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802.3 Ethernet Standards and Cables Flashcards

1
Q

802.3

A

Ethernet standards, performs encapsulation of Frames and shoots them onto the network. Packet switching protocol family

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2
Q

Ethernet Frame

A

1500 Bytes in size

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3
Q

Cat 3 Cable

A

10BaseT
10 Mbps, Baseband, unshielded twisted pair
100 meters

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4
Q

Cat 5 Cable

A

100BaseT (or 100BaseTX)
100 Mbps, baseband, unshielded twisted pair or shielded twisted pair
100 meters

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5
Q

Cat 5E Cable

A

1000BASE-T
1 Gbps, baseband, untwisted pair
100 meters

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6
Q

Cat 6 Cable

A

1000BASE-T
1 Gbps, baseband, untwisted pair
100 meters

OR

10GBASE-T
10 Gbps, baseband, untwisted pair
55 meters

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7
Q

Multi-mode Fiber

A

100BaseFX
100 Mbps, Baseband, Multi-mode fiber
2 km

1000BASE-SX
1 Gbps, Baseband, Multi-mode fiber
550 km

10GBASE-SW
10 Gbps, Baseband, Multi-mode fiber (SONET)
400 km

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8
Q

Single-mode fiber

A

100BaseLX
100 Mbps, baseband, single-mode fiber
10km

1000BASE-LX
1 Gbps, Baseband, Single-mode fiber
5km

10GBASE-LW
10 Gbps, Baseband, Single-mode fiber (SONET)
10 km

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9
Q

ThickNet

A

10BASE-5
10 Mbps, baseband, coaxial
500 meters

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10
Q

Cat 6A Cable

A

10GBaseT
10 Gbps, Baseband, Unshielded twisted pair
100 meters

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11
Q

Ethernet

A

10 Megabits per second

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12
Q

Fast Ethernet

A

100 Megabits per second

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13
Q

Gigabit Ethernet

A

1 Gigabit per second (1000 Mbps)

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14
Q

Ten Gigabit Ethernet

A

10 Gigabits per second

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15
Q

Ethernet Segmentation

A

Connection between network devices on a shared medium (same piec of wire) Ethernet segment is a collision domain

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16
Q

Collision Domain

A

All computer on the same collision domain because as they communication they have the potential for their frames to collide with one another. When frames collide they are destroyed.

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17
Q

Ethernet Switch

A

Separates collision domains, it remembers mac addresses from each computer and can send messages from one computers directly to another without flooding the message out

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18
Q

CSMA/CD

A

Carrier Sensitive Multiple Access with Collision Detection. Not used anymore since we got rid of collisions.

Each node listens to the wire, only trasmit when there is no signal on the wire, if a collision occurs a retrasmit signal is sent

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19
Q

Duplex

A

is a part of every single connection on ethernet, router, switch, NIC

Device’s ability to send or receive simultaneously or not

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20
Q

Half Duplex

A

Node can listen (receive) or talk (send), but not at the same time. Older

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21
Q

Full Duplex

A

Node can listen (receive) and talk (send) at the same time. Modern.

1Gbps @ Full Duplex = 2 Gbps throughput

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22
Q

Duplex Mismatch

A

On a switch port, if one side is full duplex and the other side is half duplex, there are going to be errors on the connection. Switching connecting to a router, switch, or host.

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23
Q

UTP Cable

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair. The cable has no metallic shielding to protect the wires from external interference. More common than STP

