irrigation Flashcards
Define Irrigation.
To supply the water to the crops is known as irrigation.
What is the name of the oldest canal of Pakistan and when was it constructed?
In 1859, the Upper Bari Doab canal of river Ravi is being used for irrigation in Pakistan which is the oldest one.
What is the biggest source of irrigation in Pakistan?
The biggest source of water in Pakistan are canals.
Which dam of Pakistan provides water to Islamabad and Rawalpindi and when was it constructed?
Rawal Dam, which is constructed on River Korang, provides water to Rawalpindi and Islamabad for drinking and irrigation. it was constructed in 1962
Write down the names of the head works of river Sutlej.
Important head works of river Sutlej are Ganda Singh head works, Sulmanki head works, Islam head works, and Punjnad head works.
Write down the names of the head works of river Ravi.
Important head works of river Ravi are Madhu pur head works, Baloki head works, and Sidhnai head works.
Write down the names of the head works of river Jhelum.
Important head works of river Jhelum are Mangla dam and Rasol head works.
Write down the names of the head works of river Chenab.
Important head works of river Chenab are head Merala, head Khanki, and Hawali Bahadar Shah head works.
What are the important head works of river Indus?
Chashma Barrage, Tounsa Barrage, Guddu Barrage, Sukkur Barrage, and Kotri Barrage.
When was WAPDA established?
WAPDA (Water and Power Development Authority) was established in 1959.
What are means of irrigation?
Means of irrigation are sources or means used to irrigate crops or fields, such as canals, tube wells, wells, Kole, and Karez.
What is the importance of means of irrigation?
It raises national income, increases cultivable land area, fulfills rainfall deficiency, increases soil fertility, provides more raw materials for industry, and increases average yield per hectare.
What are the important means of irrigation in Pakistan?
- Canals
- Tube wells
- Ponds
- Lakes
- Karez
- Kole
- Sprinkler or spray irrigation
- Dams
- Wells/Reht (Chars) Persian wheel.
What do you know about tube wells?
Tube wells are the second important means of irrigation in Pakistan. in the areas where underground water is at depth, electrical and diesel tube wells are installed for crop irrigation.They were first installed in 1955 and are also used for the removal of water logging and salinity since 1960 on large scale.
What do you know about Karez?
Karez are underground channels which are used to carry water for irrigation from one place to another. the source of irrigation is practiced mostly in Baluchistan, where underground water is low and uses karez to save water from evaporation and seepage.
What are four national roads or highways of Pakistan?
- Karachi Peshawar Highway N-5
- Super Indus Highway N-55
- Karakoram Highway N-35
- Karachi Makran Coastal Highway N-10.
What do you know about canals?
Canals are open channels used to carry water from rivers to fields and are the biggest source of irrigation in Pakistan,about 78% of irrigation is done through cannals which are dug from rivers. it is about 150 years old. about 43 small and large canals are used for irrigation.
What is the Indus water treaty?
In 1960, through the mediation of the World Bank, the Indus water treaty between Pakistan and India was signed. According to this treaty, three western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab) were handed over to Pakistan, and three eastern rivers (Ravi, Bias, and Sutlej) were given to India.
What are the main terms of the Indus water treaty?
Under this treaty, Pakistan has exclusive rights to the three western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab),
while India has rights to the three eastern rivers (Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas).
The treaty includes the construction of 2 dams, 4 barrages, one siphon, and 7 link canals,
estimated construction cost of indus water treaty was one billion US dollars.
Which dams were constructed in Pakistan according to the Indus water treaty?
According to the Indus water treaty, the following two dams were constructed:
- Tarbela Dam: Located on the Indus River at Bara district Attock, completed in 1974, producing 3478 Mega Watts of electricity. It is the biggest dam in Pakistan.
- Mangla Dam: Located on the Jhelum River, completed in 1967, producing 1000 Mega Watts of electricity. It is the 3rd largest dam in Pakistan.
Which barrages were constructed in Pakistan according to the Indus water treaty?
The following barrages were constructed:
- Chashma barrage
- Rasul barrage
- Qadirabad barrage
- Marala barrage
- Mailsi siphon.
What are perennial canals?
Perennial (Permanent) canals are those in which water flows throughout the year. These canals supply water to districts such as Jhang, Toba Teak Singh, and Faisalabad.
What are non-perennial canals?
Non-Perennial (Non-Permanent) canals are those in which water does not flow throughout the year. These canals supply water to mostly districts of Punjab and Sindh.
What are the important canals of River Ravi?
Important canals of River Ravi include:
- Baloki Sulmanki link canal 1
- Upper Bari Doab Canal
- Baloki Sulmanki link canal 2
- Lower Bari Doab canal.
These canals provide water to areas like Lahore, Dipalpur, Qasoor, Shaiwal, Pakpattan, Vehari, and Khanewal.
What are the important canals of River Chenab?
Important canals of River Chenab include:
- Upper Chenab canal
- Lower Chenab canal
- Ring pur canal.
These canals irrigate areas of Rachna doab, including Sialkot, Narowal, Gujranwala, Shaikhpura, Faisalabad, Muzaffargarh, Jhang, Toba Teak Singh, and Multan.
What are the important canals of River Jhelum?
Important canals of River Jhelum include:
- Upper Jhelum canal
- Lower Jhelum canal.
These canals are important for the Chaj Doab, irrigating areas like Mandi Bahawaldin, Jhelum, Gujarat, Sargodha, and Khoshab.
What are the important canals of River Sutlej?
Important canals of River Sutlej include:
- Canal Depalpur
- Canal Melsi
- Canal Qaimpur
- Canal East Sadiqia
- Canal Bahawal
- Canal Pakpattan
- Canal Abbasi
- Canal Punjanad
- Canal Foradeh.
These canals irrigate areas of Nili Bar, Depalpur, Pakpattan, Qaimpur, Melsi, Rahim Yar Khan, Multan, Burewala, Vehari, Bahawalnagar, and Bahawalpur.
What are the important barrages and canals of River Indus?
Important barrages and canals of River Indus include:
- Jinnah Barrage
- Guddu Barrage
- Chashma Barrage
- Sukkar Barrage
- Taunsa Barrage
- Kottri Barrage.
What do you know about the Warsak project?
In 1961, a project was started in the north, 20km west of Peshawar at Warsak. It is important for the local water requirements of the vale of Peshawar. Two canals are dug from here, and this project also produces electricity.
What are the important link canals of Pakistan?
Seven link canals have been constructed:
- Rasul-Qadirabad Link canal
- Qadirabad-Balloki Link canal
- Balloki-Sulaimanki Link Canal
- Chashma-Helum Link canal
- Timmu-Sidhnai Link canal
- Sidhni Mailsi-Bahawal Link Canal
- Taunsa Panjand Link Canal.
The total length of these canals is 590km.
How many air companies operated in Pakistan in 1949? Name them.
There were three air companies in Pakistan in 1949:
- Pakistan Airways
- Orient Airways
- Crescent Airways.
