Ionic Bonding And Structure Flashcards
Define ionic bonding.
This is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
What types of common cations are there?
Metal ions
Ammonium ions
What do common anions include?
Non-metal ions
Polyatomic ions
When drawing dot and cross diagrams what should you include?
Square brackets
The charge
Outer shell electrons are transferred from what type of atom?
Metal atoms
In what direction do ions attract?
Each ion attracts oppositely charged ions in all directions.
What does the attraction of oppositely charged ions in all directions lead to?
The formation of a giant ionic lattice.
What does a giant ionic lattice contain?
Billions of billions of ions.
In what state are almost all ionic compounds at room temperature?
Solid
Why are giant ionic lattices at room temperature?
There is insufficient energy to overcome the strong forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions in the giant ionic lattice.
What type of boiling point do giant ionic lattices have?
They have high boiling points.
What type of melting point do giant ionic lattices have?
They have high melting points.
Why do giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points?
High temperatures are needed to provide the large amount of energy needed to overcome the electrostatic forces of attraction.
What can ionic attraction depend upon?
The size of the ions.
What is higher for ionic lattices containing ions with greater ionic charge?
The melting point.
Do ionic lattices dissolve in polar solvents?
Yes
Give an example of a polar solvent.
Water
What do water molecules do to the ionic lattice?
They break down the lattice and surround each ion in solution.
Why are some ionic lattices not soluble in water?
The ions have large charges and the ionic attraction may be too strong for the water to be able to break down the lattice.
What two things does solubility require?
The ionic lattice must be broken down
Water molecules must attract and surround the ions
What does the solubility of an ionic compound in water depend upon?
The relative strengths of the attraction within the giant ionic lattice and the attraction between the ions and water molecules.
What decreases as ionic charge increases?
Solubility
Do ionic lattices conduct electricity when in a solid state?
No
When do ionic lattices conduct electricity?
When melted or dissolved in water.
Why don’t ionic lattices conduct electricity in their solid state?
The ions are in a fi ed position in the giant ionic lattice.
Therefore, there are no mobile charge carriers.
Why do liquid and dissolved ionic lattices conduct electricity?
The solid ionic lattice has broken down so IONS are free to move as mobile charge carriers.
What are the 3 properties of giant ionic lattices?
Have high melting and boiling points.
Tend to dissolve in polar solvents.
Conduct electricity only in their liquid state or in aqueous solution.
What are the mobile charge carries in giant ionic lattices?
Ions not delocalised electrons.