UTP is available in a variety of grades

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24
Q

Cat 6A Cable

A

10Gbps over 100m, 10GBaseT

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25
RJ 45
Cable connector following the standards TIA/EIA 568 B/A Straight through (best with B standard). Most common connector
26
Cross-Over Cable
With Rj 45 connectors, if we have B standard on one end and A standard for the other end, we create a cross over cable. Crossover cables reverse the sending and receiving wire pairs from one end to the other. We use cross over cables to connect like devices. Computers connected to a computer use a cross over cable, routers to switches, or to connect network cards without a switch. We connect switches to switches with cross-over cables
27
Straight Through Cable
Refer to connectors at each end of a patch cable terminated with the same standard, both ends have 568-B Used to connect hosts to switches and are the connective opposite of crossover cables
28
STP Cable
Shieled Twisted Pair, the cable has metallic shielding to protect the wires from external interference. Less common than UTP
29
Twisted Pair
Type of cable, 8 different cables all twisted into pairs, twists provide cross talk prevention. More twists, less cross talk. Most common type of cabling used in networks There are two types of Twisted Pair cables, UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pairs) and STP (Shielded Twisted Pairs) Copper Media, POTS, Dial Up, DSL
30
UTP Grades
● Category 1 UTP Regular analog phone lines, not used for data communications ● Category 2 UTP Supports speeds up to 4 Mbps ● Category 3 UTP Supports speeds up to 16 Mbps ● Category 4 UTP Supports speeds up to 20 Mbps ● Category 5 UTP Supports speeds up to 100 Mbps ● Category 5e UTP Supports speeds up to 100 Mbps with two pairs and up to 1000 Mbps with four pairs ● Category 6 UTP Improved support for speeds up to 10 Gbps ● Category 6a UTP Extends the length of 10-Gbps communication to the full 100 meters commonly associated with UTP cabling
31
Fiber Optics
A Core, is covered in cladding, covered in Buffer, then covered in Sheathing. LED shines into the cable and makes wave patterns. Fiber Optics can travel much longer distances than copper wires
32
Fiber Options Multi-mode
Multi-mode is designed for and LED light emitting diod on one side of the connection to shine into the fiber.
33
Fiber Optics Single-mode
There is no LED light, only the laser shining through the core
34
Fiber Optic
Single, solid glass core. Plastic used in low grade multi-mode Multi-mode (LED, shorter distance), Single-mode (Laser, longer distance) Connectors: ST (Single Twist), SC (Single Click), LC (Local Connector), MT-RJ (Mechcanical Transfer REgistered Jack" Used traditionally with ethernet, ATM, Fiber-Channel, RDDI. Can be adapted for use with most any system requiring long distance and high bandwidth capabilities Not susceptible to any electrical interference. Long range and high bandwidth
35
Ethernet Naming Syntax
100Base-TX 100 - the speed of the connection in Megabits per second Base - Baseband or Boardband ethernet connection (99% of the time we see Base) TX - Tells cable or media type, TX is a shielded twisted pair, T is an unshielded twisted pair
36
10BASE-5
10 Mbps, Baseband, ThickNet 500 meters (Coaxial cable)
37
10BASE-2
10 Mbps, Baseband, ThinNet 185 meters (Coaxial Cable)
38
10BASE-T
10 Mbps, Baseband, Unshielded Twisted Pair, 100 meters Cat 3 Cable
39
100BASE-TX or 100BASE-T
100Mbps, Baseband, Shielded Twisted Pair (or Unshielded Twisted Pair) 100 meters Cat 5 Cable Fast Ethernet
40
100BASE-FX
100 Mbps, Baseband, Multi-mode Fiber 2 KM (2000 meters) Fast Ethernet
41
100BASE-LX
100 Mbps, Baseband, Single-mode Fiber 10 km Fast Ethernet
42
1000BASE-CX
1 Gbps, Baseband, Coax (twinax) 25 km
43
1000BASE-T
1 Gbps, Baseband, Unshielded twisted pair 100 meters Cat 5e or Cat 6
44
1000BASE-SX
1 Gbps, Baseband, Multi-mode fiber 550 km
45
1000BASE-LX
1 Gbps, Baseband, Single-mode fiber 5km
46
10GBASE-T
10 Gbps, Baseband, Untwisted Pair Cat 6 (55 meters) Cat 6a (100 meters)
47
10GBASE-SR
10 Gbps, Baseband, Multi-mode fiber 400 km
48
10GBASE-LR
10 Gbps, Baseband, Single-mode fiber (1310nm) 10 km
49
10GBASE-ER
10 Gbps, Baseband, Single-mode fiber(1550nm) 40 km
50
10GBASE-SW
10 Gbps, Baseband, Multi-mode fiber (SONET) 400 km
51
10GBASE-LW
10 Gbps, Baseband, Single-mode fiber (SONET) 10 km
52
10GBASE-EW
10 Gbps, Baseband, Single-mode fiber (SONET) 40 km
53
ThinNet
10BASE-2 10 Mbps, Baseband, coaxial cable 185 meters
54
Coaxial Cable
Single, solid, copper core Connectors: RG6 for long distance RG-59 for short distance Used with Cable Modems (DOCSIS), early ethernet (RG-8 and RG-58)
55
Radio Waves
Cellular, Wireless LANs, more prevalent outside of the U.S. Invisible Physical Media
56
Satellite Communications
High Latency, mostly used for back up connectivity or rural internet access
57
Media Converter
Converts from one type of physical media to another, most common for Ethernet conversion Twisted Pair Ethernet to Fiber Optic Ethernet
58
Signaling
Analog - continuous sine waveform. Suffer degradation when noise is introduced and when the signal is copied and retransmitted Digital - a representation of the transmission using strict ons and offs. Very robust and fast. Requires additional machinery, can't send a digital signal straight to a speak and expect it to work
59
Modulation
Process of conveying a message signal inside another signal (the carrier) that can be physicall trasnmitted across a mediumA
60
Analog Modulation
Modulation is applied continuously in response to the analog intelligence signal, land line phone.
61
Digital Modulation
Can be digital to analog conversion and demodulation can be considered as analog to digital conversion. We get MODEM from Modulate and Demodulate
62
Synchronous Transmission
Requires a reference clock to sync the transmission between the sender and receiver
63
Asynchronous Transmission
Utilizes a start bit and stop bit to determine where each byte of data begins and ends
64
Bit Rate
Expressed in bits per second Fast Ethernet is 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet is 1 Gbps (1 billion bits per second across a wire)
65
Baud Rate
Refers to the number of signal or symbol changes per second. Older term usually used with serial technology, serial modems, and RS232 connections If a symbol can represent two bits, then a symbol (Baud) rate of 4800 Baud is a Bit Rate of 9600bps 9600/2=4800
66
Multiplexing
Method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared mediumDe-
67
De-Multiplexing
Reverse of Multiplexing, by which multiple analog or digital signals are extracted from the single signal
68
Multiplexors
Used primarily in Wide Area Networking with multiple circuts to be pushed onto a single medium
69
TDM
Time Division Multiplexing is a method of multiplexing where the separate data streams are divided using time, instead of space or frequency
70
Broandband
Divides bandwidth into separate chanels across a wide or broad band of frequencies DSL, Cable TV, 2 way communuication
71
Baseband
Uses the entire bandwidth of the network connection or media. Incredibly high data rates Sending and receiving cannot occur on the same wire at the same time. There will always be two connections one for receiving and one for transmitting Most forms of ethernet are baseband
72
MDF
Main Distribution Frame, primary equipment room
73
IDF
Intermediate Distribution Frame, Telecommunications closet
74

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