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Endo > irrigation > Flashcards

irrigation Flashcards

1
Q

Who found that 5.25% NaOCl has a digestive effect on VITAL pulp tissue, and was most effective in middle and occlusal thirds?

A

Rosenfeld 1978

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2
Q

Rosenfeld 1978

Irrigation

A

found that 5.25% NaOCl has a digestive effect on VITAL pulp tissue, and was most effective in middle and occlusal thirds

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3
Q

Hand, Smith, Harrison 1978

Irrigation

A

5.25% NaOCl works better than diluted solutions or saline, water or hydrogen peroxide in the dissolution of NECROTIC tissue.

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4
Q

Who said 5.25% NaOCl works better than diluted solutions or saline, water or hydrogen peroxide in the dissolution of NECROTIC tissue.

A

Hand, Smith and Harrison 1978

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5
Q

Who to use to support NaOCl in vital tissue? In necrotic tissue?

A

Vital tissue: Rosenfeld 1978

Necrotic tissue: Hand, Smith, and Harrison 1978

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6
Q

Harrison and Hand 1981

A

5.25% NaOCl is an effective antibacterial agent. Its efficacy decreases with dilution. Its efficacy also decreases with addition of organic material

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7
Q

Who said: 5.25% NaOCl is an effective antibacterial agent. Its efficacy decreases with dilution. Its efficacy also decreases with addition of organic material

A

Harrison and Hand 1981

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8
Q

Hasselgren 1988

What helps NaOCl dissolve tissue?

A

long-term treatment with Ca(OH)2 can dissolve NECROTIC tissue and pretreatment with Ca(OH)2 can enhance the tissue dissolving effect of NaOCl.

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9
Q

Who said: long-term treatment with Ca(OH)2 can dissolve NECROTIC tissue and pretreatment with Ca(OH)2 can enhance the tissue dissolving effect of NaOCl.

A

Hasselgren 1988

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10
Q

Nerwich 1993

Calcium hydroxide

A

Calcium hydroxide in extracted teeth created a pH of around 9 in the canal within hours, and outside the tooth within 2 weeks.

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11
Q

Who said: Calcium hydroxide in extracted teeth created a pH of around 9 in the canal within hours, and outside the tooth within 2 weeks.

A

Nerwich 1993

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12
Q

Bystrom & Sundqvist 1985

calcium hydroxide dressing

A

Calcium hydroxide has a good antibacterial effect. When left in infected root canals for one month, bacteria was only recovered from 3% of them.

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13
Q

Bystrom & Sundqvist 1985

no calcium hydroxide dressing

A

If a two step treatment is done, and no dressing is placed, bacteria regrows to pre-treatment levels

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14
Q

Who said: If a two step treatment is done, and no dressing is placed, bacteria regrows to pre-treatment levels

A

Bystrom & Sundqvist 1985

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15
Q

Trope and Orstavik 1999

calcium hydroxide

A

The additional disinfecting action of calcium hydroxide before obturation resulted in a 10% increase in healing rates.

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16
Q

The additional disinfecting action of calcium hydroxide before obturation resulted in a 10% increase in healing rates.

A

Trope and Orstavik 1999

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17
Q

Sjogren 1991

calcium hydroxide

A

The antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracanal dressing showed that the 7-day dressing efficiently eliminated bacteria which survived biomechanical instrumentation of the canal, while the 10-minute application was ineffective.

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18
Q

who said a 10 minute application of calcium hydroxide is ineffective in eliminating bacteria that survives instrumentation, but a seven day dressing does effectively eliminate the bacteria.

A

Sjogren 1991

calcium hydroxide

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19
Q

Three studies that support calcium hydroxide’s antibacterial effect

A

Trope and Orstavik 1999
Sjogren 1991
Bystrom and Sundqvist 1985

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20
Q

Who showed that treatment with calcium hydroxide may alter biological properties of bacterial LPS

A

Safavi 1994 (classic)

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21
Q

Safavi 1994

calcium hydroxide

A

treatment with calcium hydroxide may alter biological properties of bacterial LPS (which plays a major role in the development of a periapical bone lesion)

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22
Q

who said: calcium hydroxide detoxifies lipoteichoic acid (LTA), resulting in attenuation of the inflammatory responses to E. faecalis and its LTA.

A

Baik 2008

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23
Q

Baik 2008

Calcium hydroxide

A

Treatment with calcium hydroxide alters the biologic properties of LTA (found in E. faecalis), which could mean less of an inflammatory response and bone loss.

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24
Q

Who said Calcium hydroxide messes with:
LPS
LTA

A

LPS: Safavi 1994
LTA: Baik 2008

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25
Q

Who showed that peak pH levels occur after two weeks, so time required for optimum intracanal activity when using calcium hydroxide mixtures is at least 2 wk, after which it declines?

A

Hosoya 2001

26
Q

Hosoya 2001

A

Who showed that peak pH levels occur after two weeks, so time required for optimum intracanal activity when using calcium hydroxide mixtures is at least 2 wk

27
Q

Sjogren and Sundqvist 1997

number of visits?

A

Study followed PARL cases for five years. After instrumentation, bacterial samples were collected. Negative culture=94% healing. Positive culture=68% healing. So…should do necrotic cases in two appointments so interappt. dressing can decrease bacterial count.

