O1: Intro to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What are the prefixes of hydrocarbons based on numbers of carbons?
1- Meth
2- Eth
3- Prop
4- But
5- Pent
6- Hex
What is a molecular formula?
The number of atoms
e.g C3H8
What is a structural formula?
The molecular formula broken down into structure
e.g CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
What is a displayed formula?
A drawing showing covalent bonds
e.g. H. H
H-C- -C-H
H. H
What is a skeletal formula?
The shorthand of a displayed formula using lines
e.g. /\/\/\
a carbon at each point
Define what a functional group is
Specific groups of atoms or bonds within a molecule that are responsive for the chemical reactions of the molecule.
What are the names of branches on carbon chains?
1- Methyl
2- Ethyl
3- Propyl
4- Butyl
5- Pentyl
Act as a prefix to the name
e.g methylpropane
How does the number of what carbon the branch is in effect the name?
The carbon number that the branch is in comes before the name, but has to be the lowest number it can be.
e.g. 2-methylpentane
on the 2nd carbon
What is the empirical formula?
The simplest ratios of atoms in the molecule
What is an isomer?
Same molecular formula but the atoms are in different arrangements
-Structural
-Sterioisomer
What is structural isomerism?
Have the same molecular formula, but different structural formula
What is positional isomerism?
The functional group is attached to the main carbon chain in different locations
What is chain isomerism?
The carbon chains are arranged differently, so different carbon skeletons (maybe branched)
What is functional group isomerism?
The atoms are reorganised to give a different functional group
e.g alkene»_space; cyclic alkane
What is sterioisomerism?
2 or more compounds have the same structural formula but are different in spatial arrangement
geometrical: E-Z
