IO1: Periodicity Flashcards
In terms of the periodic table, where are the blocks found?
s- left
d- middle
p- right
f- bottom
(outer electrons in these orbitals)
Do groups or periods have similar chemical properties?
Groups
Periods are arranged…
Periodically, as they have repeating patterns or periodic trends
In terms of the periodic table, where are metals and non-metals?
Metals- left and middle until the…
Metalloids- diagonal B, Si, As, Te, At, separates metals and non-metals
Non-metals- right
What is a metalloid?
Show some chemical properties of a metal, but is not a metal.
What is the trend in atomic radius of group 2?
Increases down
What is the trend in 1st ionisation energy of group 2?
Decreases down
How do the group 2, alkaline earth metals bond?
Metallically
What state are the group 2 metals at room temp?
Solid
What is the trend in melting point of group 2 metals?
Decreases down
-Metallic bonds get weaker
-Apart from Magnesium, which is lower than all group 2 metals
How do the group 2 metals react with water?
Going down, each reacts more vigourously.
-This is because 1st IE decreases down the group, so easier to lose electrons (decrease activation energy)
Which group 2 metal does not react with water?
Be
How does Mg react with water?
Only slightly, but does rapidly react with steam and gives off a bright light.
Group 2 + water =?
Metal Hydroxide
Magnesium can be used to extract Ti from its ore, explain how.
- TiO2 is heated with carbon and chlorine to form titanium chloride
- Reduced by Mg where Mg donates its electrons to Ti, making Ti and magnesium chloride.
Mg= reducing agent
How is calcium used to prevent acid rain?
Burning fossil fuels gives off SO2 which causes acid rain.
-Spraying ‘slurry’ of calcium carbonate, or calcium oxide over sulfur dioxide gas, and collects the calcium sulfide that forms.
What is the solubility of Group 2 Hydroxides?
Increases down the group
Magnesium hydroxide is hardly soluble, so is a white precipitate
What group 2 hydroxide can be used to cure heartburn and why?
Magnesium Hydroxide- Mg(OH)2
-Base is strong enough to neutralise the pH of stomach
-Low solubility means it is not strong enough to damage body.
What group 2 hydroxide neutralises soil?
Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2
-‘slaked lime’
-strong base to neutralises pH
Hydroxide solubility increases, sulfate solubility…
Decreases
What is Barium sulfate used for and why?
(Barium Meal)
Consumed before an X-ray as it insoluble but dense.
What is Barium Chloride used for?
To test for sulfate ions.
-When acid is added to removes carbonate, forms a white precipitate.