28
Q

Who advocated two visits rather than one because root canals with positive culture after instrumentation have a much lower success rate?

A

Sjogren and Sundqvist 1997

29
Q

Who advocated two visits rather than one because root canals done in two visits with a calcium hydroxide dressing in between resulted in less bacteria in the main canal and in apical ramifications, isthmuses and dentinal tubules?

A

Vera and Siqueira 2012

30
Q

Vera and Siqueira 2012

A

two visits rather than one because root canals done in two visits with a calcium hydroxide dressing in between resulted in less bacteria in the main canal and in apical ramifications, isthmuses and dentinal tubules

31
Q

Two studies to support two visits rather than one?

A

Sjogren and Sundqvist 1997

Vera and Siqueira 2012

32
Q

Clegg 2006

A

Showed that NaOCl 6% is the only thing that removes biofilm and renders bacteria non-viable. (compared to lesser concentrations of NaOCl, MTAD, and chlorhexidine.)

33
Q

Who Showed that NaOCl 6% is the only thing that removes biofilm and renders bacteria non-viable. (compared to lesser concentrations of NaOCl, MTAD, and chlorhexidine.)

A

Clegg 2006

34
Q

Dunavant 2006

A

Showed that 6% NaOCl is better than anything else at killing E. faecalis in biofilms

35
Q

Who Showed that 6% NaOCl is better than anything else at killing E. faecalis in biofilms?

A

Dunavant 2006

36
Q

Who was the first to use NaOCl in endo?

A

Edgar Coolidge

37
Q

Who showed that one minute of ultrasonic irrigation with 6% NaOCl significantly reduced cultivatable bacteria in the canal?

A

Carver 2007

38
Q

Carver 2007-ultrasonic irrigation?

A

One minute of ultrasonic irrigation with 6% NaOCl significantly reduced cultivatable bacteria in the root canal system.

39
Q

Burleson 2007-ultrasonic irrigation?

A

Canals and isthmuses were significantly cleaner after one minute of ultrasonic irrigation with 6% NaOCl per canal.

40
Q

Who showed that canals and isthmuses were significantly cleaner after one minute of ultrasonic irrigation with 6% NaOCl per canal?

A

Burleson 2007

41
Q

Who showed that one minute of EDTA removes significantly more smear layer than 15 or 30 seconds?

A

Saito and Webb 2008

42
Q

What did Saito and Webb 2008 show about EDTA?

A

That one minute of EDTA removes significantly more smear layer than 15 or 30 seconds.

43
Q

What did Basrani 2007 show about chlorhexidine?

A

That mixed with even a small concentration of NaOCl (0.19%) it creates para-chloroaniline precipitate

44
Q

Who showed that mixed with even a small amount of NaOCl, chlorhexidine creates a para-chloroaniline precipitate?

A

Basrani 2007

45
Q

Boessler and Peters 2007

A

During rotary instrumentation, gel lubricants like RC prep clog files (aqueous solution is better than gel).

46
Q

Who showed that during rotary instrumentation, gel lubricants like RC prep clog files (aqueous solution is better than gel)

A

Boessler and Peters 2007

47
Q

Who first recommended NaOCl for irrigation?

A

Coolidge 1919

48
Q

What is EDTA?

A

A calcium chelating agent that removes inorganic material

49
Q

Wesselink 2004

A

chloroform does dissolve gutta percha

50
Q

Vera 2012

A

Maintaining apical patency with a #10 K file 1 mm beyond working length improves irrigant penetration to apical 2 mm of the apex.

51
Q

Calt 2002

A

One minute of EDTA irrigation effectively removes the smear layer. 10 minutes causes excessive inter tubular and peritubular dentinal erosion.

52
Q

Who said that One minute of EDTA irrigation effectively removes the smear layer. 10 minutes causes excessive inter tubular and peritubular dentinal erosion.

53
Q

Who said there is no significant difference in positive cultures obtained from teeth after 2% chlorhexidine irrigation versus 5.25% NaOCl?

A

Jeansonne 1994

54
Q

Jeansonne 1994-irrigation?

A

No significant difference in bacterial reduction when using 2% chlorhexidine versus 5.25% NaOCl for irrigation

55
Q

Who said NaOCl after EDTA causes dentin demineralization–unsure if this affects sealing ability

56
Q

Niu 2002

A

NaOCl after EDTA causes dentin demineralization–unsure if this affects sealing ability

57
Q

Who said do use NaOCl after EDTA

A

Yamada 1983?

58
Q

Who showed the both NaOCl and CHX are effective against C.albicans?

A

Waltimo 1999

59
Q

Who showed in vitro in 2001 that CHX kills E.faecalis in 30 seconds or less, but NaOCl only kills E.faecalis that quickly if it is 5.25%

A

Gomes 2001

60
Q

What portion of dentin does EDTA remove?

A

The inorganic portion (chelates to it).

61
Q

What does MTAD stand for?

A

a Mixture of Tetracycline, Acid and Detergent

62
Q

What is in MTAD?

A

Doxycline, Citric Acid and Tween 80

Endo (20 decks)

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