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AO STUDY MATERIAL > BOOK 99 > Flashcards

BOOK 99 Flashcards

1
Q

The ________________ is responsible for the management of all incident operations including the development and implementation of strategic decisions

A

Incident Commander

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2
Q

The __________________ is subordinate to the Incident Commander, and is responsible for the supervision and coordination of the activities of the command staff, i.e., Public Information, Safety & Liaison Officers

A

Command Staff Chief

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3
Q

The _________________ is a member of the Command Staff, and is responsible for the formulation and release of information about the incident to the news media and other appropriate agencies and organizations

A

Public Information Officer

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4
Q

The _____________ is a member of the Command Staff, and is responsible for monitoring and assessing hazardous and unsafe situations and developing measures for assuring personnel safety.

A

Safety Officer

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5
Q

The ___________ is a member of the Command Staff, and is responsible for interacting with the assisting and cooperating agencies at the incident

A

Liaison officer

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: During the response, you should notify responding companies if you “have a loom-up”

A

TRUE. You should note the shape, color and angle of the smoke column, as it tells you wind direction and air stability, and hints at what is burning

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7
Q

What should your Size-Up consist of?

A
  • Exact location of fire
  • Size and terrain of fire
  • Material burning
  • Wind direction and speed
  • Exposures
  • Life hazard
  • Assistance needed
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8
Q

______________ is one where fire control starts at a point on the perimeter of the fire and works along one or both edges (flanks) toward the head of the fire, extinguishing as you go along

A

Direct Attack. This is the primary method used by the LAFD

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9
Q

______________ is one where the fire officer selects a place where the terrain is favorable for control of the fire

A

Indirect Attack.

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: There is no value in wetting down brush, trees and fire resistive roofs ahead of a fire

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What is the ultimate objective at a brush fire?

A

The ultimate objective at a brush fire is to contain the fire to a given perimeter by establishing a fire control line around it

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12
Q

What is a scratch line?

A

A scratch line is an unfinished preliminary control line made as an emergency action to check the spread of the fire, and to establish control of the perimeter

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13
Q

What is a control line?

A

A control line is a firebreak that is wide enough for permanent control that can be used in a direct or indirect attack

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The use of the 1¾” hose as a brush firefighting line is not recommended

A

TRUE. This is due to their high gpm nozzle flows, nozzle reaction, kinking at low pressures and possible thermal damage to the hose jacket

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15
Q

The main problem in extending a line is getting hose and equipment from the apparatus over rough terrain to the end of the line. What are some of the methods used to accomplish this?

A
  • Hose Rolls
  • Bucket Brigade
  • Wet line/dry line method
  • Continuous line method
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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Department helicopters can be used effectively to transport, deploy, pick up or reposition hose lines as a sling load operation

A

TRUE

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17
Q

The smaller Bell Model 206’s are typically used for pulling hose with helicopters. Sling load capabilities of this helicopter is approximately _____ lbs. One section of 3½” hose weighs approximately ____ lbs. One section of 2½” weighs approximately ____ lbs

A

750 lbs; 58 lbs; 38 lbs

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18
Q

What does a water shuttle assembly consist of?

A
  • 2-1/2” gated wye
  • 2-1/2” double male
  • 50’ sections of 2-1/2” hose
  • 1-1/2” gated wye
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19
Q

What is the purpose of siphon ejectors?

A

The ejectors will permit water to be picked up from streams, lakes, swimming pools, and other sources of water. This appliance may be utilized where the distance from or the height above, the water source makes it impractical to draft with hard suction hose

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20
Q

The siphon ejectors are “Penberthy” series 65-A (___”) and 67-A(___”)

A

65-A (1”) and 67-A (1-1/2”)

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21
Q

The inlet nozzle size on the siphon ejector is ____ diameter on the 65-A and ____ diameter on the 67-A.

A

5/16” diameter on the 65-A and 1/2” diameter on the 67-A

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22
Q

The series 65-A ejector will supply ___ 1” spray tip.

