ionic and covalent bonding

Question 1

what is the difference between cations and anions

Answer 1

anion- is when an atom gains electrons, therefore it is a negative ion
cation- is when an atom looses electrons, therefore a positive ion

Question 2

what is an ion

Answer 2

is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

Question 3

relationship between group number and charge of ion

Answer 3

firstly all metals have a positive charge
group 1- +1
group 2- +2
transtion metals- changes
group 3- +3 (only aluminium and galium)
group 4- transtion metals
group 5- -3
group 6- -2
group 7- -1
group 8- 0

Question 4

what is an ionic bond

Answer 4

strong electrostatic attraction between opositely charged ions

Question 5

know how to draw dot and cross diagrams between ionic

Answer 5

YES

Question 6

what are the properties of ionic compounds

Answer 6

high melting and boiling point
good electrical conductivity when aqueos or molten because electrons are free to move carrying charge vs when solid electrons cant move

Question 7

what is an ionic lattice

Answer 7

ionic compound millions of ions packed together in a regular cubic arrangement joined by ionic bonds, with alternating positive and negative ions

Question 8

properties of ionic compounds

Answer 8

high melting and boiling points because of very strong and many ionic bonds taking lots of energy to break
in addition they have good electrical conductivity when molten

Question 9

covalent bonding

Answer 9

when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms leading to noble gas electronic configuration, only happens between two non metals

Question 10

properties of simple covalent

Answer 10

low melting and boiling points because attraction between molecules is low, doesnt take lots of energy to break up lattice, weak intermolecular forces
insoluble in water
donot conduct electricity because they are no charge particles

Question 11

describe giant covalent strucutres and give examples

Answer 11

structure made up of millions of atoms joined together by strong ovslent bonds, diamond graphite and silicon dioxide

Question 12

describe strucutre of graphite

Answer 12

has strong covalent bonds but weak intermoleculer forces

Question 13

describe strucutre if diamond

Answer 13

tetrahedral shape, centre atom froms 4 bonds, strong covalent bonds

Question 14

describe strucutre of silicon (IV) dioxide

Answer 14

centre atom forms 4 bonds, strong covalent bonds

Question 15

what are some properties of diamond and silicon dioxide

Answer 15

have high melting points and doesnt conduct electricity because each atom is held in place by 4 strong covalent bonds, which needs lots of energy to break

Question 16

describe properties of graphite

Answer 16

conducts electricity and is soft because sheets can slide over each other because they are held by weak intermolecular forces, and because carbon atoms has four electrons but forms nly 3 bonds, so one electron is free to move carrying charge

Question 17

what are some uses for giant covalent and why

Answer 17

graphite is used for pencil lead, beause of dark color and because is soft
diamond and silicon dioxide are used for edge wheels and cutting stone and as jewlery, because very hard and require hgih energy to break bonds