IRRIGATION Flashcards
What is soil moisture?
Water added to a soil mass during irrigation is
held in the pores of the soil and is termed was
soil moisture.
Define crop yield and productivity.
The crop yield from irrigation is expressed as
qulntal/ha or tonnes/ha. The productivity of the
crop is expressed as crop yield per mm depth
of water applied
Explain different types of soil water.
Soil water may be classified in the following three
categories. (i) Gravitational water (ii) Capillary
water (iii) Hygroscopic water
What do you mean by capillary water?
It is that the water which is retained in the soil
after the gravitational water has drained off from
the soil. Capillary water is held in the soil by
surface tension as a continuous film around the
soil particles and in the capillary pores between
the soils particles.
What do you mean by gravitational water?
It is that water which is not held by soil but
drains out freely under the influence of gravity.
What Is meant by soli moisture tension?
Soil moisture tension Is defined as the force per
unit area that must be exerted in order to extract water from the soil. In other words, it is a
measure of the tenacity with which water is
retained in the soil.
What do hygroscopic water?
It is that water which Is absorbed by the
particles of dry soil from the atmosphere and It
held as a very thin film on the surface of the soil
particles due to adhesion or attraction between
surface of particles and water molecules.
Note: Below the permanent wilting point, the
soil contains only hygroscopic water.
What do you mean by soil moisture stress?
Soil moisture stress is defined as the sum of
the soil moisture tension and osmotic pressure
of soil solution.
What is kor watering, kor depth and kor
period?
The first watering after the plants have grown a
few centimeters high is known as kor watering.
What is paleo irrigation?
It is defined as the watering done prior to the
sowing of a crop. This is done to prepare the
land for sowing and to add sufficient moisture
to the soil which would be required for the initial
growth of the crop.
What is lift irrigation and drip irrigation?
Lift Irrigation: Lift Irrigation is a method of
irrigation In which water is not transported by
natural flow (as in gravity-fed canal systems)
but is lifted with pumps or other means.
Drip Irrigation: Drip irrigation is an irrigation
method that saves water and fertilizer by
allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of
plants, either onto the soil surface or directly
onto the root zone. through a network
of valves, pipes and emitters. It is done through
narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the
base of the plant.
What is irrigation?
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to
the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing
of agricultural crops, maintenance of
landscapes. and revegetation of disturbed soils
in dry areas and during periods of inadequate
rainfall.
READ page 164
Read page 164
What is crop
A crop is a plant or animal product that can be
grown and harvested extensively for profrt or
subsistence.
Which soil is best for crop production
loamy soil
What is rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is a technique of collection
and storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs
or tanks or the infiltration of surface water into
subsurf~ce aquifers (before it is lost as surface
runoff)
What is alkalinity of soil? How do you reduce
it?
Alkalinity of soil refers to the presence of alkali
salts (like NaCI, Na2C03, Na2S04, etc.) in the
soil. These salts are soluble in water. If the water
table rises up, the soluble alkali salts move up
with water and get deposited in the soil.
Alkalinity of soil can be reduced by leaching
1.27 What do you mean by Intensity of Irrigation?
(ESE 2017
Intensity of irrigation is defined as the
percentage of the Irrigation proposed to be
irrigated annually. Usually the areas Irrigated
during each crop season (Rabi, Kharif, etc) ~re
expr~ssed as a percentage of the CCA WhiCh
rep~el)ents_ t~e int~nsity of jrrlgation t9r the crop
. :season . .
What is check flooding?
The crop area is divided into some plots which
are relatively leveled by checks or bunds. Water
from field channels is allowed to enter to each
plot or check basin and the plot are flooded to
the required depth.
What is a furrow?
A long, narrow trench made in the ground by a
plough, especially for planting seeds or
irrigation
What is the work of NWDA?
National Waterway Development Agency
(NWDA) is an autonomous body set up in July
1982 to carry out water balance and other
studies based on scientific approach and
optimum utilization of water resources of the
Indian river system and thus to help in
development of Indian river system.
What is gross irrigation requirement (GIR)?
It is defined as the amount of water required to
meet the field irrigation requirements plus the
amount of irrigation water lost in conveyance
through the canal system by evaporation and
by seepage.
What is delta and duty? How duty varies
along length of canal?
Duty represents the area irrigated by the unit
amount of water (generally taken as 1 cumec).
It relates the area of a crop irrigated and the
quantity of irrigation water required during crop
growth. Duty increases as water moves from
canal outlet top field.
Delta is the total depth of water required for a
crop during the entire period the crop is in the
field and is denoted by 6.
command area ?
the total area that Is to be served by an irr project
. It includes cultivable and non