A

(1) 1” spray tip

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23
Q

The series 67-A ejector will supply ___ 1” spray tips at 75 psi.

A

(3) 1” spray tips

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24
Q

The Department currently has _____ of the Swimming Pool Auxiliary Water Supply (SPAWS) systems stored at FS 88.

A

(13) of the SPAWS systems

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25
Q

In most cases the S.P.A.W.S. system can be deployed by a Task Force in less than ____ minutes.

A

10 minutes

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26
Q

Backfiring is a drastic measure that is to be employed only in ___________.

A

Only in extreme emergencies

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27
Q

What is the LAFDs polish on backfiring at a brush or grass fire?

A
  • Prior to backfiring, approval shall be obtained from the IC
  • Backfiring brush or grass shall be used as an extinguishment tool in the same mode as brush or grass removal by tractor, hand tool, etc
  • Backfiring shall not be attempted unless all exposed structures are protected or considered at risk
28
Q

What is cold trailing?

A

This phase is the same as overhauling at a structure fire

29
Q

For cold trailing, authorities recommend a width somewhere between ____________ and ____________, depending on the terrain, wind, etc.

A

Between the same height as the brush and twice the height of the brush

30
Q

In order to prevent burning or smoldering objects such as cactus, pineapples, logs etc. from rolling downhill past the fireline, it is necessary to trench below them. A trench should never be less than _____ wide and _____ deep

A

1 foot wide and 1 foot deep

31
Q

In selecting tools for coldtrailing, the most overlooked tool is ____________.

A

The McCloud

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A member who uses a shovel often learns that the worst thing for a shovel blade is paint

A

TRUE. Mud and dirt stick to the paint and instead of working with a fairly light weight shovel, you find yourself working with a big ball of mud and dirt

33
Q

If you must paint your shovels, spray on a thin coat of ______________. It wears off almost immediately.

A

Aluminum paint

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Coldtrailing on a slope is easiest if done from the top down, but it is BEST if it is done from the bottom up

A

TRUE. When working up the slope, you have closer eyeball contact with the ground. You get a better look at the fire area from the direction that the fire moved, in most cases

35
Q

The desired water flow of 360 GPM at the Kam-Lok will be obtained by pumping ___ psi plus ___ psi per 100 feet of 3½” inch hose line

A

95 psi plus 5 psi

36
Q

As the helicopter is filled with water its weight increases, causing the helicopter skids to spread up to ___ inches towards the outside.

A

6 inches

37
Q

Wildland is defined as:

A

Sparsely populated geographical areas covered primarily by grass, brush, trees, crops or combination thereof

38
Q

What are the 18 Watch Out Situations?

A

1) Fire not scouted and sized up
2) In country not seen in daylight
3) Safety zones and escape routes not identified
4) Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior
5) Uninformed on strategy, tactics and hazards
6) Instructions and assignments not clear
7) No communication link with crew members/supervisors
8) Constructing line without safe anchor point
9) Building wireline downhill with fire below
10) Attempting frontal assault on fire
11) Unburned fuel between you and the fire
12) Cannot see main fire, not in contact with anyone who can
13) On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below
14) Weather is getting hotter and drier
15) Wind increases and/or changes directions
16) Getting frequent spot fires across line
17) Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult
18) Taking a nap near the fire line

39
Q

What are the 10 Standard Firefighting Orders?

A

1) Keep informed on fire weather conditions and forecasts
2) Know what your fire is doing at all times
3) Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire
4) Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known
5) Post lookouts when there is possible danger
6) Be alert. Keep calm. Think clearly. Act decisively
7) Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor and adjoining forces
8) Give clear instructions and insure they are understood
9) Maintain control of your forces at all times
10) Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first

40
Q

What is the fire shelter made of?

A

The fire shelter is made of aluminum foil bonded to a fiberglass cloth with a non-toxic, high temperature adhesive

41
Q

The foil of the fire shelter will reflect ___% of a flame front’s radiant heat. The remaining percentage is absorbed by the shelter.

