Electron Structure

Question 1

What are atomic orbitals?

Answer 1

Regions around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons.

Question 2

What are the four different types of orbital?

Answer 2

s,p,d,f

Question 3

Which shells contain s orbitals?

Answer 3

Each shell from n=1

Question 4

What increases as the shell number increases?

Answer 4

The radius of the s orbital

Question 5

What is the shape of an s orbital?

Answer 5

It is a sphere.

Question 6

What is the shape of a p orbital electron cloud?

Answer 6

It is a dumb-bell shape.

Question 7

How many s orbitals are there in each shell?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

How many p orbitals are there in each shell?

Answer 8

3, at right angles to each other.

Question 9

Which shells contain p orbitals?

Answer 9

Shells from n=2 onwards contain 3 p orbitals.

Question 10

What happens to the p orbital as the shell number increases?

Answer 10

The p orbitals get further away from the nucleus.

Question 11

Which shells contain d orbitals?

Answer 11

Each shell from n=3 onwards.

Question 12

How many d orbitals are found in each shell?

Answer 12

5

Question 13

Which shells are f orbitals found in?

Answer 13

Each shell from n=4 onwards.

Question 14

How many f orbitals are in each shell?

Answer 14

7

Question 15

What are sub-shells?

Answer 15

This is where orbitals of the same type are grouped together within each shell (as a sub-shell).

Question 16

What do orbitals fill in order of?

Answer 16

Increasing energy

Question 17

Which sub-shell has less energy than the 3D sub-shell?

Answer 17

The 4s sub-shell.

Question 18

Put the following in the right order:
3s
3p
3d
4s
4p

Answer 18

3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

Question 19

Why do electrons repel each other?

Answer 19

They are negatively charged.

Question 20

What property, beginning with s, do electrons have?

Answer 20

Spin

Question 21

Which ways can electrons spin?

Answer 21

Either up or down.

Question 22

What prevents electron repulsion in an orbital?

Answer 22

Opposite spins

Having one electron occupy each orbital before pairing starts.

Question 23

What is the electron configuration of Krypton (36electrons)?

Answer 23

1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
3p6
4s2
3d10
4p6

Question 24

What is the shorthand notation?

Answer 24

The nearest noble gas and the outer electron sub shells.

Question 25

What is the short hand notation for lithium?

Answer 25

[He]2s1

Question 26

What are the 3 blocks?

Answer 26

s,p,d

Question 27

Where is the s block located?

Answer 27

Left block of 2 groups.

Question 28

In the s block, where are the highest energy electrons?

Answer 28

In the s sub shell.

Question 29

Where is the p block located?

Answer 29

Right block of six groups.

Question 30

Where are the highest energy electrons in the p block?

Answer 30

In the p sub shell

Question 31

Where is the d block located?

Answer 31

Centre block of 10 groups.

Question 32

Where are the highest energy electrons in the d block?

Answer 32

In the d sub shell.

Question 33

Which sub shell loses or gains electrons when forming ions?

Answer 33

The highest energy sub-shells

Question 34

Which sub shell fills firs the 3d or 4s?

Answer 34

4s

Question 35

Which sub-shell empties first the 3d or 4s?

Answer 35

4s

Question 36

What happens when both the 3d and 4s sub shells are filled?

Answer 36

The 3d sub shell has less energy than the 4 s sub shell.

Question 37

What is the electron configuration for nickel (28)?

Answer 37

1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
3p6
4s2
3d8

Question 38

What is the electron configuration for a nickel ion(28)?

Answer 38

1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
3p6
3d8