Ionic Bonding Flashcards
How are ions formed in basic terms?
An ion is a charged atom
- When an atom gains electrons (and becomes an anion)
Or - When an atom loses electrons (and becomes a cation)
What happens in ionic bonding?
- A non-metal and a metal chemically bond together
- The metal donates the electrons on its outer shell to the non-metal, achieving an outer shell on both atoms (this is the most stable state, so is what atoms are trying to achieve)
- The attraction between the positive and negative ions formed hold the ionic compound formed together
Metals only have a few electrons in their outershell, and non-metals have many, so this is why non-metals lose electrons and become anions, and metals gain electrons and become cations
How might you draw an ionic dot and cross diagram?
- Draw the two atoms with their electron shells in their normal states
- Then draw the atoms next to eachother with the transferred electrons, both of the atoms should have full outer shells
What charge do ions of group 1 metals (alkali metals) have?
1+
What charge do ions of group 2 metals have?
2+
What charge do ions of group 3 metals have?
3+
What charge do ions of group 5 metals have?
3-
What charge do ions of group 6 metals have?
2-
What charge do ions of group 7 metals have?
1-
What is the formula and charge of a silver ion?
Ag⁺
What is the formula and charge of a copper (II) ion?
Cu²⁺
What is the formula and charge of an iron (II) ion?
Fe²⁺
What is the formula and charge of an iron (III) ion?
Fe³⁺
What is the formula and charge of a lead ion?
Pb²⁺
What is the formula and charge of a zinc ion?
Zn²⁺
What is the formula and charge of a hydrogen ion?
H⁺
What is the formula and charge of an ammonium ion?
NH₄⁺
Ammonium is the ion formed when ammonia is part of an ionic compound
What is the formula and charge of a hydroxide ion?
OH⁻
What is the formula and charge of a carbonate ion?
CO₃²⁻
What is the formula and charge of a nitrate ion?
NO₃⁻
What is the formula and charge of a sulphate ion?
SO₄²⁻
What must the charge of ionic compounds be?
+0
What holds the ions together in ionic compounds?
Strong intramolecular electrostatic forces between the positive and the negative ions
What structure do the ions in an ionic compound form?
Giant lattice structure
Why do ionic compounds have a high melting and boiling point?
The giant lattice contains lots of very strong electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions in the lattice which require alot of energy to break
What is the conuductivity of ionic compounds like when they are solid?
They are not conductive in solid form as the ions are in a fixed position and cannot freely move
What is the conductivity of ionic compounds when they are molten or in aqueous solution?
They are conductive when molten or in aqueous solution because the ions are free to move and carry charge
How do you write ionic equations, and what is the ionic equation (and process to form this equation) for sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid as an example?
- Write out the equation normally, but split up all ionic compounds into their constituent ions
- Remove the ions which do not change
- NaOH + HCl –> NaCl + H₂O
- Na⁺ + OH⁻ + H⁺ + Cl⁻ –> Na⁺ + Cl⁻ + H₂O
- OH⁻ + H⁺ –> H₂O
- Water does not contain ions as it is a covalent compound
- If ions do not change charge, it is the ones which change state
