P1: Atomic Structure Flashcards
What are protons and neutrons sometimes called, and why?
Nucleons, because they are in the nucleus.
What is relative atomic mass relative to?
Carbon 12, weighing 12
What is 1 mass unit equal to (relative atomic mass)?
1/12 mass of Carbon 12
What is mass (kg) of a proton?
1.673 x 10^(-27)
What is the charge (c) of a proton?
+1.602 x 10^(-19)
What is the mass (kg) of a neutron?
1.675 x 10^(-27)
What is the charge (c) of a neutron?
0
What is the mass (kg) of an electron?
0.911 x 10^(-30)
What is the charge (c) of an electron?
-1.602 x 10^(-19)
What are the Mr’s of a proton, neutron, and an electron?
P: 1
N: 1
E: 1/1840
What do we use Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for?
To find the abundance mass of each isotope in an element, allowing us to determine its relative atomic mass.
- Can also do molecular
What are the 3 stages of Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry?
- Ionisation- make it a +ion, there are two methods
- Acceleration- Using an electric field so they all have the same kinetic energy
- Flight Tube- Ions travel through a hole in the negative plate, a current is detected and time is taken.
Explain the ‘electron impact’ method for ionisation in ToF
- Sample is vaporised
- An electron gun, hot wire filament, fires high energy electrons at the sample
- This knocks off one electron from each particle, forming 1+ ions
-These are attracted to the negative plate and are accelerated
(fragmentation may occur)
Explain the ‘electrospray ionisation’ method for ToF
- Sample is dissolved in volatile solvent (e.g water) and injected into a fine hypodermic needle
- This creates a fine mist
- The needle is attached to a positive terminal of high voltage power supply
- The particles gain a proton (e.g H+ ion) and are now positive ions
- The solvent evaporates and leaves the + ions to be attracted to the negative plate where they are accelerated.
Why do some ions reach the detector before the other ions? (in ToF)
Lighter ions travel faster as they have more velocity (isotopes) so reach the detector first.