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Network + > IP Addresses > Flashcards

IP Addresses Flashcards

1
Q

IPv4 Address

A

The logical address to a computer, consists of 32 bits in length, often represented in decimal format, 192.168.0.1, or in 4 binary octets. An IP address has an IPv4 or IPv6 address, a subnet mask, and a default gateway (aka the destination router)

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2
Q

IP related protocols

A

TCP Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol IP

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3
Q

Private IP Range

A

These IP address ranges can be used on multiple networks, ensuring that they are not reachable through the internet.
Class A: 10.0. 0.0 to 10.255. 255.255.
Class B: 172.16. 0.0 to 172.31. 255.255.
Class C: 192.168. 0.0 to 192.168. 255.255

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4
Q

Private IP Address

A

These IP addresses are normally an IPv4 IP address and are referred to as an RFC1918 IP address. Internal or private IP addresses are not reachable by external devices over the internet

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5
Q

APIPA

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing, self-assigns an automatic ip address with a specific network ID: 169.254.0.0/16, this happens when no DHCP server is found and the device does not have a static ip address assigned to it

Fail Safe

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6
Q

DHCP

A

dDynamic Host configuration Protocol. Keeps records of all assigned ip addresses. IP address assignment is automatic, ip addresses are assigned quickly

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7
Q

Static IP Address

A

Manually set ip address on the computer, then you need to manually keep track of each assigned AP, mostly used on servers/routers/switches where ip addresses should never change

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8
Q

Dynamic IP Address

A

IP address assignment is automatic, ip addresses are assigned quickly, best for hosts, phones, or other network nodes that don’t need a dedicated ip address. Requires a DHCP server

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9
Q

Minimum Required IP Settings

A

IP Address, Subnet Mask, Defauylt Gateway, DNS (can function without DNS but would not be able to browse the web)

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10
Q

Zero-Config Networking

A

Goal is to allow computer sand networking peripherals to be locally networked without manual configurations or special services.
Parts:
1. Automatic Link-local address assignmnets (APIPA)
2. Automatic hostname resolution (multicast DNS, NetBios)
3. Automatic Network Service location (printing, etc.)

Fail Safe

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11
Q

IPv4 Class system

A

IP classes provide a default mask based on the number in the first octet. Before subnetting existed:

Class A: 1st Octet Range: 1-126 Subnet: 255.0.0.0
Class B: 1st Octet Range: 128-191 Subnet: 255.255.0.0
Class C: 1st Octet Range: 192-223 Subnet: 255.255.255.0

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12
Q

Loopback Address

A

Any ip address that contains 172 in the first octet, 127.0.0.0/8 so 127.0.0.1-127.255.255.254

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13
Q

Link-Local Address

A

APIPA address, 169.254.0.0/16

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14
Q

CIDR Notation

A

Tells you how many binary bits are turned on in the subnet mask

EX: 192.168.1.0/24 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 = 255.255.255.0

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15
Q

Usable IP Address Range

A

For subnetting to determine the usable ip range on a subnet
EX: 192.168.50.1 - 192.168.50.230

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16
Q

Broadcast Address

A

The ip address that will reach out to all the clients on the network for updates, information, etc. Always one less than the next subnet in the network

17
Q

Bit Identification Technique

A

Given the network ID, Subnet Mask, and CIDR notation we can determine the broadcast address and the useable ip address range

18
Q

IPV6

A

IPv6 Address is a 128 bit address represented as 32 hex digits, composed of 8 groups of 4 hex digits

Ex: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:118d:8a2e:0370:7334

Dropping leading zeros, and groups of 4 zeros we get:
2001:db8:85a3:0:118d:8a2e:370.7334

If there are contiguous groups of zeros they can be replaced with a double colon

Ex: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 becomes 2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334

Ipv6 is needed as the number of available addresses for IPv4 are running out

19
Q

IPv6 Loopback

A

0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
We can abbreviate with colons to leading zeros, and to simply colons if there are contiguous groups of zeros:
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
::1

20
Q

IPv6 Internet access

A

Ipv6 address needs both a link local and global ip address to connect to the intenet

21
Q

IPv6 Address Types

A

IPv6 addresses need a global address, a link local address and a unique local address. Can be automatically configured or manually configured

22
Q

IPv6 Link Local Address

A

Always starts with FE80::/64

23
Q

IPv6 Subnet mask

A

Always /64

24
Q

IPv6 Bits

A

First 64 bits represent the network and the last 64 bits represent the host

25
Q

Public IP Address

A

Public ip addresses are used on the internet. You just have one public IP address and it’s assigned to your gateway or router, so as not to expose your computer to the internet directly

26
Q

Datagram

A

The combination of an IP address and UDP (User datagram protocol)

No assurance datagram will be received

Connection-less

Contains a source port, destination port, length, checksum, data (if any).

27
Q

Packet

A

The combination of an IP address and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Devices are talking to each other to ensure packet delivery

Connection Oriented

Always contained within a frame

28
Q

Data –> Packet –> Frame

A

Data gets turned into a packet and then is absorbed in a frame and then sent on the wire

29
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol

Unreliable delivery, not ordered, no congestion control, light weight, faster than TCP, connection-less.

29
Q

IP

A

Internet Protocol provides logical addressing for networks

29
Q

Frame

A

Encapsulates data to send along the wire.

Frame has, starting at the front:
MAC Header
IP Header
TCP/UDP Header
Data
CRC

30
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol - data unit is called a segment. Reliable communication, favors safety over speed, Connection oriented, sequence # and acknowledgement # to keep track of data.

Ordered, stream of segments
Error detection and correction
Flow control
Congestion control
Complex and Heavyweight

31
Q

TCP Three-way Handshake

A

Messages sent between computers to ensure the data is delivered.

Session Establishment:
First, a SYN is sent from source to destination
Second, a SYN ACK is sent from destination to source
Third, ACK sent to destination computer to establish session

Session Termination:
First, source sends a FIN to the destination
Second, the destination sends an ACK to the source
Third, the Destination sends a FIN ACK to the source
Fourth, the source sends an ACK to the destination to terminate the session

Network + (19 decks)

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