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AO STUDY MATERIAL > IRPG > Flashcards

IRPG Flashcards

1
Q

All firefighter have 5 communication responsibilities. What are they?

A

1) Brief others as needed
2) Debrief your actions
3) Communicate hazards to others
4) Acknowledge messages
5) Ask if you don’t know

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2
Q

What are the components of a Leader’s Intent?

A
  • Task: What is to be done
  • Purpose: Why it is to be done
  • End State: How should it look when done
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3
Q

24 hours awake affects your decision making capability like ___ blood alcohol content.

A

Like .10 blood alcohol content

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4
Q

Participants of the AAR should leave with what?

A

Participants should leave with a strong desire to improve their proficiency

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5
Q

When is an AAR performed?

A

An AAR is performed as immediately after the event as possible by the personnel involved

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6
Q

What is discussed during the AAR?

A
  • What was planned?
  • What actually happened?
  • Why did it happen?
  • What can we do next time?
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7
Q

Prior to each operational period, IC, supervisors and all wild land firefighters need to ask and be able to answer what three questions?

A

1) What are we going to do if someone gets hurt?
2) How will we get them out of here?
3) How long will it take to get them to a hospital?

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8
Q

Fuel Characteristics: Tight crown spacing (

A

<20 feet

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9
Q

Topography: Steep slopes (>____)

A

> 45 percent

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10
Q

Weather: Wind speeds above ____

A

10 mph

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11
Q

What are the 5 major common denominators of fire behavior on fatal and near-fatal fires?

A

1) On relatively small fires or deceptively quiet areas of large fires
2) In relatively light fuels
3) When there is an unexpected shift in wind direction or in wind speed
4) When fire responds to topographic conditions and runs uphill
5) Critical burn periods between 1400 and 1700

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12
Q

Blowup to burn over conditions generally occur in less than ____ minutes and can be as little as ___ minutes

A

60 minutes; 5 minutes

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13
Q

A tactical pause may be prudent around _____ for reevaluating your situational awareness of topography, weather and fuel

A

Around 1400

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14
Q

Time available to use escape routes will decrease and safety zone size will increase (possibly by more than double) as wind exceeds _____ and/or slope exceeds _____.

A

10 mph; 20%

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15
Q

What is a safety zone?

A

An area where a firefighter can survive without a fire shelter

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16
Q

Separation distance between the firefighter and the flams should be at least _____ times the maximum continuous flame height.

A

At least 4 times the maximum continuous flame height

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17
Q

1 acre is approximately the size of a _______, or _____X_____.

A

The size of a football field, or 208 feet x 208 feet

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18
Q

Keep ____ gallons of water in reserve.

A

100 gallons

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19
Q

What is a turn down?

A

A “turn down” is a situation where an individual has determined they cannot undertake an assignment as given and they are unable to negotiate an alternative solution

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20
Q

Individuals may turn down an assign emend as unsafe when what?

A
  • There is a violation of safe work practices
  • Environmental conditions make the work unsafe
  • They lack the necessary qualifications or experience
  • Defective equipment is being used
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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: If the supervisor asks another resource to perform the assignment, they are responsible to inform the new resource that the assignment was turned down and the reasons why it was turned down

A

TRUE

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22
Q

What are three indicators that there may be an approaching thunderstorm?

A

1) Sudden reverse in wind direction
2) Noticeable rise in wind speed
3) Sharp drop in temperature

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23
Q

Heavy smoke and flames can cause arcs to ground. Direct attack must be abandoned within _____ of transmission lines.

A

100’

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24
Q

Always maintain a distance of ____ form transmission towers.

A

35’

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25
Q

When flying across power lines, where should you cross?

A

Cross at the towers

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26
Q

Unexplored ordnance (UXO) is most likely to be encountered where?

A

On military or former military sites

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27
Q

Keep a minimum of ______ away from areas on fire that contain suspected UXO.

A

1,000’ away

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28
Q

What are the 3 components of last resort survival?

A

1) Escape if you can
2) Find a survivable area
3) Pick a fire shelter deployment site

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29
Q

Fire shelters will reflect ____ of a flame fronts radiant heat.

A

95%

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30
Q

What are the 2 most important actions during entrapment in fire shelter?

