Atoms and Ions

Question 1

Every element has a unique number of what which is called what

Answer 1

Every element has a unique number of protons called the atomic number.

Question 2

How do you calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons knowing the mass, atomic number and charge?

Answer 2

Protons = Atomic #
Neutrons = Mass # - Atomic #
Electrons = Atomic # - Charge

Question 3

What is the atomic radius?

Answer 3

Distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron

Question 4

What is ionization energy?

Answer 4

The energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron.

Question 5

What are the valance electrons?

Answer 5

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

Question 6

What is a reducing agent?

Answer 6

One that gives away their electron(s)

Question 7

Define ionic radius

Answer 7

The ionic radius is how far the nucleus and the outermost electron are away from each-other in an ion.

Question 8

What is an alpha particle?

Answer 8

It consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons

Question 9

What is the equation that describes the electrostatic force between charged particles?

Answer 9

F = (KQ1Q2)/R^2
Q is the magnitude of the charges. (In atoms this is the charge of the protons and electrons)
R is the distance between the charges (Nucleus and electron rings)
K is the constant.

Question 10

What is the electrostatic force?

Answer 10

An attractive and repulsive force between particles caused by their electric charge.

Question 11

What is the strong nuclear force?

Answer 11

The strong nuclear force is what keeps protons from repelling eachother (since they’re all next to eachother and have the same charge)

Question 12

What is electron capture?

Answer 12

Electron capture is when electrons fall into the nucleus of the atom. The electron combines with a proton and forms a neutron.

Question 13

What is the octet rule?

Answer 13

The octet rule states that atoms like to have eight valence electrons.
This is actually one of the reasons that non-metals are typically anions, they usually need to gain an electron to reach the octet rule.

Question 14

What is the difference between atoms and ions?

Answer 14

Atoms are electrically neutral. They have the same number of protons and electrons.
Ions have a charge, an proton:electron imbalance.

Question 15

What were John Dalton’s 7 theories of atoms?

Answer 15

• All matter is made of atoms, atoms cannot be created or destroyed
• All atoms of the same element will be the same
• Atoms from different elements have different properties
• One can combine atoms in whole numbers to get a new molecule
• If a compound decomposes, all atoms can be recovered.
• Atoms cannot be created from nothing
• Chemical reactions only rearrange atoms, never produce or destroy.