IR - PRELIM L1

Question 1

A medical specialty that uses minimally invasive techniques to diagnose and treat various conditions, involving the use of medical imaging to guide tiny instruments to targeted areas in the body

Answer 1

Interventional Radiology

Question 2

Interventional radiologists often collaborate with other specialists such as ______, ______, or ______ to develop treatment plans tailored to the patient’s specific needs

Answer 2

1. Oncologists
2. Cardiologists
3. Vascular Surgeons

Question 3

Procedures typically require only small incisions or no incision at all

Answer 3

Minimally Invasive

Question 4

IR procedures are guided by real-time imaging, which allows for highly precise targeting

Answer 4

Imaging Guidance

Question 5

Involves real-time stenting and angiography

Answer 5

Fluoroscopy

Question 6

Imaging modality used for biopsy and fluid drainage

Answer 6

Ultrasound

Question 7

Thoracentesis is intended for _______ whereas _______ is for ascites

Answer 7

Thoracentesis = PLEURAL EFFUSION

PARACENTESIS = Ascites

Question 8

This is less common for IR but is used when there is involvement of soft tissue

Answer 8

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 9

This is the treatment intended to block abnormal blood vessels or stop bleeding

Answer 9

Embolization

Question 9

This is the treatment for blocked blood vessels

Answer 9

Angioplasty and Stenting

Question 10

This is performed to obtain tissue samples for diagnosis

Answer 10

Biopsy

Question 11

IR may also be used to help in the ______ of abscesses or fluid collections

Answer 11

Drainage

Question 12

This is the treatment used to treat cancer such as via Radiofrequency or Cryoablation

Answer 12

Tumor Ablation

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE

IR may be used as a treatment of INFERTILITY.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

What type of anesthesia is used for IR ?

Answer 14

Local Anesthesia

Question 15

Enumerate the Benefits of IR (5):

Answer 15

1. Minimally Invasive
2. Reduced Risk
3. Faster Recovery
4. Targeted Treatment
5. Outpatient Procedure

Question 16

A widely used medical procedure for gaining access to blood vessels or other body cavities, primarily for diagnostic and interventional procedures; allowing for safe introduction of IR equipment.

Answer 16

Seldinger Technique

Question 17

The Seldinger Technique was derived from ________

Answer 17

Sven-Ivar Seldinger

Question 18

The Seldinger Technique was developed in the year ______

Answer 18

1953

Question 19

The three (3) following vessels are considered for the Seldinger Technique:

Answer 19

1. Femoral Artery
2. Brachial Artery
3. Axillary Artery

Question 20

Selection of artery/vessel is based on ________ or _______

Answer 20

Strong Pulse or Absence of Disease

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE

Site for Seldinger Technique must be cleaned, area draped, and general anesthesia must be given.

Answer 21

FALSE

Site for Seldinger Technique must be cleaned, area draped, and LOCAL anesthesia must be given.

Question 22

What are the STEP-BY-STEP procedures of the Seldinger Technique ?

Answer 22

1. Insertion of Needle
2. Placement of Needle in the Lumen
3. Insertion of Guidewire Thru Needle
4. Removal of Needle to Guidewire Position
5. Threading of Catheter to Area of Interest - Fluoro Used
6. Removal of Guide Wire

Question 23

What are the four (4) tools used in IR:

Answer 23

1. Cannulas
2. Guide Wires
3. Vascular Sheaths
4. Catheters

(Call-Gina-Very-Clean)

Question 24

A hollow tube often made of stainless steel inserted into the body to provide access to blood vessels, tissues, or other structures

Answer 24

Cannulas

Question 25

The higher the Cannula gauge, the _______ the needle

Answer 25

Smaller

Question 26

Used to navigate and position various devices like catheters, balloons, stents, and other instruments, providing support and guidance during procedures

Answer 26

Guidewires

Question 27

A guidewire for general procedures like angiography or catheter placement

Answer 27

Standard Guide Wire

Question 28

These guidewires provide more support for complex interventions like stent placement or embolization

Answer 28

Stiff Guide Wires

Question 29

Guidewires that are coated with a layer that becomes slippery when hydrated, making them easier to insert and navigate through vessels

Answer 29

Hydrophilic Guide Wires

Question 29

Guidewires with a very soft tip to reduce the risk of vessel perforation, often used for less complex, more delicate procedures.

