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Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry > Chemical Tests > Flashcards

Chemical Tests Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the test for hydrogen gas?

A
  • Hold a lighted splint above the mouth of a test tube
  • If hydrogen is present, it will burn with a squeaky pop
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2
Q

What is the test for oxygen gas?

A
  • Hold a glowing splint inside of a test tube
  • If the splint relights, oxygen is present
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3
Q

What is the test for chlorine gas?

A
  • Use litmus paper
  • If it is bleached, than chlorine gas is present

Chlorine gas is also visible, with a yellow-green colour

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4
Q

What is the test for ammonia gas?

A
  • Use damp red litmus paper
  • If ammonia is present, it will turn blue
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5
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide gas?

A
  • Bubble it through lime-water (calcium hydroxide)
  • If it turns milky/cloudy, it is carbon dioxide as calcium carbonate will have formed
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6
Q

Why must a metal like nichrome or platinum be used when doing a cation flame test?

A
  • It is unreactive and will not burn with a colour
  • It has a high enough melting point to not melt under a flame
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7
Q

Why must you clean the platinum or nichrome wire in concentrated acid before doing a cation flame test?

A

To avoid contamination so only one ion is present when doing the flame test

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8
Q

What is the colour of the flame when lithium ions are burning?

A

Red

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9
Q

What is the colour of the flame when sodium ions are burning?

A

Yellow

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10
Q

What is the colour of the flame when potassium ions are burning?

A

Lilac

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11
Q

What is the colour of the flame when calcium ions are burning?

A

Orange-Red

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12
Q

What is the colour of the flame when copper ions are burning?

A

Blue-green

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13
Q

What is the test for copper ions in an aqueous solution?

A
  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • If copper ions are present, there will be a blue precipitate
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14
Q

What is the test for iron (II) ions in an aqueous solution?

A
  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • If iron (II) ions are present, there will be a green precipitate
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15
Q

What is the test for iron (III) ions in an aqueous solution?

A
  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • If iron (III) ions are present, there will be a red-brown precipitate
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16
Q

What is the test for ammonium?

A
  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • If ammonium ions are present, ammonia gas will be released which can be tested for by observing damp red litmus paper turning blue
17
Q

What is the test for carbonate ions?

A
  • Add a dilute acid (like hydrochloric acid) to the solution
  • If it bubbles, and those bubbles turn calcium hydroxide solution (limewater) cloudy/milky then carbonate ions are present (because carbon dioxide gas is released)
18
Q

What is the test for sulfate ions?

A
  • Add dilute hydrochloric acid
  • Then add barium chloride
  • If there is a white precipitate, sulfate ions are present
19
Q

What is the test for chloride ions?

A
  • Add dilute hydrochloric acid
  • Then add silver nitrate
  • If there is a white precipitate, chloride ions are present
20
Q

What is the test for bromide ions?

A
  • Add dilute hydrochloric acid
  • Then add silver nitrate
  • If there is a cream precipitate, chloride ions are present
21
Q

What is the test for iodide ions?

A
  • Add dilute hydrochloric acid
  • Then add silver nitrate
  • If there is a yellow precipitate, chloride ions are present

Summary note: For tests in inorganic chemistry, you to indentify the ions within an ionic compound so you need to do a cation test and an anion test

22
Q

How do you test for water?

A
  • Add to anhydrous (dry) copper(II) sulfate solution
  • It will turn from white to blue if it is water which is added
23
Q

How do you test for the purity of a sample of water?

A
  • Boil the sample at 100 degrees celcius to check if the boiling point is exactly 100
  • Any impurities will raise the boiling point and depress the melting point

Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (26 decks)

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