Ionic bonding Flashcards
what happens when bonds are formed in terms of energy?
energy is released
What happens in terms of energy when bonds are broken?
energy needs to be taken in to overcome the attractive forces (bonds)
What is endothermic?
process where energy is needed
What is exothermic?
process where energy is given out
what is metallic bonding?
between the atoms of metals
what is ionic bonding?
the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions
What is covalent bonding?
occurs when two atoms share a pair or electrons
what are intermolecular forces?
weak bonds that attract induvidual molecules to one another
prevents the molecules spreading out
Which ion loses electrons?
+ ion = metal
Which ion gains electrons?
- ion = non-metal
What is a simple ion?
an ion formed from a single atom
What is a polyatomic ion?
a small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds with a net charge
How are ions arranged in an ionic compound?
a giant ionic lattice
3 dimentional network of alternating + and - ions
it is held together by electrostatic attraction
Why do ionic compounds have a high boiling and melting point?
theres a stron electrostatic attraction between ions that need to be broken
a lot of energy is needed to overcome the attractive forces
the higher the charge- the more energy needed + higher bp and Mp
How do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
energy enables charged particles to move freely
ionic compounds as a solid do not contain mobile electrons = ions cant move bc they are locked by strong ionic bonds
ions can move when molten/ aqueous = ionic compound can conduct when molten/ aqueous
What is a giant ionic lattice?
a regular array of alternating + and - ions
Why are most ionic compounds soluble in water?
water is polar and the water molecules are attracted to the + and - ions in the compound
How do water molecules bond to ionic compound ions?
electrostatic attraction because of an ion-dipole bond
How does an ionic compound dissolve due to ion-dipole bonds?
the formation of ion-dipole bonds releases enough energy to overcome the strong attraction between ions
Why dont ionic compounds dissolve in organic solvent?
it is not polar and will not form ion-dipole bonds
Why can’t some ionic compounds dissolve in water?
the attraction between ions are too powerful to be overcome by the formation of ion-dipole bonds