Answer 29

Floppy or Soft Tip Guide Wires

Question 29

Guidewires with a more rigid core, typically used for tougher navigation, like in the arterial system

Answer 29

Core-wire Based Guide Wires

Question 30

What are the five (5) types of Guidewire:

Answer 30

1. Standard Guide Wire 2. Stiff Guide Wires 3. Hydrophilic Guide Wires 4. Floppy or Soft Tip Guide Wires 5. Core-wire Based Guide Wires

Question 30

Guidewires vary in _____ to provide the necessary support for the procedure and more challenging anatomies or procedures that require additional support.

Answer 30

Stiffness

Question 31

Guide wires are designed to be flexible, allowing them to easily maneuver around curves in blood vessels or other channel

Answer 31

Flexibility

Question 32

Many guide wires have a smooth _______ to reduce friction, allowing for easier insertion and navigation.

Answer 32

Coating

Question 33

Guide wires come in various lengths and diameters, and the size chosen depends on the procedure, vessel type, and the device being delivered

Answer 33

Length and Diameter

Question 34

Some guidewires have a more tapered or angled tip for easier navigation, while others may have a shaped tip to facilitate specific procedures.

Answer 34

Tip Design

Question 35

It is used to facilitate the insertion and management of devices like guide wires, catheters, and other instruments into blood vessels during diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

Answer 35

Vascular Sheaths

Question 36

A Vascular Sheath serves as a ______ through which instruments can be advanced while providing a stable access point to blood vessels

Answer 36

Funnel

Question 37

Used for common vascular access, like femoral, radial, or jugular access, often for diagnostic or routine interventions.

Answer 37

Standard Sheaths

Question 38

These include a dilator to assist with easier insertion into the vessel.

Answer 38

Sheaths With Introducers (Dilators)

Question 39

Used in procedures that require the insertion of larger devices, like for stent placement or large embolization agents

Answer 39

Large-Bore Sheaths

Question 40

These sheaths incorporate advanced valves or mechanisms that ensure tight hemostasis to reduce blood loss, particularly in procedures with larger puncture sites

Answer 40

Hemostasis Sheaths

Question 41

What are the types of Vascular Sheaths (4):

Answer 41

1. Standard Sheaths 2. Sheaths with Introducers 3. Large-Bore Sheaths 4. Hemostasis Sheaths

Question 42

A long, flexible tube that is inserted into blood vessels or other body cavities to diagnose or treat various medical conditions.

Answer 42

Catheters

Question 43

Used during angiography to inject contrast dye into blood vessels for imaging

Answer 43

Angiographic Catheters

Question 44

Used for diagnostic purposes to obtain pressure readings or to guide the placement of other devices

Answer 44

Venous and Arterial Catheters

Question 45

Used in angioplasty procedures to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels; inflated to widen the vessel

Answer 45

Balloon Catheters

Question 46

These are designed to carry stents (small mesh tubes) into position within a blood vessel to keep it open after angioplasty.

Answer 46

Stent Delivery Catheters

Question 47

Used to deliver embolic agents (like coils, particles, or liquids) to block blood flow to tumors or abnormal blood vessels.

Answer 47

Embolization Catheters

Question 48

These are used to remove fluids, such as pus or bile, from a body cavity or organ (e.g., abscess drainage, biliary drainage).

Answer 48

Drainage Catheters

Question 49

A long catheter that is inserted through a peripheral vein and advanced to the central veins for long-term medication administration or intravenous therapy

Answer 49

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)

Question 50

Used for hemodialysis to access a patient's blood vessels for the exchange of waste and fluids.

Answer 50

Dialysis Catheters

Question 51

Used to obtain tissue samples from targeted organs or masses

Answer 51

Biopsy Catheters

Question 52

An interventional radiologist who developed continuous x-ray angiocardiography

Answer 52

Charles T. Dotter

Question 53

Dotter's contributions in Interventional Radiology include (5):

Answer 53

1. Angioplasty 2. Concept of Interventional Radiology 3. Embolization Technique 4. Vascular Access 5. Teaching and Mentorship