A

1) Staying under the shelter

2) Protecting airways, lungs and skin by lying prone

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31
Q

When using fire shelter, never wet yourself down. Wet clothes conduct heat ____ times faster than dry clothing.

A

5 times faster

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32
Q

Flame fronts can generate winds of _____ or more.

A

50 mph or more

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33
Q

During prolonged entrapment, temperatures can exceed _____.

A

150 degrees F

34
Q

Hazmat Isolation Distance for a Minor event (1 drum, 1 bag, etc.)?

A

150 feet

35
Q

Hazmat Isolation Distance for a Major event (1 drum or more, etc.)?

A

500 feet

36
Q

Hazmat Isolation Distance for Residential and light commercial areas?

A

300 feet

37
Q

Hazmat Isolation Distances for open areas?

A

1,000 feet

38
Q

Hazmat Isolation Distance for BLEVE?

A

2,500 feet (one-half mile)

39
Q

IRPG states No Smoking within ___ of the aircraft.

A

50 feet

40
Q

IRPG states the helicopter landing site must be free of stumps, brush, posts, large rocks and anything over _______.

A

18 inches

41
Q

For paracargo operations, the drop site should be roughly _____ in size.

A

Roughly an acrea

42
Q

Camps should be at least ____ from target area of paracargo operations.

A

600’

43
Q

During an aerial retardant drop, how should you lie down?

A

Lie face down with head TOWARD oncoming aircraft and hard hat in place

44
Q

When is a weather watch used?

A

A WATCH is used when the risk of a hazardous weather or hydrologic event has increased significantly, but its occurrence, location and/or timing is still uncertain

45
Q

When is a weather warning used?

A

A WARNING is issued when a hazardous weather or hydrologic even is occurring, is imminent or has a very high probability of occurring. A warning is used for conditions posing a threat to life or property

46
Q

What is the Burning Index?

A

The BI reflects the changes in fine fuel moisture content and wind speed and is highly variable day-to-way. The BI is more appropriate for short-term fire danger and can be loosely associated with flame length by dividing the BI by 10. The BI is readily affected by wind speed and fine fuel moisture

47
Q

What is the Haines Index?

A

The HI is used to indicate the potential for rapid fire growth due to dry and unstable atmospheric conditions over a fire area. The index is a simple way to measure the atmosphere’s contribution to the fire’s growth potential. A high Haines Index is correlated with large fire growth where winds do not dominate fire behavior

48
Q

_________ means providing purpose, direction and motivation for Wildland firefighters working to accomplish difficult tasks under dangerous, stressful circumstances

A

Leadership

49
Q

What will a good operational leader do in confusing and uncertain circumstances?

A
  • TAKE CHARGE of assigned resources
  • ASSESS SITUATION by gaining intel
  • MOTIVATE firefighters with a “can do safely” attitude
  • DEMONSTRATE INITIATIVE by taking action in the absence of orders
  • COMMUNICATE by giving specific instructions and asking for feedback
  • SUPERVISE at the scene of action
50
Q

If the situation changes significantly, _________ Risk Management Process at the appropriate step.

A

Restart

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Never rely on water for firefighter safety.

A

TRUE

52
Q

Do not resume work in exposed areas until ____ minutes after storm activity has passed.

A

30 minutes

53
Q

When responding to oil or gas fields and/or coal seems and you encounter Methane or Hydrogen Sulfide Gas, park at least ____ feet away form facilities and equipment.

A

20 feet

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Seek immediate medical care at a hospital if Hydrogen Sulfide exposure is suspected.

A

TRUE

55
Q

NFPA 704 placard: If the Fire Hazard triangle is rated “4”, the material will ignite below ______.

A

73 degrees F

56
Q

Structure Hazard Marking: Never enter a damaged structure unless trained, equipped and authorized. You may find a ____ x ____ box at the entrance to indicate the condition of a structure. Use _________ or _________ to mark inside of box.

A

2’ x 2’ box; orange spray paint or a lumber crayon

57
Q

Structure Hazard Marking: What does a box with no markings indicate?

A

Structure is safe for Search and Rescue (SAR) with minor damage, or structure is fully collapsed

58
Q

Structure Hazard Marking: What does a box with a single line through it indicate?

A

Structure is significantly damaged with some safe areas but other areas which need to be shored up or braced. Falling and collapse hazards need to be removed

59
Q

Structure Hazard Marking: What does a box with a “X” through it indicate?

