Equilibrium Flashcards
What are the features of a dynamic equilibrium?
the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reverse reaction
the system must be closed
the conc of each substance involved remain constant
What is a closed system?
it is not possible for reactants or products to enter or leave the system
What is the enthalpy change equation?
change in enthalpy = Ea (forwards) - Ea (backwards)
forwards - reactants
backwards - products
What is Le chatelier’s principle?
when one of the conditions affecting the position of a dynamic equilibrium is altered, the position of equilibrium will shift in the direction that opposes the change
What happens to the equilibrium when you increase the temp of a reaction?
shifts to the endothermic direction because the system tries to decrease the temp
What happens to the equilibrium when you decrease the temp of a reaction?
equilibrium shifts to the exothermic direction as the system tries to raise the temp
What does shift mean in terms of equilibrium?
settling into a new equilibrium
What happens to the equilibrium when you increase the conc of the reactants?
the system tries to reduce them so equilibrium shifts to the right to produce more product
What happens to the equilibrium when you decrease the conc of a product?
system tries to increase the products so shifts to the right to oppose the change
How do you increase pressure?
decrease the volume by compressing gas in a syringe
What happens to the equilibrium when you increase the pressure of a reaction?
system wants to decrease the no. of mol sp equilibrium shifts to the side where there are fewer moles of gas
What happens to the equilibrium when you decrease the pressure of a reaction?
the system tries to increase the pressure by decreasing the no. of mol - shifts to the side with larger moles of gas
What colour is dichromate ions?
orange
What colour are chromate ions?
yellow
What does a catalyst do to equilibrium?
causes NO shift but speeds up the forward reaction so reached equilibrium sooner
