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Chemistry🧪 > Mechanisms > Flashcards

Mechanisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleophilic substitution

A

Halogenoalkane to either an alcohol, nitrile, amine

-:OH
-:CN
:NH3

NaOH, KOH. NaCN, KCN - ethanolic, heated
*excess ammonia and pressure
*aqueous hydroxide

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2
Q

Free Radical Substitution

A

Cl2 ——> 2Cl.

UV light
Above 450 degrees

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3
Q

Elimination

A

Double bond forms

NaOH or KOH - ethanolic
Adjacent Hydrogen

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4
Q

Elimination of Alcohols

A

Dehydration
alcohol > alkene

Concentrated sulphuric acid
Heated

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5
Q

Electrophilic addition

A

Breaks double bond

With H-Br, Br-Br, or alkyl sulfate
forms carbocations

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6
Q

Addition with alcohol

A

Hydration
Alkene to alcohol

double bond brakes

Steam
Sulphuric acid catalyst

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7
Q

Nucleophilic addition

A

aldehyde or ketone back to alcohol
breaks double bond

can form optical isomers

Sodium borohydride (-:H)
or KCN, HCN
Slightly acidic solution

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8
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination

A

Acyl chloride to alcohol or amine

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Chemistry🧪 (15 decks)

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