED WHEN NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS “REDUCE OR ABOLISH REGULATORY MEASURES LIKE TRADE BARRIERS, FOREIGN – EXCHANGE RESTRICTIONS, CAPITAL CONTROLS AND VISA REQUIREMENTS”
As a Liberalization
PROBLEM WITH THIS MISCONCEPTION:
* CONFINES THE STUDY WITHIN THE DEBATE CONCERNING THE NEOLIBERAL
MACROECONOMIC POLICIES: PRO AND ANTI
- POLITICAL IMPLICATION – NEO-LIBERALISM IS THE ONLY AVAILABLE POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR A TRULY GLOBAL WORLD.
- DEBATE ABOUT THE PROS AND CONS OF LAISSEZ FAIRE HAS BEEN HAPPENING FOR CENTURIES
one of the 3 MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT GLOBALIZATION
one of the 3 MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT GLOBALIZATION
REFERS TO THE INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, TREATIES, ALLIANCES, ETC. INTER-NATIONAL, OF COURSE, MEANS
BETWEEN OR AMONG NATIONS.
INCLUDES ACTIVITIES BY ENTITIES SUCH
AS CORPORATIONS, STATES,
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, AND
EVEN INDIVIDUALS WITH REFERENCE TO
NATIONAL BORDERS AND NATIONAL
GOVERNMENTS
AS a INternationalization
T or F
Globalization DO NOT REQUIRE
REFERENCE TO A STATE’S NATIONAL
BORDER.
True
Since, in contrast,` Internationalization need REFERENCE TO NATIONAL BORDERS AND NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
one of the 3 MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT GLOBALIZATION
DENOTES A PROCESS OF SPREADING VARIOUS OBJECTS, PRACTICES
AND EXPERIENCES TO THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE PLANET
- GLOBALIZATION IS WHEN THINGS, VALUES AND PRACTICES SPREAD TO THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE PLANET.
- IMPLICATION: HOMOGENIZATION OF CULTURE, POLITICS, ECONOMY AND LAWS. DESTROYS INDIGENOUS PRACTICES AND CULTURES.
Universalization
IT IS NOT A NEW FEATURE OF WORLD HISTORY.
WHEN WESTERN MODERNITY SPREADS AND DESTROYS, it is knwon as ____
Westernization
it IS NOT THE ONLY PATH THAT CAN BE TAKEN BY GLOBALIZATION
ONe of the Dimensions of Integration SCAPES
_____ – GLOBAL MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
Ethnoscapes
ONe of the Dimensions of Integration SCAPES
___ - FLOW OF CULTURE
Mediascapes
ONe of the Dimensions of Integration SCAPES
___ - CIRCULATION OF MECHANICAL GOODS AND SOFTWARE
Technoscapes
ONe of the Dimensions of Integration SCAPES
ONe of the Dimensions of Integration SCAPES
____ - REALM WHERE POLITICAL IDEAS MOVE AROUND
Ideoscapes
___- is a historical process, the result
of human innovation and technological progress
It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly through the movement of
goods, services, and capital across borders.
Economic Process
T or F
The trade in Global Economy involved was over land and small in scale slowly expanded territorially to involve larger and larger numbers of people
T
” ____ trade “ is whereAmerica was directly connected to Asian trading routes during 1571
Galleon trade
______ - global trade with multiple restrictions
Mercantilism
During the ______ century, , international
trade assumed a different scale with the expansion of Western European power, influence, and dominion into Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
Goals included conquest and empire, economic profit, opening up new trade routes, providing slaves for the labor-intensive plantations that were opening up in the sparsely populated New World,
and converting “heathen” peoples to Christianity.
17th Century
The European Expansionism
An important mechanism of incorporation (European Expansionism) was _____, which was a successful enterprise because of Europe’s superior weapons technology, sea power, and commercial prowess and was attractive because it held out the promise of new
lands, raw materials, cheap labor, and export markets for surplus goods produced in the factories of the colonial masters.
colonialism
_____ advocated that a nation should
export more than it imported and accumulate bullion
(especially gold) to make up the difference
Age of Mercantilism
3 Eras of System of Exchange are:
1870 - 1914 Gold Standard Era
1945 - 1971 Bretton Woods Era
1971 - Present Post Betton Woods
_____ - a system of fixed exchange
rates in which the value of currencies was fixed relative to the value of gold, and gold was used as the primary reserve asset.
Each country agreed to pay a specified amount of gold on demand to anyone who wanted to exchange its currency for gold
Gold standard
The world economy operates based on ______ – not backed up by precious metals and whose value is determined by their cost relative to other currencies.
