Formalae and Equations Flashcards
What are polyatomic/ compound ions?
covalently bonded ions eg. sulfate
ends with ‘ate’
What is the carbonate ion?
CO3 2-
What is the nitrate ion?
NO3-
What is the phrosphate ion?
PO4 3-
What is the hydroxide ion?
OH-
What is the sulfate ion?
SO4 2-
What is the silver ion?
Ag+
What is the zinc ion?
Zn 2+
What is the ammonium ion?
NH4+
What is covalent bonding?
the joining of two atoms is not energetically favourable
What is a lone-pair?
Two electrons in a covalent molecule that are not sharing any electroms with a different atom
What is an element?
an atom containing one substance
What is an atom?
a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element
What is a compound?
a mixture of two or more atoms that are chemically bound
What is an ion?
a charged atom
What is a molecule?
at least two atoms held together by covalent bonds
What does the period number tell you on the periodic table?
number of shells in an atom
What does the group number tell you on the periodic table?
number of electrons in the outer shell
How is the periodic table arranged?
lists elements in order of increasing atomic number
What is an electrons relative mass?
1/2000
What are the relative masses of protons and neutrons?
both 1
What is the atomic number?
number of protons
defines what the element is
does not change in chemical reaction
What is a compound?
more than one element chemically bonded together
What is an ionic compound?
it is formes by the transfer of 1 or more electrons from the atom of one element to an atom of another element
What is a cation?
positively charged atom
(loses electrons)
What is an anion?
negatively charged atom
(gains electrons)
What are covalent substances?
atoms bonded to each other by covalent bonds
formed when a pair of atoms share a pair of electrons
What holds a covalent substance together?
the electrostatic attraction and the nuclei of the two atoms involved
How do you know what compounds are covalently bonded?
Only non-metals present
How do you know what compounds are ionically bonded?
made of a metal and a non-metal
What is the formula for methane?
CH4
What is the formula for nitric acid?
HNO3
How do you produce an ionic equation?
- write the full equation including state symbols
- write full ionic equation
- remove spectator ions ( ones that don’t change state in reaction)
solids, liquids and gases do not seperate as ions
only aqueous solutions seperate in water as ions
What happens when you dissolve an ionic compound in water?
it seperates into its induvidual ions
