Ions, Molecules, Compounds, Pure Elements, Atoms, Metals, Non-Metals Flashcards
What’s the difference between an atom and a molecule?
An atom is singular if the element appears in nature. A molecule is multiple atoms such as hydrogen (H2)
Define diatomic
Elements that generally have two molecules (H2, O2, F2, etc)
What’s the difference between an pure element and a compound?
Pure elements consist of one type of atom (Zinc, Hydrogen, Iron), compounds consist of many types of atoms (NaCl, H2O).
What are the two types of compounds. Distinguish them.
Ionic and molecular compounds.
Ionic compounds are made up of two oppositely charged ions, typically one metal and one non-metal.
Molecular compounds are typically made up of two non-metals that share bonds. They typically are composed of molecules.
What charges do metals typically form. What charges do non-metals typically form?
Metals typically form positive charges. Non-metals typically form negative charges.
What are cations and anions?
Cations are ions that are positively charged.
Anions are ions that are negatively charged.
What’s the difference between metals and non-metals?
Metals typically form cations, are typically made of atoms and can generate electricity.
Non-metals typically form anions, are typically made of molecules and are insulators that do not generate electricity.
What are metalloids?
Metalloids are a mix of metals and non-metals. They usually generate a small amount of electricity.
Which elements are metalloids?
Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te)
How do you name a molecular compound?
Let’s use CO2 as an example:
First we get C is carbon: Carbon
Than we get the O: Carbon Oxygen
The second element must have a suffix Ide: Carbon Oxide
Since there is two oxygens we write: Carbon Dioxide
When can you disregard the prefix “mono” when saying a compound?
If there is one of the first element in a compound, you don’t need to say mono. (Egs: Carbon dioxide is not Monocarbon dioxide because carbon is the first element).
When naming ionic compounds, you do not use:
The numerical prefixes. (Egs: MgBr2 is not Magnesium Dibromide, you say Magnesium Bromide)
What’s the difference between polyatomic and monoatomic ions?
Monoatomic ions consist as a single atom with a charge
Polyatomic ions consist as many atoms that carry an overall charge (Hydroxide (OH^-), Sulphate (SO4^3), Etc)
What does the prefix “mono” mean in compounds?
One of (Monoxide is one oxygen)
What does the prefix “di” mean in compounds?
Two of (Dioxide)
What does the prefix “tri” mean in compounds?
Three of (Trioxide)
What does the prefix “tetra” mean in compounds?
Four of (Tetroxide)
What does the prefix “penta” mean in compounds?
Five of (Pentoxide)
What does the prefix “hexa” mean in compounds?
Six of (hexoxide)
What does the prefix “hepta” mean in compounds?
Seven of (Heptoxide)
What does the prefix “octa” mean in compounds?
Eight of (Octoxide)
What does the prefix “nona” mean in compounds?
Nine of (nonoxide)
What does the prefix “deca” mean in compounds?
Ten of (Decoxide)
How do you name an ion that has multiple oxidation states?
Take the examples FeCl2 and FeCl3:
We use roman numerals
FeCl2 requires the iron to have a charge of 2 in order to be completely neutral, so we call it Iron (II) Chloride
FeCl3 requires iron to have a charge of 3 in order to be neutral, so we call it Iron (III) chloride.
When writing the chemical formula for ionic compounds, how do you write the chemical formula if they don’t have their charges cancel out?
Take aluminium chloride as an example:
Al has a charge of 3 and Cl has a charge of 1.You cross Al and Cl and their charges to get from Al^3+Cl^1+ to Al subscript 1 Cl subscript 3. You cross the charges.