A

Structure is unsafe and may collapse suddenly

60
Q

Structure Hazard Marking: What information should be found outside the upper right portion of the box?

A
  • Specialist ID
  • Time and date of assessment
  • Hazardous materials identified
61
Q

When assessing and treating burn victims, what should you do if you encounter clothing stuck to burned skin?

A

Do not cut away clothing stuck to burned skin. Cut away only burned clothing

62
Q

Pilot or designated helitack must brief all passengers prior to flight. No smoking within ____ of the aircraft.

A

Within 50 feet

63
Q

When choosing a landing area the site must be free of stumps, brush, posts, large rocks and anything over _________.

A

18 inches

64
Q

A ___ lb extinguisher, with a _____ rating is needed at a Helicopter Landing area.

A

20 lb extinguisher with a 40 BC rating

65
Q

Reporting is required for all introductions of wildland fire chemicals into waterways, or within ________ of a waterway if aerially applied.

A

300 feet

66
Q

How many Standard Firefighting Orders are there?

A

10 Standard Firefighting Orders

67
Q

What are the 10 Standard Firefighting Orders?

A

1) Keep informed on fire weather conditions and forecasts
2) Know what your fire is doing at all times
3) Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire
4) Identifiy escape routes and safety zones, and make them known
5) Post lookouts when there is possible danger
6) Be alert. Keep calm. Think clearly. Act decisively
7) Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor and adjoining forces
8) Give clear instructions and be sure they are understood
9) Maintain control of your forces at all times
10) Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first

68
Q

How many Watch Out Situations are there?

A

18

69
Q

What are the 18 Watch Out Situations?

A

1) Fire not scouted and sized up
2) In country not seen in daylight
3) Safety zones and escape routes not identified
4) Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior
5) Uninformed on strategy, tactics and hazards
6) Instructions and assignments not clear
7) No communication link with crew members or supervisor
8) Constructing line without safe anchor point
9) Building fire line downhill with fire below
10) Attempting frontal assault on fire
11) Unburned fuel between your and fire
12) Cannot see main fire; not in contact with someone who can
13) On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below
14) Weather becoming hotter and drier
15) Wind increases and/or changes direction
16) Getting frequent spot fires across line
17) Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult
18) Taking a nap near fireline

70
Q

In rough terrain, at least ____ workers will be required to carry a stretcher.

A

At least 15 workers

71
Q

A patient’s palm is approximately ____% of their body surface.

A

1%

72
Q

First degree burn

A

Superficial, red, mild to moderate pain

73
Q

Second degree burn

A

Partial thickness, skin may be red and raw, blistered, swollen, painful to very painful

74
Q

Third degree burn

A

Full thickness, whitish, charred or translucent, no pin prick sensation in burned area

75
Q

Hikes into a fire typically raise your body temperature ___-___ degrees F from your pre-hike level.

A

1-2 degrees F

76
Q

What is a heat-related injury (HRI)?

A

A heat-related injury is a potentially fatal condition caused by elevated body temperatures from internal heat produced by activity or external environmental heat added to the body that cannot be removed to maintain a normal body temperature

77
Q

Media interviews: Be concise. Give simple answers (___-___ seconds), and when you’re done, be quiet.

A

10-20 seconds

78
Q

When working around heavy equipment stay at least _____ in front and _____ behind the equipment. In timber, distances should be increased to ______ times the canopy height

A

At least 100 feet in front and 50 feet behind; 2-1/2 times the canopy height

79
Q

With fires with flame lengths less that ____, fires can generally be attacked at the head or flanks by firefighters using hand tools. Handling should hold fire.

A

Less than 4 feet

80
Q

Fires with flame lengths ____ to ____ are too intense for direct attack on the head with hand tools. Hand line cannot be relied on to hold the fire. Dozers, tractor-plows, engines and retardant drops can be effective.

A

4 to 8 feet

81
Q

Fires with flame lengths ____ to ____ may present serious control problems: torching, crowning, and spotting. Control efforts at the head will probably be ineffective.

A

8 to 11 feet

82
Q

Fires with flame lengths over _____, crowing spotting, and major fire runs are probable. Control efforts at the head of the fire are ineffective.

A

Over 11 feet

AO STUDY MATERIAL (33 decks)

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