Electron Structure Flashcards
What are atomic orbitals?
Regions around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons.
What are the four different types of orbital?
s,p,d,f
Which shells contain s orbitals?
Each shell from n=1
What increases as the shell number increases?
The radius of the s orbital
What is the shape of an s orbital?
It is a sphere.
What is the shape of a p orbital electron cloud?
It is a dumb-bell shape.
How many s orbitals are there in each shell?
1
How many p orbitals are there in each shell?
3, at right angles to each other.
Which shells contain p orbitals?
Shells from n=2 onwards contain 3 p orbitals.
What happens to the p orbital as the shell number increases?
The p orbitals get further away from the nucleus.
Which shells contain d orbitals?
Each shell from n=3 onwards.
How many d orbitals are found in each shell?
5
Which shells are f orbitals found in?
Each shell from n=4 onwards.
How many f orbitals are in each shell?
7
What are sub-shells?
This is where orbitals of the same type are grouped together within each shell (as a sub-shell).
What do orbitals fill in order of?
Increasing energy
Which sub-shell has less energy than the 3D sub-shell?
The 4s sub-shell.
Put the following in the right order: 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p
3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Why do electrons repel each other?
They are negatively charged.
What property, beginning with s, do electrons have?
Spin
Which ways can electrons spin?
Either up or down.
What prevents electron repulsion in an orbital?
Opposite spins
Having one electron occupy each orbital before pairing starts.
What is the electron configuration of Krypton (36electrons)?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
What is the shorthand notation?
The nearest noble gas and the outer electron sub shells.
What is the short hand notation for lithium?
[He]2s1
What are the 3 blocks?
s,p,d
Where is the s block located?
Left block of 2 groups.
In the s block, where are the highest energy electrons?
In the s sub shell.
Where is the p block located?
Right block of six groups.
Where are the highest energy electrons in the p block?
In the p sub shell
Where is the d block located?
Centre block of 10 groups.
Where are the highest energy electrons in the d block?
In the d sub shell.
Which sub shell loses or gains electrons when forming ions?
The highest energy sub-shells
Which sub shell fills firs the 3d or 4s?
4s
Which sub-shell empties first the 3d or 4s?
4s
What happens when both the 3d and 4s sub shells are filled?
The 3d sub shell has less energy than the 4 s sub shell.
What is the electron configuration for nickel (28)?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8
What is the electron configuration for a nickel ion(28)?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8
