IPS Chemical Interactions Chapter 1 Section 4

Question 1

Both carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules have polar bonds. Why then is carbon dioxide a nonpolar molecule while water is a polar molecule?

Answer 1

A carbon dioxide molecule is nonpolar because of its straight-line shape, but a water molecule is polar because of its bent shape.

Question 2

A carbon atom can form four covalent bonds. How many valence electrons does it have?

Answer 2

Four

Question 3

covalent bond

Answer 3

atoms can become more stable by sharing electrons in a covalent bond; usually form between metals combined with nonmetals

Question 4

double bond

Answer 4

a chemical bond that is formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons

Question 5

How are the properties of molecular compounds different from those of ionic compounds?

Answer 5

Compared to ionic compounds, molecular compounds generally have lower melting points and boiling points, and they do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Question 6

How do some atoms in covalent bonds become slightly negative or slightly positive? What type of covalent bonds do these atoms form?

Answer 6

Because atoms of some elements pull more strongly on shared electrons than do atoms of other elements. So the electrons are pulled more toward one atom, causing the bonded atoms to have slight electrical charges.
This type of covalent bond is called a polar bond.

Question 7

molecular compound

Answer 7

a compound that is composed of molecules

Question 8

molecule

Answer 8

a neutral group of atoms joined together by a covalent bond

Question 9

nonpolar bond

Answer 9

a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally

Question 10

polar bond

Answer 10

a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

Question 11

triple bond

Answer 11

a chemical bond that is formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons

Question 12

What is a double bond?

Answer 12

When two atoms share two pairs of electrons.

Question 13

What is the attraction that holds two covalent bonds together?

Answer 13

The force that holds atoms together in a covalent bond is the attraction of each atom’s nucleus for the shared pair of electrons.

Question 14

Why are most molecular compounds poor conductors of electricity?

Answer 14

Because no charged particles are available to move, so electricity cannot flow.