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INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY > IR - PRELIM L2 > Flashcards

IR - PRELIM L2 Flashcards

1
Q

Way of utilizing digital technology; to
capture and process x-ray images; faster

A

Digital

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2
Q

Process of removing background structures
(bones, tissues, and other non-vascular
structures) to visualize blood vessels with
contrast media with clear view of vascular
system

A

Subtraction

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2
Q

Imaging technique used to visualize blood
vessel

A

Angiography

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2
Q

Angio is a prefix derived from the Greek word ______ which means _______

A
  1. Angeion
  2. Vessel
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2
Q

This prefix pertains to blood vessels or related structures

A

Angio

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3
Q

A medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels.

A

Angiogram

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3
Q

A procedure to widen narrowed or obstructed blood vessels, typically arteries.

A

Angioplasty

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4
Q

This pertains to the formation of new blood vessels

A

Angiogenesis

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5
Q

DSA stands for _______

A

Digital Subtraction Angiography

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6
Q

This is an imaging technique used
primarily to visualize blood vessels, especially for detecting abnormalities such as blockages, aneurysms, or stenosis.

A

Digital Subtraction Angiography

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7
Q

The first angiograms were done in the _________ using x-ray technology and a contrast medium injected into the blood vessels

A

1920’s

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8
Q

What year were subtraction techniques introduced to improve image clarity

A

1960’s

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9
Q

Subtraction techniques are performed to meet a goal of enhancing the _________ by subtracting static structures

A

Visibility of Blood Vessels

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Subtraction techniques are applied with automatic processing and digital radiography.

A

FALSE

Subtraction techniques were MANUAL and required FILM-BASED PROCESSES.

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11
Q

The first commercially available DSA systems were developed in _____

A

1978

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12
Q

________ and ________ further improved the ability to assess complex vascular structures, especially in the brain and coronary arteries.

A

3D Imaging and High Resolution Digital Subtraction

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13
Q

DSA remains as one of the _________ in certain cases, especially when precise imaging and interventions are required.

A

Gold Standard

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14
Q

A Portuguese neurologist who developed the technique of contrast x-ray cerebral angiography to diagnose diseases

A

Egas Moniz

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15
Q

In what year did Moniz develop contrast x-ray cerebral angiography

A

1927

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16
Q

The conventional subtraction technique in angiography was also known as _________

A

Film-based Subtraction Angiography

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17
Q

The idea of subtraction images was first proposed by the Dutch radiologist _________ in ______

A
  1. Ziedses des Plantes
  2. 1935
18
Q

This procedure helped to reduce the visual interference from bones, tissues, and other static structures, allowing a clearer view of the blood vessels.

A

Conventional Subtraction Technique in Angiography

19
Q

Enumerate the four (4) limits of Conventional Subtraction Technique in Angiography

A
  1. Manual Subtraction
  2. Time Consuming
  3. Radiation Exposure
  4. Lower Image Quality
20
Q

The core idea behind conventional
subtraction is to take ____ sets of X-ray
images

21
The two images required to be taken in conventional subtraction include:
1. Initial (Mask) Image 2. Subsequent (Contrast-enhanced / Angiographic) Image
22
This is a baseline image taken before the injection of contrast dye. It shows the structures of the body (bones, tissues, etc.), but not the blood vessels, since they haven't been highlighted yet
Initial (Mask) Image
23
A second X-ray image is taken. This image shows both the blood vessels (highlighted by the contrast) and the surrounding structures
Subsequent (Contrast-enhanced / Angiographic) Image
24
The machine includes a high-powered X-ray tube that emits X-rays directed at the patient. The X-rays are used to create images of the internal structures, especially blood vessels, after the contrast dye is injected.
X-ray Source
25
Captures the x-ray images and converts the x-ray data into digital signals
Detector System
26
A powerful computer that processes the raw data from the detector, performing digital subtraction and enhancing the clarity of the blood vessels
Workstation / Computer System
27
A device used to inject the contrast material into the bloodstream. This system is synchronized with the imaging process to capture the vascular images at the right moments
Contrast Injection System
28
A movable table allows for precise positioning of the patient during the procedure, ensuring accurate imaging from multiple angles.
Patient Table / Positioning System
29
In modern DSA machines, _______ can rotate around the patient to capture images from multiple angles, improving the accuracy and detail of the vascular image
Angiography Systems with Rotating C-Arms
30
DSA systems can be _______ or _______
Fixed or Mobile
31
What is the therapeutic intervention for Aneurysm ?
Thrombolysis
32
What is the therapeutic intervention for Pseudoaneurysm ?
Thrombectomy
33
What is the therapeutic intervention for Non-traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ?
Embolisation
34
What is the therapeutic intervention for Arterial Dissection or Laceration ?
Stenting
35
What are the foremost contraindications for DSA (3):
1. Poor Renal Reserve 2. Deranged Coagulogram 3. Allergic to Contrast Media
36
Dense fluids with elements of high atomic numbers that help create detailed images of the blood vessels in real-time
Contrast Media / Agents
37
First contrast media for IV injection was called _______
High-Osmolar Contrast Media (HOCM)
38
The measure of particle concentration in a solution
Osmolality
39
Enumerate the steps for Patient Pre-procedural Prep:
1. Medical History and Evaluation 2. Blood Test 3. Discontinuing Medication 4. Fasting 5. Consent
40
Enumerate the steps for Team Pre-procedural Prep:
1. Sterilization 2. Monitoring Set-up 3. Sedation or Anesthesia
41
Enumerate the steps for Main Procedure:
1. Contrast Injection 2. Positioning 3. Imaging
42
Enumerate the steps for Post-Procedural Care:
1. Observation 2. Hydration 3. Activity Restriction 4. Check the Insertion Site
43
Enumerate the potential Risks and Complications to Discuss:
1. Allergic Reaction 2. Kidney Issues 3. Bleeding or Infection 4. Radiation Exposure
44
One example of a contrast agent used in DSA is _____
Iodine
45
Non-vascular structures are also called as _______ structures
Static
46
In DSA, a contrast dye is injected into the bloodstream, and a __________ of X-ray images are taken.
Series

INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY (9 decks)

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