A

Reflect 95% of a flame front’s radiant heat

42
Q

After deploying your fire shelter, what are the two most important actions?

A
  • Stay under your shelter

- Protecting airways, lungs and skin by lying prone, face to the ground

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: If you anticipate entrapment, you can wet yourself down to help stay cool.

A

FALSE. If you anticipate entrapment, NEVER WET YOURSELF DOWN. Wet clothing conducts heat five times faster than dry clothing, making skin burns more likely

44
Q

Deployment sites should be free of fuels. Begin scraping away what fuels there are. Clear an area _________ feet (larger, time permitting) down to mineral soil

A

4 by 8 feet

45
Q

Flame fronts can generate winds of ___ mph or more; shelters must be held down firmly

A

50 mph or more

46
Q

When inside a fire shelter, keep your nose to the ground, approximately a ___ inch layer of cooler, cleaner air can be found at ground level

A

6 inch

47
Q

During prolonged entrapment, temperatures within the shelter can range from ____ to ____ degrees F

A

150 to 200 degrees F

48
Q

When shall fire shelters be inspected?

A

Monthly or after being carried by members in the field

49
Q

What is the shelf life of a fire shelter?

A

The shelter has an indefinite shelf life, its materials do not degrade under normal storage conditions

50
Q

Shelters with dents or punctures in the foil over ____ wide or with ______ or more of foil missing shall be removed from service

A

1” wide or with 1/2” or more of foil missing

51
Q

What are the three major components of the wildland fire environment?

A
  • Topography
  • Fuels
  • Weather
52
Q

It is estimated that doubling the wind velocity will approximately ________ the rate of fire spread.

A

Quadruple

53
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

The ratio of the actual amount of water vapor in a given volume of air, to the amount of water vapor which could be present if the air were saturated at the same temperature

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Warm air has a much greater capacity for holding water vapor than cold air

A

TRUE

55
Q

The ignition temperature of brush varies between ____ to ____ degrees Fahrenheit. A practical average temerpature is considered to be about ____ degrees F.

A

400 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit; 540 degrees F

56
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Atmospheric stability is defined as the resistance of the atmosphere to vertical motion. Unstable air encourages vertical movement of the air and increases fire activity. Stable air discourages vertical movement of the air and decreases fire activity.

A

TRUE

57
Q

Anytime the air temperature drops rapidly with altitude, move than ___ degrees per 1000 feet, unstable atmospheric conditions are present

A

5.5 degrees

58
Q

The position of a slope is important because this influences the types and loading of fuels and their availability. _____ and _____ facing slopes typically have the greatest number of fires.

A

South and west facing slopes

59
Q

Fuels can be classified into three basic categories:

A

1) Grasses and weeds (Light Fuels)
2) Coastal sage scrub (Moderate Fuels)
3) Mixed chaparral (Heavy Fuels)

60
Q

_______________ are the primary fuels that carry a firer at its flaming front.

A

Small diameter dead fuels

61
Q

The moisture content of dead fuels varies from around ___% to about ___%, depending on weather conditions.

A

2% to 30%

62
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: f all fuels are live or green, they will ordinarily not burn at all.

A

TRUE

63
Q

Our fire weather information is calculated from ___ different inputs. The majority of these inputs are gathered from Fire Station ____ weather station and from the Riverside National Weather Service.

A

20 different inputs; Fire Station 108s

64
Q

What are the categories of the Burning Index?

A
  • Low: 0-30
  • Moderate: 31-40
  • High: 41-60
  • Very High: 61-80
  • Extreme: 81+
65
Q

What is the LAFD definition of Red Flag?

A

The combination of wind speed 25+ miles per hour and relative humidity 15% or lower

66
Q

A staging area is that location where incident personnel and equipment are assigned on a __________ available status.

A

3 minute

AO STUDY MATERIAL (33 decks)

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