IR - PRELIM L1 Flashcards
A medical specialty that uses minimally invasive techniques to diagnose and treat various conditions, involving the use of medical imaging to guide tiny instruments to targeted areas in the body
Interventional Radiology
Interventional radiologists often collaborate with other specialists such as ______, ______, or ______ to develop treatment plans tailored to the patient’s specific needs
- Oncologists
- Cardiologists
- Vascular Surgeons
Procedures typically require only small incisions or no incision at all
Minimally Invasive
IR procedures are guided by real-time imaging, which allows for highly precise targeting
Imaging Guidance
Involves real-time stenting and angiography
Fluoroscopy
Imaging modality used for biopsy and fluid drainage
Ultrasound
Thoracentesis is intended for _______ whereas _______ is for ascites
Thoracentesis = PLEURAL EFFUSION
PARACENTESIS = Ascites
This is less common for IR but is used when there is involvement of soft tissue
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
This is the treatment intended to block abnormal blood vessels or stop bleeding
Embolization
This is the treatment for blocked blood vessels
Angioplasty and Stenting
This is performed to obtain tissue samples for diagnosis
Biopsy
IR may also be used to help in the ______ of abscesses or fluid collections
Drainage
This is the treatment used to treat cancer such as via Radiofrequency or Cryoablation
Tumor Ablation
TRUE OR FALSE
IR may be used as a treatment of INFERTILITY.
TRUE
What type of anesthesia is used for IR ?
Local Anesthesia
Enumerate the Benefits of IR (5):
- Minimally Invasive
- Reduced Risk
- Faster Recovery
- Targeted Treatment
- Outpatient Procedure
A widely used medical procedure for gaining access to blood vessels or other body cavities, primarily for diagnostic and interventional procedures; allowing for safe introduction of IR equipment.
Seldinger Technique
The Seldinger Technique was derived from ________
Sven-Ivar Seldinger
The Seldinger Technique was developed in the year ______
1953
The three (3) following vessels are considered for the Seldinger Technique:
- Femoral Artery
- Brachial Artery
- Axillary Artery
Selection of artery/vessel is based on ________ or _______
Strong Pulse or Absence of Disease
TRUE OR FALSE
Site for Seldinger Technique must be cleaned, area draped, and general anesthesia must be given.
FALSE
Site for Seldinger Technique must be cleaned, area draped, and LOCAL anesthesia must be given.
What are the STEP-BY-STEP procedures of the Seldinger Technique ?
- Insertion of Needle
- Placement of Needle in the Lumen
- Insertion of Guidewire Thru Needle
- Removal of Needle to Guidewire Position
- Threading of Catheter to Area of Interest - Fluoro Used
- Removal of Guide Wire
What are the four (4) tools used in IR:
- Cannulas
- Guide Wires
- Vascular Sheaths
- Catheters
(Call-Gina-Very-Clean)
A hollow tube often made of stainless steel inserted into the body to provide access to blood vessels, tissues, or other structures
Cannulas
The higher the Cannula gauge, the _______ the needle
Smaller
Used to navigate and position various devices like catheters, balloons, stents, and other instruments, providing support and guidance during procedures
Guidewires
A guidewire for general procedures like angiography or catheter placement
Standard Guide Wire
These guidewires provide more support for complex interventions like stent placement or embolization
Stiff Guide Wires
Guidewires that are coated with a layer that becomes slippery when hydrated, making them easier to insert and navigate through vessels
Hydrophilic Guide Wires
Guidewires with a very soft tip to reduce the risk of vessel perforation, often used for less complex, more delicate procedures.
Floppy or Soft Tip Guide Wires
Guidewires with a more rigid core, typically used for tougher navigation, like in the arterial system
Core-wire Based Guide Wires
What are the five (5) types of Guidewire:
- Standard Guide Wire
- Stiff Guide Wires
- Hydrophilic Guide Wires
- Floppy or Soft Tip Guide Wires
- Core-wire Based Guide Wires
Guidewires vary in _____ to provide the
necessary support for the procedure and more challenging anatomies or procedures that require additional support.
Stiffness
Guide wires are designed to be
flexible, allowing them to easily
maneuver around curves in blood
vessels or other channel
Flexibility
Many guide wires have a smooth _______ to reduce friction, allowing for easier insertion and navigation.
Coating
Guide wires come in various lengths
and diameters, and the size chosen
depends on the procedure, vessel
type, and the device being delivered
Length and Diameter
Some guidewires have a more tapered or angled tip for easier navigation, while
others may have a shaped tip to
facilitate specific procedures.
Tip Design
It is used to facilitate the insertion and
management of devices like guide wires, catheters, and other instruments into blood vessels during diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
Vascular Sheaths
A Vascular Sheath serves as a ______ through which instruments can be advanced while providing a stable access point to blood vessels
Funnel
Used for common vascular access,
like femoral, radial, or jugular access,
often for diagnostic or routine
interventions.
Standard Sheaths
These include a dilator to assist with easier insertion into the vessel.
Sheaths With Introducers (Dilators)
Used in procedures that require the
insertion of larger devices, like for
stent placement or large embolization
agents
Large-Bore Sheaths
These sheaths incorporate advanced valves or mechanisms that ensure tight hemostasis to reduce blood loss,
particularly in procedures with larger puncture sites
Hemostasis Sheaths
What are the types of Vascular Sheaths (4):
- Standard Sheaths
- Sheaths with Introducers
- Large-Bore Sheaths
- Hemostasis Sheaths
A long, flexible tube that is inserted into
blood vessels or other body cavities to diagnose or treat various medical conditions.
Catheters
Used during angiography to
inject contrast dye into blood vessels for imaging
Angiographic Catheters
Used for diagnostic purposes to obtain pressure readings or to guide the placement of
other devices
Venous and Arterial Catheters
Used in angioplasty
procedures to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels; inflated to widen the vessel
Balloon Catheters
These are designed to carry stents (small mesh tubes)
into position within a blood vessel to keep it open after
angioplasty.
Stent Delivery Catheters
Used to deliver embolic agents (like coils, particles, or
liquids) to block blood flow to tumors or abnormal blood
vessels.
Embolization Catheters
These are used to remove fluids, such as pus or bile,
from a body cavity or organ (e.g., abscess drainage, biliary drainage).
Drainage Catheters
A long catheter that is inserted through a peripheral vein and advanced to the central veins for long-term medication administration or
intravenous therapy
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)
Used for hemodialysis to
access a patient’s blood vessels for the exchange of
waste and fluids.
Dialysis Catheters
Used to obtain tissue samples from targeted organs or masses
Biopsy Catheters
An interventional radiologist who developed continuous x-ray angiocardiography
Charles T. Dotter
Dotter’s contributions in Interventional Radiology include (5):
- Angioplasty
- Concept of Interventional Radiology
- Embolization Technique
- Vascular Access
- Teaching and Mentorship