➢ This system allows governments to freely and actively manage their economies by increasing or decreasing the amount of money in circulation as
they see fit.
FIAT CURRENCIES
The Bretton Woods system was largely influenced by the ideas of British economist _____ who believed that economic crises occur not when a country does not have enough money, but when money is not being spent and, thereby, not moving.
When economies slow down, governments have to reinvigorate markets with infusions of capital. This ACTIVE ROLE of GOVERNMENTS in managing spending served as the anchor for what would be called a system of ______
John Maynard Keynes
Global Keynesianism
➢ Delegates at Bretton woods agreed to create two financial institutions.
________
￫ responsible for FUNDING postwar reconstruction PROJECTS.
￫ critical institution at a time when many of the world’s cities had been destroyed by the war.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, or World Bank)
Shortly after Bretton Woods, various countries also committed themselves to further global economic integration through the
_______ - main purpose was to reduce
tariffs and other hindrances to free trade. mainly dealt with trade in goods
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947
➢ Delegates at Bretton woods agreed to create two financial institutions.
________
￫ which was to be the global lender of last resort to prevent individual countries from spiraling into credit crises.
￫ If economic growth in a country slowed down because there was not enough money to stimulate the economy, they would step in.
International Monetary Fund (IMF),
Shortly after Bretton Woods, various countries also committed themselves to further global economic integration through the
_______ - marked the biggest reform of international trade since the end of the Second World War. They cover trade in services and intellectual
property. The birth of the WTO also created new procedures for the settlement of
disputes.
World Trade Organization
t or f
Keynesian economists believed that all this was a necessary trade-off for economic development.
Which are
== increase demand for these products.
== the rise in prices is necessary because it was accompanied by general economic growth and reduced unemployment.
t
What caused US to stop linking the dollar to gold, effectively ending the Bretton Woods system.
stock markets crashed due to oil crisis
_____ - a decline in economic
growth and employment
(stagnation) took place alongside a
sharp increase in prices (inflation).
Stagflation
____ is
Economic philosophy advocating the free-market and removal of restrictions on business and trade (domestic and international), in order to generate maximum profit (hence “liberal”-not necessarily mutually exclusive with social liberalism, but nonetheless these beliefs clash frequently) [Shah, 2010]
Supports the deregulation of “public services” (eg. healthcare, education)-maintained by private businesses, not government or other non-profit organisations; minimum state interference [Shah, 2010]
Draws major criticism from social activists due to its perceived negative effects on social welfare and the working class
Neoliberalism
Economists such as ____
and _____ argued that the
governments’ practice of pouring
money into their economies had
caused inflation by increasing
demand for goods without
necessarily increasing supply.
Friedrich Hayek
Milton Friedman
_____ is a set of 10 economic policy
prescriptions considered to constitute the “standard” reform package promoted for crisis-wracked developing countries by Washington D.C.-based institutions such as the International
Monetary Bank (IMF), the World Bank and the United States Department of the Treasury.
Washington Consensus
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
keeping government budgets small enough that, after
debt servicing, the operating deficit is no more than 2 percent of GDP;
Fiscal Discipline
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
redirecting expenditure from politically
sensitive areas and ‘white elephants’ towards neglected fields which are
economically productive, strengthen the country’s infrastructure, or have the
potential to improve income redistribution, such as primary health and
education;
public expenditure priorities
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
____ reducing marginal tax rates to sharpen incentives for
companies and individuals to earn more, and broadening the tax base to
improve horizontal equity
tax reform
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
_____ abolition of regulations which impede entry of new firms or restrict competition, while ensuring that all other regulations can be justified
by criteria such as safety, environmental protection, or prudential supervision
of financial institutions;
deregulation
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
_____ removal of investment barriers
impeding entry of foreign firms, with all receiving ‘national treatment’ (the same treatment as domestic firms);
foreign direct investment
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
___ progressively move towards marketdetermined interest rates within a less constrained financial marketplace
financial liberalization:
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
: a single exchange rate that is set at a level that
encourages expansion of non-traditional exports and managed in a
way that assures exporters of continued competitiveness;
exchange rates:
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
___ rapid conversion of quantitative trade
restrictions, such as import quotas, into tariffs and the
progressive reduction of tariffs to between 10 and 20 percent;
trade liberalization
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
____ of state enterprises and assets;
privatization
one of the 10 Washington Consensus
__ of ensuring security of property rights under law without excessive costs.
property rights
