Ionic Bonding And Structure

Question 1

Define ionic bonding.

Answer 1

This is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

Question 2

What types of common cations are there?

Answer 2

Metal ions

Ammonium ions

Question 3

What do common anions include?

Answer 3

Non-metal ions

Polyatomic ions

Question 4

When drawing dot and cross diagrams what should you include?

Answer 4

Square brackets

The charge

Question 5

Outer shell electrons are transferred from what type of atom?

Answer 5

Metal atoms

Question 6

In what direction do ions attract?

Answer 6

Each ion attracts oppositely charged ions in all directions.

Question 7

What does the attraction of oppositely charged ions in all directions lead to?

Answer 7

The formation of a giant ionic lattice.

Question 8

What does a giant ionic lattice contain?

Answer 8

Billions of billions of ions.

Question 9

In what state are almost all ionic compounds at room temperature?

Answer 9

Solid

Question 10

Why are giant ionic lattices at room temperature?

Answer 10

There is insufficient energy to overcome the strong forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions in the giant ionic lattice.

Question 11

What type of boiling point do giant ionic lattices have?

Answer 11

They have high boiling points.

Question 12

What type of melting point do giant ionic lattices have?

Answer 12

They have high melting points.

Question 13

Why do giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 13

High temperatures are needed to provide the large amount of energy needed to overcome the electrostatic forces of attraction.

Question 14

What can ionic attraction depend upon?

Answer 14

The size of the ions.

Question 15

What is higher for ionic lattices containing ions with greater ionic charge?

Answer 15

The melting point.

Question 16

Do ionic lattices dissolve in polar solvents?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Give an example of a polar solvent.

Answer 17

Water

Question 18

What do water molecules do to the ionic lattice?

Answer 18

They break down the lattice and surround each ion in solution.

Question 19

Why are some ionic lattices not soluble in water?

Answer 19

The ions have large charges and the ionic attraction may be too strong for the water to be able to break down the lattice.

Question 20

What two things does solubility require?

Answer 20

The ionic lattice must be broken down

Water molecules must attract and surround the ions

Question 21

What does the solubility of an ionic compound in water depend upon?

Answer 21

The relative strengths of the attraction within the giant ionic lattice and the attraction between the ions and water molecules.

Question 22

What decreases as ionic charge increases?

Answer 22

Solubility

Question 23

Do ionic lattices conduct electricity when in a solid state?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

When do ionic lattices conduct electricity?

Answer 24

When melted or dissolved in water.

Question 25

Why don’t ionic lattices conduct electricity in their solid state?

Answer 25

The ions are in a fi ed position in the giant ionic lattice.
Therefore, there are no mobile charge carriers.

Question 26

Why do liquid and dissolved ionic lattices conduct electricity?

Answer 26

The solid ionic lattice has broken down so IONS are free to move as mobile charge carriers.

Question 27

What are the 3 properties of giant ionic lattices?

Answer 27

Have high melting and boiling points.
Tend to dissolve in polar solvents.
Conduct electricity only in their liquid state or in aqueous solution.

Question 28

What are the mobile charge carries in giant ionic lattices?

Answer 28

Ions not delocalised electrons.